<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0004_s_006">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The challenge facing NGOs in most developing countries is the need to emerge as valuable forces that affect development in order to improve the living conditions of the people in several communities. Funding is necessary for the survival and development of these NGOs. Research aims: This study, therefore, sought to find out the efect of financial resource mobilisation strategies on the sustainability of NGOs in Nigeria, with particular reference to the Minna metropolis.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0004_s_007">
<h3>Research aims</h3>
<p>The purposive sampling technique was used to select 118 staf from 50 NGOs as a sample size for the study. Three alternative hypotheses were raised to be tested at P&lt;.05 and a structured questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and the Ordinary Least Square method of estimation.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0004_s_008">
<h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>The result revealed the existence of a statistically significant and positive relationship between private contributions and the sustainability of NGOs, a positive but insignificant relationship between commercial activities and sustainability of NGOs, and an inverse relationship between government funding and sustainability of NGOs.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0004_s_009">
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>The study established that private contributions affect the sustainability of NGOs to a very large extent; government funding does not improve the sustainability of NGOs, and commercial activities do not have a significant impact on the sustainability of NGOs. Consequently, the study recommended that management and staf of NGOs should create more awareness about their operations in order to attract better contributions from private individuals and organisations.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Financial Resource Mobilisation Strategies and Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs): Evidence from Nigeria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0005_s_007">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>Sustainable development of employees is based primarily on practices oriented towards caring for the relationship between the employer and employee. In this approach, the employee's and the employer's perception of mutual obligations, the employee's belief in the conditions for the exchange of mutual experiences with the employer, and mutual obligations resulting from establishing an employer-employee relationship become important factors and elements of the sustainable development strategy of employees. A growing number of soundscape studies involve a psychological contract literature. However, outcomes have not yet been thoroughly reviewed. The need for a study with this purpose is proven by the fact that academic literature lacks a systematic review of this topic, despite the ascending trend in the number of published articles in the field. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the main outcomes of a psychological contract in public organisations.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0005_s_008">
<h3>Research aims</h3>
<p>The purpose of this literature review was to identify the main effects of psychological contracting in public organisations. We also aimed to collect fragmented academic knowledge produced by pertinent studies.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0005_s_009">
<h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>This article adopts the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to conduct the systematic literature review. The final sample of 41 empirical and conceptual studies were scientifically screened and synthesised.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0005_s_010">
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>This study establishes that a psychological contract is a complex phenomenon influencing individual, group, and organisational outcomes directly. The application of a systematic literature review demonstrates the importance of a psychological contract for public organisations. The review suggests an agenda for further research and identifies practical implications for public organisations.</p></sec></abstract>

In Search of Outcomes of a Psychological Contract in Public Organisation

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0006_s_013">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>Budgetary participation has a positive impact on a variety of emotional and behavioural responses. However, the review of empirical studies conducted in Tunisia reveals a low participation rate among operating managers in the budget control systems of their companies.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0006_s_014">
<h3>Research aims</h3>
<p>The purpose of this study is to understand, from a contingency perspective, the practices of budgetary participation in Tunisian companies. It aims to explore forms of budgetary participation practised by Tunisian companies and examine to what extent Tunisian cultural variables explain these budgetary behaviours.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0006_s_015">
<h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>A qualitative methodology based on a single case study was used. The data collected were the subject of a thematic content analysis.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_ijcm-2021-0006_s_016">
<h3>Findings</h3>
<p>The results show that the Tunisian companies have serious difficulties engaging in budgetary participation. Several factors hinder the implementation and operation of this budgetary practice. The primary factors include personality variables that, although interact with cultural values rooted in Tunisian society, create a psychological inconsistency between the ideal environment for the development and success of a participative approach and the environment of the Tunisian company.</p></sec></abstract>

Budget behaviour and cultural contingencies: case study in a Tunisian company

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International Journal of Contemporary Management

 The International Journal of Contemporary Management (IJCM) aims to contribute to the development of research, new insights and the challenges to current thinking around the field of contemporary management. IJCM publishes empirical research, conceptual and thought pieces from both researchers and practitioners that focus on the subject of contemporary management across national boundaries and diverse cultures. The aim of IJCM is to provide up-to-date information on new developments and trends within contemporary management, and to enable a community of researchers and practitioners to exchange their diversity and inclusion ideas, develop and contribute to current research agendas and to progress the development of both the theoretically and practical notions of contemporary management within various emerging, and non-maintained contexts. This is an open, multidisciplinary forum welcoming articles that cross discipline boundaries and/or address contemporary management.　  IJCM invites conceptual papers alongside empirical research irrespective of whether a qualitative or quantitative approach is used. However, it is key to the ethos of the journal that all manuscripts include some organizational aspect to "management". 　  Subject areas include, but are not limited to:　   management: managers, leadership, and managing　  values, attitudes, emotions, the culture of the contemporary manager　  the environment of contemporary management　  ethics of contemporary management　  managing in the global environment　  decision making, planning, strategy, learning, creativity, entrepreneurship　  organizational control, change, motivation performance 　  managing critical organizational processes　  promoting effective communication　  advanced information technology within contemporary management.   Publication of a paper is free for authors. The journal has been published continuously since 2002. Archival issues available here: www.ejournals.eu/ijcm.   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

International Journal of Contemporary Management

Volume 57 (2021): Issue 2 (June 2021)

Research Article

Financial Resource Mobilisation Strategies and Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs): Evidence from Nigeria

In Search of Outcomes of a Psychological Contract in Public Organisation

Budget behaviour and cultural contingencies: case study in a Tunisian company

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