<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The study investigated the bioactive constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Platycerium bifucartum leaves. Chloroform fraction of P. bifurcatum was prepared by partitioning the ethanol extract with chloroform and water. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. Fourier transformer-infrared (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used in the characterization of the bioactive compounds. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the chloroform fraction were evaluated using standard protocols. The fourier transformer-infrared analysis showed the presence of C=O, OH, CHO, C-F and -NH functional groups. GC/MS characterization gave benzeneethaneamine (33.3%), 2-amino-1-(4-methylphenyl) propane (17.04%), hydroxyurea (30.26%) and epinephrine (13.26). The extract inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolates. The fraction exhibited antioxidant properties that were comparable with ascorbic acid. The presence of these compounds showed that the leaves of Platycerium bifurcatum can be used for the treatment of some bacterial diseases.</abstract>

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Chloroform Fraction of Platycerium Bifurcatum

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of bees gastrointestinal Lactobacillus spp. of against Paenibacillus larvae. Content of the intestinal tract was cultured for isolation of Lactobacillus spp. Gut homogenates were plated on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS, Oxoid) plates and incubated for 48-72h at 30°C anaerobically. Then, the identification of isolates with MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper was done. The bacterial strains Lactobacillus gasseri, L. amylovorus, L. kunkeei, L. fructivorans, Paenibacillus larvae were isolated from gut content of bees. The disc diffusion method was used for the determination of antimicrobial activities of the Lactobacillus supernatant against two strains of Paenibacillus larvae. The best antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus against Paenibacillus larvae from gut was found in L. gasseri supernatant. Lesser degree of antimicrobial activity against P. larvae was found in L. kunkeei supernatant. The strongest antibacterial activity against P. larvae CCM 4438 was found in L. gasseri and L. amylovorus and the least antibacterial activity was found in L. fructivorans.</abstract>

Antibacterial Activity of Bees Gut Lactobacilli against Paenibacillus Larvae In Vitro

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Global warming and soil salinity are major constraints threat speared of Mediterranean endogenous flora, however little is known about the effect of these phenomena on seed germination patterns, particularly in Algeria. Germination test under laboratory controlled conditions had been carried out using seeds of Marrubium vulgare, Sideritis incana and Stachys ocymastrum. Seeds were submitted at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C, after that and within optimum temperatures, various sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 34, 68, 102 and 136 mM were set to evaluated salinity effect. Germination was more satisfactory on temperatures ranged between 15 and 25 °C. Whereas, increased or decreased temperatures from the optimum bring to germination fall. High seed germination capacity had been showed on non-saline solution. While, germination had depressed by enhanced NaCl solution up to 136 Mm in which Final Germination Percentage are either significantly decreased (for S. ocymastrum seeds 18% germination) or absolutely inhibited (for M. vulgare and S. incana seeds), as well Initial Germination Day are delayed. Overall, data showed that germination patterns response varies among species, given that seed germination is remarkably limited by extremes temperatures and salinity.</abstract>

Evaluation of the Tolerance to Temperature and Salinity on Seed Germination of Three Lamiacea from Algerian Scrubland

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Ni, Co, Pb, Cd and Hg in the muscle, hepatopankreas, kidney and gonads of European chub (Squalius cephalus) from the middle course of the Nitra River, during spring and autumn seasons by AAS method. The concentrations of metals (mg.kg-1 wet weight) in the muscle ranged as follows: Ni 0.15-1.18, Co 0.09-0.58, Pb 0.39-1.66, Cd 0.04-0.29, Hg 0.85-2.71. Statistically significant differences among individual tissues, as well as between seasons have been recorded. Higher metals concentrations were detected in inner organs than in muscle. Permissible limits for safe consumption in the case of Pb, Cd and Hg have been exceeded in 100%, 95% and 100%, respectively. Currently, for the Co and Ni are not set any permissible limits.</abstract>

Distribution of Heavy Metals (Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, Hg) in Tissues of European Chub (Squalius cephalus L.) from the Middle Course of the Nitra River, Slovakia

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The rural development grants - among others - help to promote the competitiveness of the agricultural activities. Plantations take great interest in the southeastern part of Hungary. Farmers need to make soil tests before plantation of fruit and grape. We investigated the distribution of the main physical characteristics in this area. For the establishment of vineyards, the areas were adequate according to the pH, and salt content. The results of the soil tests show some strong relationships between the determined physical parameters.</abstract>

Some Aspects of the Soil Physical Status of the Vine Plantations in the Context of Rural Development

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> A total of 46 Swiss alpine does were examined. We analysed the composition of the milk and evaluated the body condition of the animals (BCS: 0.5 to 4.5 scale) on the same day in the last third of lactation. Goats were grouped according to their body condition for statistical calculations. We found that there was a statistically detectable relationship between body condition and milk composition of the goats. Together with the increase of BCS, the fat, protein and mineral contents in the milk increased as well. Significantly more fat, protein and mineral contents were found in the milk (6.01%;3.55%; 0,98%) in case of the well-conditioned (BCS 3.5) animals than in the thin ones (BCS 1.5-2) (4.56%, 3.11%, 0.77%) (P&lt;5%). The concentration of milk sugar was similar between thin and better conditioned groups of animals, so the body condition did not affect these values. The importance of our study is that, the high fat and protein content of milk increases the yield of dairy products. If the animals can produce milk that has higher fat and protein content, than we can produce more dairy products that will bring more economic benefits. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of body condition on milk yield and quality (milk composition) in dairy goats.</abstract>

The Relationship between Body Condition and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats

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