<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Single well test is more common than aquifer test with having observation well, since the advantage of single well test is that the pumping test can be conducted on the production well with the absence of observation well. A kind of single well test, which is step-drawdown test used to determine the efficiency and specific capacity of the well, however in case of single well test it is possible to estimate Transmissivity, but the other parameter which is Storativity is overestimated, so the aim of this study is to analyze four pumping test data located in KAWRGOSK area by using cooper-Jacob’s (1946) time drawdown approximation of Theis method to estimate the aquifer parameters, also in order to determine the reasons which are affecting the reliability of the Storativity value and obtain the important aspect behind that in practice.</abstract>

Assist. Prof. PhD, Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Engineer, General Directorate of Dams and Reservoirs, Ministry of agricultural and water resources, Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Performing Pumping Test Data Analysis Applying Cooper-Jacob’s Method for Estimating of the Aquifer Parameters

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The cement based grouts, as functional performance composite materials, are widely used for both immobilisation and encapsulation as well as for stabilization in the field of inorganic waste management. Also, to ensure that low level radioactive waste (LLW) are contained for storage and ultimate disposal, they are encapsulated or immobilized in monolithic waste forms, with cement –based grouts.The paper includes some research data referring to cement based grout mix design for use as encapsulating/immobilizing system for low level radioactive waste. The work includes cement-based-grout mix design method used practically into establishing of the optimum grout mix based on the water/cement ratio, cement/sand ratio in order to achieve application requiered values of fluidity, segregation resistance, shrinkage and mechanical strengths. These engineering grout characteristics present relevance for simulation experiments of radionuclide leaching from LLW – cement grout encapsulation system.</abstract>

Lecturer, PhD, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Railways, Roads and Bridges

Professor, PhD, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Railways, Roads and Bridges

Practical Model of Cement Based Grout Mix Design, for Use into Low Level Radiation Waste Management

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This paper presents a global fire risk assessment by using fire simulation in an existing underground parking. The simulation is conducted with the Fire Dynamics Simulator, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool and the simulations are performed on a threedimensional model of the parking. Multiple parameters and factors are taken into account in this complex assessment, such as geometry data, ventilation openings (both mechanical and natural), fire detection and fire suppression details. The output of the case study is represented by a large array of data: the time for sprinkler activation, maximum temperatures, smoke flow and overall fire evolution. The intention of the authors is to provide a global fire risk assessment of the parking, based on the fire safety engineering principles.</abstract>

Fire Safety Evaluation of an Underground Car Park Using Numerical Simulation

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Wind load design of the ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) power plants requires interpretation of the design code considering the particularities of these structures. The PV power plants consist on systems of several solar panels. Wind load pressure coefficient evaluation, by design code, for a single solar panel considered as a canopy roof, neglect the group effect and the air permeability of the system. On the other hand, the canopy roofs are structures with medium serviceability, but the PV power plants are structures with low serviceability. This paper discuss the difficulties of the wind load design for the PV power plants ground mounted in Romania and compares the Romanian, German, European and American wind design code specifications with the parameters provided by the wind tunnel test, for this type of structures. For Romanian wind load design an evolution of the 1990, 2004 and 2012 editions of the design codes specifications is also studied. Evaluation of the internal resultants for the structural elements of the PV panel, considering the pressure coefficients and the force coefficients, conducts to different results. Further code explanations and design specifications are required for wind design of the PV power plants.</abstract>

Wind Load Design of Photovoltaic Power Plants by Comparison of Design Codes and Wind Tunnel Tests

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The paper proposes a numerical model to estimate the structural behaviour of a stickbuilt glazed curtain wall system subjected to an imposed displacement of the supports in the plane of the wall. We discuss the role of the parameters that influence on the maximum inter-storey drift corresponding to the service limit state of the wall. The considered parameters are the dimensions of the glazed panel, the gap between the panel and the aluminium frame and the gap between the supports and the mullions. We discuss the problem of remnant deformation of glazed panels, and of misalignment as serviceability criteria. Comparisons are made to laboratory testing results.</abstract>

Assistant Lecturer, PhD, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Industrial and Agricultural Buildings

Professor, PhD, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Industrial and Agricultural Buildings

THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CURTAIN WALLS: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON NUMERICAL MODELLING

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This paper presents a comparative evaluation among some international, European and American, seismic design standards. The study considers the criteria for the analysis of conventional (residential and commercial) buildings. The study is focused on some critical topics: definition of the recurrence periods for establishing the seismic input; definition of the seismic zonation and shape of the design response spectra; consideration of local soil conditions; definition of the seismic force-resisting systems and respective response modification coefficients; definition of the allowable procedures for the seismic analysis. A model for a standard reinforced concrete building (“Model Building”) has been developed to permit the comparison among codes. This building has been modelled with two different computer programs, SAP2000 and SOFiSTiK and subjected to seismic input according to the several seismic codes. The obtained results compared are leading to some important conclusions.</abstract>

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rua Rainha Guilhermina 74/801, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Technical University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest, Romania

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ana Arai - Graduated Student, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Comparative Study of Codes for Seismic Design of Structures

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Soil is considered an essential component of the factors that are affecting the structures. Due to the problems that are faced under various conditions while the structure is in use, the behavior of the soil is complex. The presence of cavities inside various types of soil, such as gypsum soil and the soil of some old towns, is one of its difficult problems. The formation of these cavities is due to natural and industrial causes, one of the natural causes being the dissolve of salts inside them. As for the industrial one, it is due to the presence of some old buildings. The presence of this type of cavities affects the life of the structures and as a result, it creates cracks in the foundation, therefore reducing the life of the structures.
The unexpected formation of cavities inside the soil was based mainly on some practical experiments for this research. Two cavities have been created inside the soil with different locations from the anchor to study the capacity of the anchor. The results showed that the presence of the cavity affects the capacity of the anchor according to its location from the plate as well as from the rod. The closer the cavity are to the plate; the capacity have been decreased by a certain percentage depending on the distance from the plate anchor.
</abstract>

Influence of double cavities on anchors capacity

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The present work uses a number of empirical models from geotechnical earthquake engineering (CPT-based liquefaction models) in combination with some geostatistics tools to assess the soil liquefaction potential over an extended area at the Airport of Algiers (Algeria), by the kriging approach. The SIG software program along with variograms and the kriging method were all applied together for the purpose of modeling the variation of the liquefaction potential (PL) against liquefaction in the region under study. This approach allowed determining the missing data in that region. This geostatistical method helped to draw maps at different soil depths. The results obtained revealed that the models developed were potentially capable of accurately estimating the needed data. This study made it possible to determine a number of parametric quantities that support the empirical correlation between the liquefaction potential index and liquefaction. The results show that the higher the standard deviation, the greater the uncertainty.
</abstract>

Mapping of the liquefaction index, case study

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The cumulated effects of climate changes and accelerated urban development, amplified by insufficient funding and/or capacity to implement proactive methods and strategies for monitoring and optimization of water supply systems negatively impact the operation and overall efficiency of these systems, generating considerable problems regarding public comfort and safety and also service costs. Out of all problems, the most tangible issues for the final user are the ones related to the distribution network – the closest system component. In order to address these problems, an integrated analysis of the conditions of each urban area is required, accounting for actual water demand, pressure requirements, network configuration, power consumption and development forecasts. This article presents the set of measures proposed for optimisation of the distribution network of Babadag Town from Romania, consisting of changes intended to improve the hydraulic capacity of the network and also on reducing the water loss based on water balance evaluation and hydraulic modelling of existing and proposed network configurations.
</abstract>

Distribution networks performance improvement by sectorisation and operating pressures reduction – case study: babadag town

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The region of Ain-Témouchent is a seismic zone; its land is predominately agricultural and shows complex structures, with many problems linked to the development of urbanized areas; these problems are directly or indirectly related to the geotechnical conditions of soil.
The purpose of the present research is to build a database from the different measurements carried out in the region, and to conduct tests in places where information is not available in order to consider the entire perimeter of the study area.
Once the database is completed, an analysis of all the data will be carried out using a numerical tool in order to establish the geotechnical map of the city. This map will certainly allow all decision-makers and designers to have clear and precise information when proposing or designing new structures.
The geotechnical mapping of Ain-Temouchent soils based on 178 observations divided these soils into ten groups. Eight of them according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS): CH (High plasticity clay), CL (Low plasticity clay), MH (High plasticity silt), ML (Low plasticity silt), SC (clayey sand), SM (Silty sand), GM (Silty gravel with sand), OH (organic soil of high plasticity). The other two groups are rocky soils: basalts (hard volcanic rock with high resistance), and limestone turf (sedimentary rock).
</abstract>

Elaboration of the geotechnical map of ain temouchent-city (Algeria)

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The sliding of dam base along dam-foundation rock interface during earthquake excitation can decrease the earthquake response of the dam. The present study reveals a numerical simulation of the seismic failure response for Oued Fodda concrete gravity dam, located in northwest of Algeria, considering base sliding. Nonlinear finite element analyses are performed for Oued Fodda damfoundation rock system. The Smeared crack approach is used to present cracking of dam concrete under the 1980 El Asnam earthquake (M7) using Willam and Warnke failure criterion. The hydrodynamic pressure of the reservoir water is modeled as added mass using the Westergaard approach. The sliding behavior of contractions joints is modeled by surface-surface contact elements that provide the friction contact at dam-foundation interface. Drucker-Prager model is considered for dam concrete in nonlinear analysis. According to numerical analyses, several cracks may appear due to tension particularly at middle upper parts located along the symmetry central axis of the dam in both upstream and downstream faces. Although the dam sliding on its foundation reduces the magnitude of principal tensile stresses in dam body; however, the reduction magnitude is generally not large enough to preclude the cracks propagation in dam body.
</abstract>

3D numerical simulation of seismic failure of concrete gravity dams considering base sliding

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The full expansion of the general formula, which calculates the money price of a forward contract at the end of the prearranged period T, makes us tangibly understand the relationship between time and money function {M(oney)=f [t(ime)]} in determining the purchase price/cost of a forward commodity. Similarly, in the case of the production process of construction, it has been shown that there is a time-money function {M(oney) = f [t(ime)]}, which determines the purchase price/cost of a technical commodity. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the possibility of studying and interpreting of the dynamic variations of the parameters that shape the final monetary exchange value of any construction as demonstrated by the time-money relationship and determined by research and financial management.
</abstract>

Forecasting Model of the Money Price of Any Technical Work During Construction Process in Any Time Instance Due to the Management of the Construction Contract as a Forward Commodity Contract

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Accurate assessment of air-flow in ventilated spaces is of major importance for achieving healthy and comfortable indoor environment conditions. The CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technique is nowadays one of the most used approaches in order to improve the indoor air quality in ventilated environments. Nevertheless, CFD has still two main challenges: turbulence modeling and experimental validation. As a result, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of different turbulence models potentially appropriate for the prediction of indoor airflow. Accordingly, results obtained with 6 turbulence models (standard k-ε model, RNG k-ε model, realizable k-ε model, LRN SST k-ω model, transition SST k-ω model and low Reynolds Stress-ω model) are thoroughly validated based on detailed experimental data. The configuration taken into account in this work corresponds to isothermal and anisothermal airflows produced by mixing ventilation systems in small enclosures at low room air changes per hour. In general, the transition SST k-ω model shows the better overall behavior in comparison with measurement values. Consequently, the application of this turbulence model is appropriate for air flows in ventilated spaces, being an interesting option to more sophisticated LES (Large Eddy Simulation) models as it requires less computational resources.</abstract>

Associate Professor, PhD, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Building Services engineering

PhD Student, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Building Services

Lecturer, PhD, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Building Services

Appropriate CFD Turbulence Model for Improving Indoor Air Quality of Ventilated Spaces

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Partition walls are often made of masonry in Romania. Although they are usually considered non-structural elements in the case of reinforced concrete framed structures, the infill panels contribute significantly to the seismic behaviour of the building. Their impact is difficult to assess, mainly because the interaction between the bounding frame and the infill is an intricate issue. This paper analyses the structural behaviour of a masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame system subjected to in - plane loading. Three numerical models are proposed and their results are compared in terms of stiffness and strength of the structure. The role of the openings in the infill panel on the behaviour is analysed and discussed. The effect of gaps between the frame and the infill on the structural behaviour is also investigated. Comparisons are made with the in-force Romanian and European regulations provisions.</abstract>

Associate Professor, PhD, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Industrial and Agricultural Buildings

Analysis Of Masonry Infilled RC Frame Structures Under Lateral Loading

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The authors in this paper describe the steps of creating a special program in GUI tool in Matlab. The program is designed to calculate the main properties of wheel-rail contact zone, such as: contact ellipse dimensions, normal stress and friction coefficients. All the relevant equations, which were introduced by different researchers, are firstly presented and modified to be applicable to the programming environment, and then the program was built. In the end, the program working quality is discussed and some expected future developments on this program are suggested. The proposed program can make the comparison between theoretical and experimental results, when they are available, easier and faster.</abstract>

Professor Doctor Engineer, Department of Railway vehicles and rolling stocks, Faculty of Transport, Polytechnic University of Bucharest

PhD. Student Engineer, Department of Railway vehicles and rolling stocks, Faculty of Transport, Polytechnic University of Bucharest

Determination of Wheel-Rail Contact Characteristics by Creating a Special Program for Calculation

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In recent years, the pounding effect during earthquake is a subject of high significance for structural engineers. In this paper, a state space formulation of the equation of motion is used in a MATLAB code. The pounding forces are calculated using nonlinear viscoelastic impact element. The numerical study is performed on SDOF structures subjected by 1940 EL-Centro and 1977 Vrancea N-S recording. While most of the studies available in the literature are related to Newmark implicit time integration method, in this study the equations of motion in state space form are direct integrated. The time domain is chosen instead of the complex one in order to catch the nonlinear behavior of the structures. The physical nonlinear behavior of the structures is modeled according to the Force Analogy Method. The coupling of the Force Analogy Method with the state space approach conducts to an explicit time integration method. Consequently, the collision is easily checked and the pounding forces are taken into account into the equation of motion in an easier manner than in an implicit integration method. A comparison with available data in the literature is presented.</abstract>

A State Space Formulation for the Evaluation of the Pounding Forces During Earthquake

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Modelling in Civil Environmental Engineering

The Journal of Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest

The roots of the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest (UTCB) go back in 1818 in the school of engineering concerning surveying and geodesy. In 1864 it became the "School of...

The roots of the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest (UTCB) go back in 1818 in the school of engineering concerning surveying and...