<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In general Women belonging to villages tend to spend the maximum of their time in household activities without any hesitation. In return, they don’t receive any merits or credits from the family and society. This paper aims in conducting detailed research work based on, the understanding found among women folk belonging to lower-middle-class women and poor income about the need for financial inclusion. The study was carried out in Ludhiana, Punjab among women from low-income and lower-middle-class households. Out of 1000 approaches, 757 respondents replied (75%). Later the data were organized and analyzed for the results. To make the work stronger a conceptual framework was framed. The tests like one-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc tests were also carried out. The outcomes showed that there are major differences seen when women are empowered and occupied they are reflecting positively on financial inclusion.
</abstract>

Department of Accounting and Financial Management Amity Business School

Indian Government Schemes Based Analysis on Women Empowerment In Financial Inclusion

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The digitalization of the economy and society in the context of Industry 4.0 affects the labor market. New jobs are being created with new personnel requirements. At the same time, digitalization processes affect countries and sectors of the economy in different ways. The number of employed is declining in some sectors and increasing in others. The ratio of people employed in different industries also differs from country to country. As the digitalization of production relations intensifies, transformation processes in the labor market will increase. In the context of the actualization of digital changes in modern society, the aim of the article is to analyze the labor market under the digitalization of economic relations. The World Development Indicators (WDI) and Digital Intelligence Index (DII) were used to realize the purpose of the study. The study covers 89 countries for 2019. Correlation analysis, standardization, cluster analysis and analysis of variance were used as methods in the research. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained. A strong relationship was found between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and DII for the whole sample. The cluster analysis process found that the variables form three clusters with values of most indicators by group: at the high, the average and the low levels. Plots of mean and confidence intervals for the variables in each cluster were also plotted. Correlation coefficients were calculated for each cluster. It was found that each group has its own internal patterns.
</abstract>

Analysis of Labor Market Transformation in the Context of Industry 4.0

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This study empirically examined the role of the country’s absorptive capacity on the impact of domestic investment on economic growth in the selected five African countries over the study period of 1970 to 2019. In specific, the study examined the impact of domestic investment on economic growth from two models, without the country’s absorptive capacity and with the country’s absorptive capacity. Further, a robust linear ordinary least squares (OLS) methodology including static panel OLS and panel cointegration estimators was employed. The study found that only changes in financial development and infrastructures positively cause changes in the domestic investment-economic growth nexus in the short run while in the long run, trade openness enhances the positive impact of domestic investment on economic growth in African countries. In addition, the study found that domestic investment retards economic growth without the country’s absorptive capacity in the short run and long run respectively in African countries. Therefore, the study recommended that policymakers should invest heavily in infrastructure and financial development systems as well as encourages trade openness for a stable domestic investment-economic growth nexus in African countries.
</abstract>

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences

Domestic Investment and Economic Growth Nexus: Does Absorptive Capacity Matter in The African Countries?

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This study investigates the conventional and Islamic equity market reaction towards terrorism events in Pakistan from 2009 to 2016 using OLS regression and GARCH (1, 1) models. The prospect theory and efficient market hypothesis are the relevant theories. Findings indicate that conventional and Islamic equity market reaction towards terrorism events is very short lived and markets recovers quickly. This study also documents the market reaction to terrorism events based on the target type, location and during the Islamic calendar months. The impact of different target types and different event locations on the conventional and Islamic equity markets varies. The equity markets in Pakistan responds negatively to the attacks on educational institutes and businesses whereas positively to attacks on armed forces’ facilities. Furthermore, conventional equity market responds negatively to terrorist attacks in Karachi and positively to attacks in financial cities and FATA. Interestingly, Islamic equity market responds positively towards the attacks in financial cities and FATA, however, with very minute reaction magnitude. The findings of this study are useful for the investors to manage their portfolios by considering magnitude and direction of market reaction towards terrorism based on the target type, location and Islamic months. Overall, this study concludes that conventional and Islamic equity markets reaction towards terrorism is very minute; however, the conventional and Islamic equity markets reaction varies based on target type, event location and different Islamic calendar months. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that equity markets recover very soon, therefore, markets are efficient in observing these shocks.
</abstract>

Department of Business & Management Sciences

Conventional and Islamic Equity Market Reaction Towards Terrorism: Evidence Based on Target Types, Location and Islamic Calendar Months

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This paper is aimed to examine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment inflow on Trade (Export, Import) in Turkey. The study copes the time span from 2006 Q2 to 2019 Q4. The time series datasets, those are retrieved from CBT and FRED database are used in applied econometrical methods such as ADF, PP, Zivot Andrews Unit Root Tests, ARDL bounds testing approach, and the Granger Causality tests, to accomplish the statistical part of the research. Based on the findings, it was supported that there was a positive relationship between FDI and Trade. Additionally, the outputs of Granger causality test indicated that there is a unidirectional causality running from FDI to Trade (Export and Import).
</abstract>

Department of Finance and Economic theory

The Examination of the Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Trade in Turkey: ARDL Approach

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The concept of convexity plays an important role in the study of economics and consumer theory. For the most part, such studies have been conducted on the assumption that consumer preferences are a binary relation that is complete, reflexive and transitive on the set <italic>X</italic> of consumption choices. However, each consumer is a biological being with multidimensional physiological needs so that possible consumptions from different dimensions cannot be compared by using preferences. By removing that unrealistic assumption, this paper examines how the various concepts of convex preferences and relevant properties can be re-established. We derive a series of 10 formal propositions and construct 6 examples to show that (a) a weighted combination of two possible consumptions is not necessarily comparable with any of the consumptions; (b) not every convergent sequence of a consumer’s preferred consumptions asymptotically preserves that consumer’s preference preordering; (c) not all preferences satisfy either positive multiplicativity or additive conservation; (d) three types of preference convexities – weak convexity, convexity and strong convexity – can all be introduced into general convex spaces. This paper concludes with some research topics of expected significance for future works.
</abstract>

Various Convexities and Some Relevant Properties of Consumer Preference Relations

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Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series

 The Journal Studia Universitatis "Vasile Goldiş" Arad. Economic Sciences, ISSN 1584 - 2339 has a long history in contributing to the research in Economics-related fields of interest, since its first edition in 1990.  Until now, the journal has been published annually by "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, at its own Publishing House. Moreover, during the years Studia Universitatis "Vasile Goldiş" Arad. Economic Sciences has been evaluated by the National Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education of Romania in the B+ category, code 792 as recognition of its national visibility.  The principal purpose of the journal is to publish scholarly work in the Economic Sciences, promoting relevant and insightful research in all related fields, within a sound methodological framework. In this journal, the Editorial Board wants to provide high quality articles in the economics field. However, the objective regarding publishing the original contribution in the Economic Sciences filed does not infringe the interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches of the complex economic phenomenon and their connections. In this sense, many articles provide a strong enactment of law regarding the application and enactment the commercial law, civil law and tax law. The research published in the Journal is used to demonstrate the academic medium, students and specialist as the ways in solving different problems tackled by the different articles and authors. The econometric techniques and modelling relationship demonstrate the usefulness of different techniques in the solution of the different problems. Part of the articles published in this Journal are an improving path of the articles sustained at the different conferences organized by the University were different specialist gathered and debated some high relevant and important topics. The results of the research are directed also to some practical organizations in order to increase the practical usage of the economical techniques. Another part of the articles derived from different partial of final results of several research projects, fact that will increase the scientifical relevance. Finally, by using a specific structure of the article, meaning introduction, literature review, methodology, main finding results, discussion and conclusion will improve the understandings of the different research methods used in economic theory and practice in order to evaluate and assess more accurate the soundness of the final results of the research.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Why subscribe and read   High quality articles in the area of economics Articles published after a serious double blind review process with prestigious national and international reviewers Articles having a powerful economic research insight for both theoretical, econometrical and practical perspective Multidisciplinary, Transdisciplinary and Interdisciplinary approach of the articles   Why submit   The rejection rate is approximately 80% The Editors provide fast route for the publication process and fully access to DeGruyter e-technology International Scientific Board with high - quality research specialists around the world