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<DIV align=justify> <A href="https://icess.ase.ro/">The International Conferences on Economics and Social Sciences (ICESS)</A>organized by Bucharest University of Economic Studies provide an opportunity for all those interested in Economics and Social Sciences to discuss and exchange research ideas. The papers presented at the Conference are available online in the Conference Proceedings series (ISSN 2704-6524): Volume 2019 <A href="https://sciendo.com/book/9788366675322/">Collaborative Research for Excellence in Economics and Social Sciences</A>, ISBN 9788366675322 Volume 2020 <A href="https://sciendo.com/book/9788395815072/">Innovative Models to Revive the Global Economy</A>, ISBN 9788395815072 Volume 2021 <A href="https://sciendo.com/book/9788366675704/">Resilience and Economic Intelligence Through Digitalization and Big Data Analytics</A>, ISBN 9788366675704 Volume 2022 <A href="https://sciendo.com/book/9788367405072">Fostering recovery through metaverse business modelling</A>, ISBN 9788367405072 During 2020, leaders found themselves at a historic crossroads, taking decisions under remarkable pressures and uncertainties. However, windows of opportunity are being created to shape the economic recovery, restore the health of the environment, develop sustainable business models, strengthen regional development, revitalize global cooperation, harness Industry 4.0, and redesign the social contracts, skills, and jobs. This conference provides an opportunity for all those interested in Economics and Social Sciences to discuss and exchange research ideas especially in the light of recent crisis determined by COVID-19. We welcome both empirical and theoretical work that is broadly consistent with the conference’ general theme. Especially, researchers, PhD students and practitioners are invited to submit papers on the topics related to new models in entrepreneurship and innovation, sustainability and education, data science and digitalization, marketing and finance etc. that will develop innovative instruments for countries, businesses and education to revive after the crisis. The main topics of the conference are focused on, but not limited to, the following sections: • Applied Economics and Statistics and Data Science • The role of innovation in public and private organizations in context of digital transformation • Financial perspectives in turbulent times • Global Challenges for Agri-Food Systems and Sustainable Development • Universities and community impact • Economic Policies for Non-Cyclical Crises • Innovative Technopreneurship and Sustainable Business Models • Marketing and Sustainability • The role of accounting in Sustainable Development • Global world after crisis: towards a new economic model • Resilience and Digitalization - key strategies for successful business in critical times • Current challenges within demographic data: measurement, collection, retrieval, analysis and reporting • Business Law and Sustainable Development • Branding and training talented researchers for new entrepreneurial and digital society SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE 2021 Mirela ACELEANU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Lucian ALBU, Academia Română, Romania Răzvan Cătălin DOBREA, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Javier ARROYO GALLARDO, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Marcel AUSLOOS, Leicester University, United Kingdom Diego BEGALLI, University of Verona, Italy Francesco BELLINI, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Ștefan BRATOSIN, Universite Montpellier 3, France André CABANIS, Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole, France Herbert CASTERAN, EM Strasbourg University, France Silvian CENȚIU, Retina Communications, San Francisco, USA Roy CERQUETI, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Gilbert CHAVEZ, Globis University Tokyo, Japan Cristian CHELARIU, Suffolk University, USA Ionela COSTICĂ, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Michael COX, London School of Economics, England, United Kingdom Fabrizio D’ASCENZO, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Marian DÂRDALĂ, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Carmen-Elena DOROBĂȚ, Manchester Metropolitan University Business School, United Kingdom Dan Gabriel DUMITRESCU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Ovidiu DUMITRU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Erich Walter FARKAS, University of Zurich, Switzerland Liliana FELEAGĂ, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Luis Miguel FONSECA, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Manuel GARCÍA-GOÑI, Universitad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Paolo GIUDICI, The University of Pavia, Italy Aleksandar GRUBOR, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Wolfgang Karl HÄRDLE, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany Gheorghe HURDUZEU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Nicolae ISTUDOR, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Kyoko KOKUSHO, IBM Tokyo, Japan Mariarosaria LOMBARDI, University of Foggia, Italy Babak MEHMANPAZIR, EM Strasbourg University, France Dumitru MIRON, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Anna Vadimovna NABIRUKHINA, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia Elvira NICA, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Peter NIJKAMP, Jeronimus Academy of Data Science, Den Bosch, Netherlands Maria Isabel NOVO CORTI, Universidade da Coruña, Spain Javier ORDÓÑEZ MONFORT, Jaume I University, Spain Roberto PANETTA, Bocconi University, Italy Dorel Mihai PARASCHIV, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Xose PICATOSTE, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain Grigore PIROȘCĂ, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Sébastien POINT, EM Strasbourg University, France Ion POPA, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Marius Constantin PROFIROIU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Peter RICHMOND, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, United Kingdom Roxana SÂRBU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Slavica SINGER, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia Ion SMEUREANU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Tănase STAMULE, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Radu STATE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Mirela STOIAN, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Vasile Alecsandru STRAT, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Donna STREET, University of Dayton, USA José Pedro TEIXEIRA DOMINGUES, University of Minho, Portugal Gabriela ȚIGU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Carlos Ramirez VALDEBENITO, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile Călin Petrică VEGHEȘ, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Peter VERHOEF, University of Groningen, Netherlands Christine Katharina VOLKMANN, Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, Wuppertal, Germany Berend WIERENGA, Rotterdam School of Management, Netherlands Michael WOODS, University of Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom Klaus F. ZIMMERMANN, Bonn University (em.) Global Labor Organization (president), Germany Open Access Statement These conference proceedings are Open Access proceedings that allow a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. Open Access License These conference proceedings provide immediate open access to its content under the <A href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0</A>. Authors who publish with these proceedings retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned <A href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license</A>. Online submission platform - Editorial Manager <A href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/icess/default1.aspx">https://www.editorialmanager.com/icess/default1.aspx</A>

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences

The Impact of Fiscal Freedom, Government Effectiveness and Human Development Index on the VAT GAP in the European Union

The Impact of Fiscal Freedom, Government Effectiveness and Human Development Index on the VAT GAP in the European Union

Frontmatter

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Frontmatter"}}

Contents

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Contents"}}

Foreword

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Foreword"}}

Considerations Regarding the Management of Organizational Culture

Considerations Regarding the Management of Organizational Culture

Challenges of Modern Public Management from a Human Resources Perspective

Challenges of Modern Public Management from a Human Resources Perspective

Global Economy in the COVID-19 Era. The Impact of the Pandemic on the Economic and Financial Systems

Global Economy in the COVID-19 Era. The Impact of the Pandemic on the Economic and Financial Systems

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Real Estate Industry in Romania

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Real Estate Industry in Romania

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and the Protection of the Competitiveness of EU Aluminium Producers

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and the Protection of the Competitiveness of EU Aluminium Producers

The Role of Foreign Direct Investments in the Georgian Economy: Statistical Analyses

The Role of Foreign Direct Investments in the Georgian Economy: Statistical Analyses

Research on Policies and Mechanisms that can Streamline the Process of Transition to Green Energy and Achieve Climate Change-Related Targets

Research on Policies and Mechanisms that can Streamline the Process of Transition to Green Energy and Achieve Climate Change-Related Targets

Cost Considerations and Economic Impact of Cancer on Labour Markets

Cost Considerations and Economic Impact of Cancer on Labour Markets

The Impact of COVID-19 on E-commerce Use in Lebanon: A Quantitative Study

The Impact of COVID-19 on E-commerce Use in Lebanon: A Quantitative Study

The Impact of Digitalization and Industry 4.0 on Business. ERP Systems can be a Solution for Business?

The Impact of Digitalization and Industry 4.0 on Business. ERP Systems can be a Solution for Business?

Crytpo-Assets Regime in the European Area

Crytpo-Assets Regime in the European Area

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Crytpo-Assets Regime in the European Area"}}

A Critical Review of Global Logistics Providers in Romania

A Critical Review of Global Logistics Providers in Romania

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"A Critical Review of Global Logistics Providers in Romania"}}

Conceiving Resilient Solutions for Tourism during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Conceiving Resilient Solutions for Tourism during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Building Resilience Through the Use of Intelligent Technologies: A Qualitative Research

Building Resilience Through the Use of Intelligent Technologies: A Qualitative Research

Digital Marketing Communication for Actual Context of Romanian Modern Grocery Retailing

Digital Marketing Communication for Actual Context of Romanian Modern Grocery Retailing

Empowering Students to Save Energy through a Behavioural Change Campaign in University Accommodation

Empowering Students to Save Energy through a Behavioural Change Campaign in University Accommodation

Media Literacy Education and Digital Transformation. New Challenges for Civic Universities

Media Literacy Education and Digital Transformation. New Challenges for Civic Universities

Academic Journals’ Performance: Opportunities for Research Visibility

Academic Journals’ Performance: Opportunities for Research Visibility

Urban Natural Areas, from Nature Conservation to Well-being Assets

Urban Natural Areas, from Nature Conservation to Well-being Assets

Civic Universities and Their Impact on Green Infrastructure Governance in Cities: A Principles-Based Framework for Human Well-Being

Civic Universities and Their Impact on Green Infrastructure Governance in Cities: A Principles-Based Framework for Human Well-Being

Internationalisation of Higher Education –Overview of Recent Developments

Internationalisation of Higher Education –Overview of Recent Developments

COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Business Prospects: A Conceptual Study

COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Business Prospects: A Conceptual Study

The National Policy Environment for Starting a Business: An Assessment in Vietnam

The National Policy Environment for Starting a Business: An Assessment in Vietnam

Needs for Remodeling the Entrepreneurship Education for the Post-COVID-19 Era

Needs for Remodeling the Entrepreneurship Education for the Post-COVID-19 Era

The Evolution of Innovative Entrepreneurship Indicators in Europe. Implications for the Labour Market

The Evolution of Innovative Entrepreneurship Indicators in Europe. Implications for the Labour Market

Digitalisation and Competition in the European Union

Digitalisation and Competition in the European Union

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Digitalisation and Competition in the European Union"}}

Restarting COVID-19-Affected Economies

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Restarting COVID-19-Affected Economies"}}

Creative and Cultural Sectors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Creative and Cultural Sectors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Creative and Cultural Sectors during the COVID-19 Pandemic"}}

Fiscal Pressure in Romania and the Influence of the Value Added Tax

Fiscal Pressure in Romania and the Influence of the Value Added Tax

Is the Digitalisation of Tax Institutions a Solution for Voluntary Tax Compliance?

Is the Digitalisation of Tax Institutions a Solution for Voluntary Tax Compliance?

Viral Marketing and Its Influence on Customer’s Purchasing Decisions: A Quantitative Study in Lebanon

Viral Marketing and Its Influence on Customer’s Purchasing Decisions: A Quantitative Study in Lebanon

The Importance of Tools Specific Mobile Networks and Social Online Networks for Start-Ups in Bucharest

The Importance of Tools Specific Mobile Networks and Social Online Networks for Start-Ups in Bucharest

Some Considerations on Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility in the Marketing Strategy of Banking Institutions

Some Considerations on Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility in the Marketing Strategy of Banking Institutions

Awareness of the Endogenous Factors Influence Purchasing and Consumption Decisions

Awareness of the Endogenous Factors Influence Purchasing and Consumption Decisions

Local Action Groups Implications in Rural Romania

Local Action Groups Implications in Rural Romania

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Local Action Groups Implications in Rural Romania"}}

Sustainable Development of a PDO or PGI form the Voluntary Scheme “Traditional Product”

Sustainable Development of a PDO or PGI form the Voluntary Scheme “Traditional Product”

Romania’s Agro-Food Sector: Issues of Cluster Development and Competitive Positioning

Romania’s Agro-Food Sector: Issues of Cluster Development and Competitive Positioning

The Perspective of the Development of the Industry of the Future in Romania in the Context of Big Data and Digitalization

The Perspective of the Development of the Industry of the Future in Romania in the Context of Big Data and Digitalization

The Art of Product Management – a Practical Guide for Product Value Maximization

The Art of Product Management – a Practical Guide for Product Value Maximization

Comparative Analysis of Different Methods to Measure Welfare Beyond GDP for Romania

Comparative Analysis of Different Methods to Measure Welfare Beyond GDP for Romania

The Evolution of Inflation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Evolution of Inflation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bertrand Competition Under Incomplete Information

Bertrand Competition Under Incomplete Information

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Bertrand Competition Under Incomplete Information"}}

Digitalization in Accounting: A Structured Literature Review

Digitalization in Accounting: A Structured Literature Review

{"title":{"xml:lang":"en","content":"Digitalization in Accounting: A Structured Literature Review"}}

Personal Data between Individual Protection and the General Interest

Personal Data between Individual Protection and the General Interest

The New Direction of the EU: the Creation of a Digital Europe

The New Direction of the EU: the Creation of a Digital Europe

<DIV align=left>Editor-in-chief: Alina Mihaela Dima Editorial Assistant: Vanesa Madalina Vargas</DIV>

 The International Conferences on Economics and Social Sciences (ICESS)organized by Bucharest University of Economic Studies provide an opportunity for all those interested in Economics and Social Sciences to discuss and exchange research ideas.

 The International Conferences on Economics and Social Sciences...

The Impact of Fiscal Freedom, Government Effectiveness and Human Development Index on the VAT GAP in the European Union

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