There is no Such Thing as a Child

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-014_s_001"><h3>Background:</h3><p>We have limited knowledge of the impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on the daily functioning of young preschool children.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-014_s_002"><h3>Objective:</h3><p>This study investigated the level of impairment related to symptoms of ADHD in different functional domains. It also addressed how impairment caused by ADHD was related to ADHD subtype, symptom load, gender, and the co-occurrence of oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or both.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-014_s_003"><h3>Method:</h3><p>Participating children (N = 807) who were 3.5 years old were recruited from a population-based sample included in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Children who scored above the 90th percentile for ADHD symptoms were included in the present sample. The assessment of the symptoms and functional impairment described in the <italic toggle="yes">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition</italic>, text revision, was based on parental ratings and the semi-structured psychiatric interview entitled “The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment.”</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-014_s_004"><h3>Results:</h3><p>Added burden and discord within family relationships were the areas that were most severely affected. All domain scores were strongly intercorrelated, and they were added to each childâ€™s total score. Children with symptoms of ADHD, inattentive type (mean [M], 3.5; standard deviation [SD], 3.4), or ADHD, hyperactive/impulsive type (M, 2.9; SD, 2.7), were significantly less impaired than children with symptoms of ADHD, combined type (M = 6.4; SD = 3.8; <italic toggle="yes">p</italic> ` .001). Furthermore, co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder was associated with higher impairment scores (M, 6.1; SD, 4.3) than ADHD alone (M, 3.2; SD, 2.9; <italic toggle="yes">p</italic> ` .001. About 30% of the variance of impairment score of ADHD was explained by symptoms of ADHD and co-occurring symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Few gender differences were observed.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-014_s_005"><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>Overall, these non-referred young children with clinical symptoms of ADHD were only modestly impaired. Impairment related to ADHD occurred mainly in the areas of family functioning, and it was associated with ADHD subtype and comorbidity. Still, it is important to assess the impact of ADHD symptoms and coexisting difficulties among preschoolers to identify children and families who are in need of early intervention efforts.</p></sec></abstract>

Impairment in Young Preschool Children with Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Co-occurring Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-015_s_001"><h3>Objectives:</h3><p>Suicide is still one of the leading causes of youth mortality, and amongst others previous suicide attempts have been found to be one of the strongest risk factors for suicide. The objective of this study is to examine risk factors of suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. It is expected that anxious attachment, high scores on negative affectivity and low scores on past and present social support were correlated to an increased risk of life-time suicide attempts in both female and male adolescents.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-015_s_002"><h3>Method:</h3><p>Analyses were conducted based on data from The Faroese Adolescent Trauma Study, a self-report questionnaire survey including a total population of Faroese eighth graders (<italic toggle="yes">N</italic> = 687; 85 % response rate, mean age 14.2 years, <italic toggle="yes">SD</italic> = 2.1). The questionnaire included The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), The Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), and The Crisis Support Scale (CSS).</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-015_s_003"><h3>Results:</h3><p>In the total population 9.9 % (N = 68) of the participants reported life-time suicide attempt; of those 28 % were boys and 72 % were girls. In line with the expectations, the initial comparison showed that adolescents reporting life-time suicide attempt had significantly higher scores on attachment anxiety and negative affectivity, and had significantly lower scores on attachment closeness, and both past and present social support. Further analyses stratified on gender, however, revealed unexpected results, as a high score on negative affectivity only was a significant risk factor for life-time suicide attempt among the girls, and high score on attachment closeness only was a significant protective factor of life-time suicide attempt among the boys.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-015_s_004"><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>This study provides important data about the role of attachment, negative affectivity, and social support in suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. Moreover the results show the necessity of taking gender into account in research of risk and protective factors of suicide attempts, and when establishing arrangements to prevent and treat suicide attempts in adolescents.</p></sec></abstract>

Risk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Parental rearing practices such as over-involvement are associated with childhood anxiety; however, little is known about the contribution of parental perceptions to child anxiety. This study explores the relationship between maternal and paternal perceptions of parenting and childhood anxiety. The perceived rearing behaviors and parental sense of competence (i.e., satisfaction and efficacy) of the parents of anxious children (n = 59) were compared with those of a non-clinical control sample (n = 44). In line with the findings from the literature that addresses externalizing disorders, parental sense of competence was significantly associated with childhood outcomes. Logistical regression suggested that paternal efficacy beliefs, acceptance, and maternal satisfaction were associated with an absence of clinical anxiety and lower levels of anxiety symptoms in children. Parental perceptions may thus provide an important area for understanding childhood anxiety.</p></abstract>

Exploring the Contribution of Parental Perceptions to Childhood Anxiety

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-017_s_001"><h3>Background:</h3><p>Although strong parental achievement values have been associated with positive outcomes among children (e.g., academic success), they have also been connected to emotional problems. The latter effect may be the result of pressure related to such things as parental comparison of filial achievement, which appears to be more predominant among immigrant parents as compared with non-immigrant parents.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-017_s_002"><h3>Objectives:</h3><p>Our goals were to assess the following: 1) whether higher levels of parental achievement values and comparison are found among immigrant preadolescents; and (2) whether comparison (i.e., comparing a child’s achievements with those of siblings and peers) can account for the link between strong parental achievement values and emotional problems among the children of immigrants.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-017_s_003"><h3>Methods:</h3><p>The sample included 902 preadolescents between the ages of 10 and 12 years from two Norwegian cities: Oslo (79%) and Bergen (21%). Forty-seven percent of the sample had immigrant parents, and the others had non-immigrant parents. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by fifth, sixth, and seventh graders from fourteen schools during normal school hours; the questionnaires were completed after school by students from Turkey and Sri Lanka. The questionnaire included measures of emotional problems, parental achievement values, comparison, and school hassles. We used a moderated mediation model to test whether the relationship between parental achievement values and emotional problems was accounted for by comparison and to look at whether this mediation was stronger for preadolescents with immigrant backgrounds as compared with their non-immigrant peers. Background and academic factors that could confound the unique relationships among the main variables were adjusted for in the analyses.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-017_s_004"><h3>Results:</h3><p>The association between parental achievement values and emotional problems was found to be mediated by comparison. Higher levels of parental achievement values were associated with more comparison, and this relationship was stronger for preadolescents with immigrant backgrounds. Comparison was only linked to emotional problems in preadolescents with immigrant backgrounds.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-017_s_005"><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>This study suggests that stronger parental achievement values among immigrants as compared with non-immigrants in Norway are found as early as preadolescence and that comparison may be part of the link between strong parental achievement values and emotional problems.</p></sec></abstract>

Preadolescents with Immigrant Backgrounds: The Relationship between Emotional Problems, Parental Achievement Values, and Comparison

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-018_s_001"><h3>Background and Objective:</h3><p>Binge drinking is a relatively common behavior among adolescents in Denmark. The aim of this study is to assess whether peer alcohol drinking, mothersâ€™ and fathersâ€™ attitudes toward alcohol drinking, and the adolescentsâ€™ own financial situations (e.g., the presence of pocket money) predict binge drinking among adolescents in Denmark.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-018_s_002"><h3>Methods:</h3><p>This study is based on the Danish data from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, which took place in 2011. This cross-sectional survey obtained data from 2765 adolescents who were in grade 9 in Denmark at that time. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between the outcome variable of binge drinking and the exposure variables of alcohol-drinking peers, pocket money, and motherâ€™s/fatherâ€™s approval of intoxication.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-018_s_003"><h3>Results:</h3><p>The risk of binge drinking increased with the number of alcohol-drinking peers (trend test, <italic toggle="yes">p</italic> ` .0001) and with the amount of pocket money spent (trend test, <italic toggle="yes">p</italic> ` .0001. The association between the motherâ€™s approval of intoxication and binge drinking is complex. Boys had a higher risk of binge drinking (odds ratio, 2.2 [1.1-4.3]) if their mothers approved of their intoxication with alcohol; however, this association was not seen among girls (odds ratio, 1.0 [0.5-2.0]). There was no significant association between the fatherâ€™s approval of intoxication and binge drinking.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjcapp-2014-018_s_004"><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>The proportion of alcohol-drinking peers and the amount of pocket money spent appear to be determinants of adolescent binge drinking. The motherâ€™s approval of intoxication appears to be a determinant for binge drinking among boys but not among girls. The fatherâ€™s approval of intoxication does not appear to be a determinant of binge drinking.</p></sec></abstract>

Determinants of Binge Drinking among Adolescents in Denmark

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Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

 We are pleased to inform you that Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology has been selected for coverage in Clarivate Analytics products and services. Beginning with V. 5 2017, this publication will be indexed and abstracted in Emerging Sources Citation Index.    The Journal Citation Indicator 2022 - 0.31   ICV 2020 = 100.00    From volume 2019 the journal is published in a continous format.   The journal owner and founding editor is Ole Jakob Storebø.   Focus and Scope   The Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology (SJCAPP) is an international scientific journal of research and practice covering a broad scope of high value articles in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology. The journal publishes quantitative and qualitative research on: diagnosis, assessment, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatments, behavior, cognition, epidemiology, development, training, cross cultural issues, neuroscience and genetic aspects related to mental disorders in children, adolescents and families. The journal also welcomes interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary submission if relevant for childhood psychopathology. The journal’s readership covers all disciplines relevant to the field, and thus publishes concise and well written papers only, avoiding jargon and technicism. The Journal publishes short and full length original papers, systematic and narrative reviews, case studies, letters, theoretical articles including perspectives and debate, and book reviews.   Publication fee   SJCAPP is a non-profit journal, but we will have to start charging a publication fee to cover our direct publication costs. The article processing charges (APCs) will be 600 Euro per article. All the editorial functions are based on voluntary work. No other charges apply.   Peer Review Process   All papers will undergo editorial screening. Original articles, reviews, and case studies will be blindly peer- reviewed by at least two peer reviewers. Peer reviewers are asked to submit their review within three (3) weeks. All articles will be fast-tracked through the peer-review and editorial process and we will endeavour to publish accepted papers within 2 weeks of final acceptance.   Publication Frequency   SJCAPP publishes accepted papers online immediately after completion of peer-review and editorial processes. Papers will subsequently be collated as quarterly editions for indexing and citation purposes.   Open Access Policy   This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license users are free to share the work (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format), if the contribution is properly attributed and used for non-commercial purposes. The material published in the journal may not be altered or built upon.   Journal History   The Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology (SJCAPP) was founded in 2012 by a group of researchers and clinicians from Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Denmark. Their aim was to establish an open-access, peer-reviewed, and fast-track outlet for child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology which would engage clinicians and researchers in a constructive dialogue and offer readers interested in child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology free access to high quality, scientific information in all areas of the discipline.     Rejection rate: 2022: 41%   Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 