<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The aim of the article is to determine the course of transformation of family farming in Poland in recent years in terms of the industrial model and challenges related to its sustainability. The results of the 2010 and 2020 agricultural censuses, other public statistics data, and the literature on the subject were used to achieve this goal. Apart from the general characteristics of the transformation, the focus was on changes in labor inputs, resource productivity, and household income of individual farm users. The analysis showed that the development of agriculture does not differ from the general model of industrial transformation, including the following processes: commercialization, intensification, concentration, and specialization. However, new challenges are emerging, especially the need for putting agriculture on a sustainable track and the demographic, environmental, and economic conditions that require significant adjustments in the transformation of agriculture. Significant intervention by political institutions is needed, especially in creating eco-innovations and conditions for the use of new income opportunities, which also requires intensifying the cooperation of farmers themselves. It is also advisable to extend the scope of agricultural advisory services, going beyond the sphere of using public funds and conventional economics of farms.
</abstract>

Transformation of Family Farming in the Second Decade of the 21st Century

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The paper reviews 200 papers regarding environmentally adjusted analysis of agricultural efficiency found in the Scopus database. Based on the PRISMA method the scope of the review was limited to papers where efficiency is assessed with data envelopment analysis (DEA) or stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The aim of this paper is to identify how efficiency analysis can be enhanced to take into account environmental aspects of agricultural production and indicate the research trends and gaps. Regarding the trends, most of the studies refer to agriculture in Europe, with a noticeable increasing trend in Asia. The production directions under research mainly include crops or milk production, usually in the farm scale. It can also be observed that a typical economic efficiency model is developed to include new environmentally detrimental inputs or undesirable outputs, such as fertilizing, climate impact, crop protection, water footprint, and energy usage. The most common determinants were farmers features, scale of production, intensification, agricultural practices, quality of the production environment, macroeconomic environment, specialization, environmental practices, and farm features. The following research gaps were identified. The case studies of Africa and North America are limited, like those at the field and local levels as well as those related to horticultural and animal production other than milk production. The SFA approaches are underdeveloped in comparison with DEA, like approaches other than additional inputs/outputs. In particular, the by-production approach seems promising. Limited attention has been paid to soil condition, biodiversity, waste generation in agriculture, and positive externalities provided by the agriculture. An interesting and less investigated area in terms of performance determinants remain farmers’ behavioral features.
</abstract>

PhD, Poznań University of Economics and Business

Department of Macroeconomics and Agricultural Economics

PhD, DSc, ProfTit, Poznań University of Economics and Business

Environmentally Adjusted Analysis of Agricultural Efficiency: A Systematic Literature Review of Frontier Approaches

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The main purpose of this paper was to identify the resource conditions for the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in the European Union (EU), Japan, Canada, Vietnam, and Mercosur countries. The study proved that these countries demonstrate a strong competitive potential. The largest labor resources are found in the Vietnamese agriculture, even though it has witnessed an outflow of 40% of its workforce over the recent years. The EU exhibits high levels of gross fixed capital formation in the agricultural sector. Conversely, the Vietnamese agriculture recorded the fastest growth in capital expenditure. Canada and Mercosur countries have a considerable area of agricultural land and a concentrated agrarian structure, and thus can benefit from economies of scale which, in turn, determine their global competitiveness. It is the opposite in Japan and Vietnam, with over 90% of farms having an area up to 5 ha.
</abstract>

Conditions for the Competitiveness of the Agricultural Sector in the EU, Japan, Canada, Vietnam, and Mercosur Countries

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The expected utility theory/hypothesis (EUT/ET) by von Neumann and Morgenstern has become the subject of criticism and efforts to improve it already at the moment of presenting its complete axiomatic form (1953). The broadest analysis was carried out by Kahneman and Tversky using the prospect theory (PT). However, it was not carefully prepared. The above two were helped in 1982 by Quiggin with his extension of the EUT in the form of the rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU). This was followed by Kahneman and Tversky in 1992 boasted the second version of the prospect theory, i.e., the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). It became the most competitive proposal to the EUT, although later other researchers added new elements to it. In this way, the subsequent generations of the PT were created. Today there are five in total. It soon became apparent that the PT also did not satisfactorily explain various cases of decision-making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Upon closer analysis, however, it turned out that the PT was in fact a generalization of the EUT. Both theories are tools for modeling insurance decisions, including agriculture. In this context, the main aim of the article is to present the principles and the results of applying them in agricultural insurance. The analysis shows that the pragmatic solution at present is the combined use of both theories, with the EUT usually being the reference point.
</abstract>

Expected Utility and Prospect Theories Versus Agricultural Insurance

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The aim of the study was to identify the most important determinants of farms coopetition in the agri-food sector on the example of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province. Using the survey questionnaire, the research was carried out in 2021 on a research sample of 155 entities (farms, economic self-government units, trade associations, processing undertakings, and government agencies dealing with issues related to food economy and rural development had the largest share). The results show that the respondents were aware of the potential benefits of coopetition; they primarily pointed to the opportunities to increase sales, reduce costs, and gain greater bargaining power in relations with suppliers and recipients. Defining the basic barriers to the development of coopetition in the agri-food sector, the respondents indicated, above all, low awareness of part of the business environment, the reluctance of companies to cooperate with each other, and the lack of coopetition development models. In the institutional dimension, a special role in the implementation of coopetition should be attributed to advisory entities, economic self-government, trade associations, and scientific institutions. Conditions for the development of farm coopetition in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province include not only endogenous, but above all exogenous factors shaping the possibilities of greater involvement of the surveyed entities in strategic cooperation in the agri-food sector. It was concluded that the coopetition gap of farms can be significantly reduced by greater involvement in integration processes, e.g., in the food industry. It is also very important to inspire integration activities by regulatory institutions related to the economic development of the region.
</abstract>

Conditions for Coopetition of Farms in the Agri-Food Sector on the Example of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province

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Volume 374 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

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Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

 The quarterly Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej / Problems of Agricultural Economics is the oldest and most representative journal in Poland dealing with agri-food economics and related disciplines. Since its beginning, it has been the main forum for presenting the key scientific and research findings, fuelling scientific disputes, forming new theories and concepts of practical solutions, conducting discussions around the methodology of scientific research. Published articles are dedicated to the fields of agricultural economics and policy, food industry and trade, rural areas development, globalization and regionalization, sustainability, environment protection, bioeconomy, climate changes, innovations and digital technologies, risk management and insurances, as well as finance and marketing.   The journal reaches out to many foreign research centres to serve as an important tool for exchange of information on current directions in research between the Polish and international readership. With contribution from leading international scholars, the journal promotes new developments in research and methods of analysis.     Preference is given to original articles that test, extend or build strong theoretical frameworks while empirically investigating the issues. All empirical methods, including, but not limited to, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed ones, are welcome.     The journal publishes full-texts of papers in Open Access. All papers are made available under the Creative Commons CC BY (Attribution) international license. The papers available on the website from 2014 are in Polish and English. Since 2016, the primary version of the journal has been the online English version. The website www.zer.waw.pl features full texts of papers published from 2009 as well as other selected archival issues.     The Publisher of the journal – Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute – is a member of Crossref; therefore all articles published in the journal are assigned a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). Moreover, the Editorial Team uses the Crossref Similarity Check.     The journal is indexed in the following databases: Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index), CABI, ERIH Plus, Agro, BazEkon, CeON, CEJSH, SIGŻ, AgEcon Search, SSRN, and ICI Journals Master List.     According to the Communication from the Minister for Education and Science dated 1 December 2021 concerning the list of scientific journals and materials from international conferences, the journal Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej / Problems of Agricultural Economics scored 40 points.     There is no charge for submitting to the journal.     NOTE: Polish authors are requested to submit their manuscripts in both Polish and English.   Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

Volume 374 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

Transformation of Family Farming in the Second Decade of the 21^st Century

Environmentally Adjusted Analysis of Agricultural Efficiency: A Systematic Literature Review of Frontier Approaches

Conditions for the Competitiveness of the Agricultural Sector in the EU, Japan, Canada, Vietnam, and Mercosur Countries

Expected Utility and Prospect Theories Versus Agricultural Insurance

Conditions for Coopetition of Farms in the Agri-Food Sector on the Example of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province

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