In common | 3 (n= 8) | 2 (n= 165) |
---|---|---|
Genes |
Exercise group GSE Type | 8479 Experimental results were measured before and after training from the same individuals for a specific duration. | 9103 Experimental results were measured from 2 defined sample groups (active/inactive). | 16907 Experimental results were measured before and after training from the same individuals for a specific duration. | 20319 Experimental results were measured from 2 defined sample groups (active/inactive). | Aging group GSE | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of exercise | 6 months | 4 years | 12 months | 32 years | 80 | 1428 | 8479 | 9103 | 38718 | |
Experimental group Experimental groups are the active or after-training groups in exercise GSEs and are the old age groups in the aging GSEs. | Samples (n) | 14 | 20 | 8 | 10 | 19 | 12 | 25 | 10 | 8 |
Age (y) | 69.6 + 9.4 | 19-76 | 50–57 | 50–74 | 68.6 ± 8.4 | 70–80 | 70.5±13.5 | 65.1 ± 7.3 | 65-76 | |
Control group Control groups are the sedentary or before-training groups in exercise GSEs and are the young age groups in the aging GSEs. | Samples (n) | 25 | 20 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 10 | 26 | 10 | 14 |
Age (y) | 70.5+13.5 | 18–72 | 50–57 | 50–74 | 24.5 ± 6.5 | 19-25 | 21.2 ± 6.8 | 22.9 ± 4.1 | 19-28 | |
Sex | Mixed | Mixed | Female | Mixed | Male | Male | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | |
Muscle biopsy | Vastus | Vastus | Vastus | Vastus | Vastus | Vastus | Vastus | Vastus | Biceps | |
lateralis | lateralis | lateralis | lateralis | lateralis | lateralis | lateralis | lateralis | brachii | ||
Extracted molecule | Total RNA | Total RNA | Total RNA | Total RNA | Total RNA | Total RNA | Total RNA | Total RNA | Total RNA | |
Organization name | Buck Institute for Research on Aging USA | Mayo Clinic and Foundation USA | University of Jyväskylä Finland | University of Jyväskylä Finland | University of Rochester USA | Boston University USA | Buck Institute for Research on Aging USA | Mayo Clinic and Foundation USA | University of Michigan USA |
Aging group | Exercise group | 8479 | 9103 | 16907 | 20319 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GSEs | GSEs (types) | (Resistance) | (Endurance) | (Power training) | (Physically active) |
80 | 6.73 × 10–2 | 3.78 × 10–4 | 6.58 × 10–1 | 1.32 × 10–1 | |
OR | 0.40 | 2.91 | 0 | 4.14 | |
95% CI | 0.15–1.10 | 1.57–5.38 | – | 0.56–30.80 | |
1428 | 5.29 × 10–1 | 9.73 × 10–15 | 3.54 × 10–2 | 8.29 × 10–1 | |
OR | 0.93 | 2.30 | 2.65 | 0.86 | |
95% CI | 0.73–1.17 | 1.85–2.85 | 1.03–6.79 | 0.21–3.54 | |
8479 | 5.07 × 10–24 | 1.34 × 10–22 | 1.20 × 10–1 | 8.31 × 10–2 | |
OR | 0.16 | 2.65 | 0 | 2.22 | |
95% CI | 0.11–0.24 | 2.16–3.24 | – | 0.88–5.60 | |
9103 | 4.13 × 10–2 | 2.76 × 10–12 | 5.90 × 10–1 | 5.97 × 10–1 | |
OR | 0.60 | 3.17 | 0.58 | 1.70 | |
95% CI | 0.36–0.99 | 2.26–4.47 | 0.08–4.20 | 0.23–12.36 | |
38718 | 2.85 × 10–18 | 2.35 × 10–9 | 4.65 × 10–1 | 6.82 × 10–2 | |
OR | 0.47 | 1.58 | 0.68 | 1.88 | |
95% CI | 0.40–0.56 | 1.36–1.83 | 0.25–1.90 | 0.94–3.74 |
Aging Group | Exercise group | 8479 | 9103 | 16907 | 20319 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GSEs | GSEs (types) | (Resistance) | (Endurance) | (Power Training) | (Physically active) |
80 | 1.81 × 10–3 | 1.25 × 10–2 | 7.93 × 10–1 | 6.39 × 10–1 | |
OR | 2.55 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
95% CI | 1.39–4.68 | 1.19–5.48 | – | – | |
1428 | 9.35 × 10–1 | 3.03 × 10–1 | 9.34 × 10–1 | 8.91 × 10–1 | |
OR | 0.93 | 2.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
95% CI | 0.16–5.56 | 0.34–25.15 | – | – | |
8479 | 1.81 × 10–103 | 7.43 × 10–2 | 9.05 × 10–1 | 7.52 × 10–1 | |
OR | 5.65 | 1.30 | 0.89 | 0.80 | |
95% CI | 4.74–6.73 | 0.97–1.74 | 0.12- 6.53 | 0.19–3.27 | |
9103 | 9.14 × 10–-61 | 3.04 × 10–51 | 3.98 × 10–1 | 9.03 × 10–1 | |
OR | 4.08 | 4.44 | 1.43 | 0.92 | |
95% CI | 3.41–4.89 | 3.59–5.48 | 0.62-3.26 | 0.22–3.76 | |
38718 | 9.22 × 10–9 | 8.59 × 10–13 | 2.32 × 10–1 | 3.09 × 10–1 | |
OR | 1.50 | 2.14 | 0.00 | 1.60 | |
95% CI | 1.31–1.72 | 1.73–2.64 | – | 0.64–4.01 |
Significant molecular pathways | No. of GSEs in common | No. of genes | Lists of genes associated with the pathways | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oxidative phosphorylation | 8.8 × 10–44 –1.6 × 10–2 | 5/5 | 43 | |
Cardiac muscle contraction | 3.8 × 10–10 –2.6 × 10–5 | 3/5 | 14 | |
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Significant in GSE 8479. | 3.6 × 10–5 | 1/5 | 7 | |
Propanoate metabolism Significant in GSE 8479. | 8.3 × 10–3 | 1/5 | 5 | |
Pyruvate metabolism Significant in GSE 8479. | 1.7 × 10–2 | 1/5 | 5 | |
Arginine and proline metabolism Significant in GSE 8479. | 4.1 × 10–2 | 1/5 | 5 |
In common | 4 (n= 1) | 3 (n= 12) | 2 (n= 134 |
---|---|---|---|
Genes |
Aging group | Exercise group | 8479 | 9103 | 16907 | 20319 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GSEs | GSEs (types) | (Resistance) | (Endurance) | (Power Training) | (Physically active) |
80 | 1.47 × 10–1 | 4.72 × 10–1 | 7.60 × 10–1 | 5.84 × 10–1 | |
OR | 1.44 | 1.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
95% CI | 0.88–2.38 | 0.58–3.17 | – | – | |
1428 | 1.81 × 10–1 | 9.97 × 10–1 | 3.44 × 10–1 | 8.72 × 10–1 | |
OR | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.10 | |
95% CI | 0.76–1.05 | 0.73–1.37 | – | 0.34–3.54 | |
8479 | 1.24 × 10–67 | 9.92 × 10–1 | 8.39 × 10–1 | 9.69 × 10–2 | |
OR | 3.63 | 1.00 | 0.81 | 0.00 | |
95% CI | 3.11–4.24 | 0.73–1.37 | 0.11–6.00 | – | |
9103 | 1.72 × 10–5 | 9.47 × 10–1 | 1.11 × 10–1 | 4.09 × 10–1 | |
OR | 1.93 | 1.02 | 2.48 | 0.00 | |
95% CI | 1.42–2.61 | 0.55–1.88 | 0.78–7.89 | – | |
38718 | 5.21 × 10–54 | 2.10 × 10–7 | 2.50 × 10–1 | 8.04 × 10–1 | |
OR | 2.17 | 1.59 | 0.33 | 0.90 | |
95% CI | 1.97–2.40 | 1.33–1.90 | 0.04–2.43 | 0.39–2.09 |
In common | 5 (n= 2) | 4 (n= 6) | 3 (n= 23) | 2 (n= 66) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Genes |
Gene | Number of GSEs in common | Molecular function | Molecular and cellular phenotypes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
5/5 | 6.80 × 10–5 to 8.86 × 10–3 | ATP synthase γ-subunit | Catalyzes AT P synthesis, mainly expressed in the heart | |
4/5 | 4.12 × 10–7 to 2.06 × 10–3 | ATP synthase lipid-binding Catalyzes ATP synthesis protein | ||
4/5 | 6.58 × 10–5 to 3.57 × 10–3 | ATP synthase-coupling factor | Catalyzes AT P synthesis | |
4/5 | 8.81 × 10–5 to 6.36 × 10–3 | Cytochrome C oxidase subunit | Terminal oxidase in the mitochondrial electron transport | |
Accepts electrons from the Rieske | ||||
4/5 | 1.34 × 10–5 to 6.77 × 10–3 | Cytochrome C | protein and transfers electrons to cytochrome c in the mitochondrial | |
respiratory chain | ||||
4/5 | 9.80 × 10–6 to 4.15 × 10–3 | Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C reductase complex subunit | Redox-linked proton pumping | |
3/5 | 1.69 × 10–4 to 9.69 × 10–4 | Cytochrome C oxidase subunit | Catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen | |
3/5 | 2.20 × 10–4 to 9.60 × 10–3 | Cytochrome C oxidase subunit | Catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen | |
3/5 | 7.89 × 10–4 to 8.57 × 10–3 | α-Subcomplex subunit | Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain | |
3/5 | 4.95 × 10–5 to 5.58 × 10–3 | β-Subcomplex subunit | Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain | |
3/5 | 4.35 × 10–3 to 6.58 × 10–3 | β-Subcomplex Subunit | Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain | |
3/5 | 4.03 × 10–7 to 4.14 × 10–3 | β-Subcomplex Subunit | Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain | |
3/5 | 6.28 × 10–6 to 2.61 × 10–3 | Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C reductase complex subunit | Generates an electrochemical potential coupled to ATP synthesis |
Gene | Number of GSEs in common | Molecular function | Molecular and cellular phenotypes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
5/5 | 6.96 × 10–5 to 4.85 × 10–3 | Cytochrome C | Electron carrier protein, important apoptotic role | |
4/5 | 3.22 × 10–5 to 7.78 × 10–3 | Glutathione S-transferase subunit | Cellular detoxification | |
3/5 | 1.34 × 10–6 to 9.60 × 10–3 | Helix-loop-helix protein | Transcriptional repressor | |
3/5 | 7.06 × 10–5 to 4.83 × 10–3 | Mitochondrial proteolipid | Chromosome 14 open reading frame Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of | |
3/5 | 7.66 × 10–9 to 5.91 × 10–3 | Mitochondrial creatine kinase | phosphate between ATP and phosphagens | |
3/5 | 7.39 × 10–5 to 7.27 × 10–3 | COQ3 methyltransferase | Coenzyme Q biosynthesis Prevents premature joining of the 40S | |
3/5 | 1.34 × 10–4 to 5.21 × 10–3 | Translation initiation factor | and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation | |
3/5 | 5.26 × 10–6 to 6.07 × 10–3 | Fatty acid-binding protein | Amino acid metabolism, facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids Key component of the small ribosomal subunit | |
3/5 | 5.51 × 10–4 to 3.48 × 10–3 | Mitochondrial ribosomal protein | ||
3/5 | 2.64 × 10–4 to 3.45 × 10–3 | Neural precursor cell protein | Mitosis progression, promotes the nucleation of microtubules from the spindle | |
3/5 | 2.16 × 10–4 to 2.53 × 10–3 | Phosphodiesterase isozyme | Regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP | |
3/5 | 3.69 × 10–5 to 6.88 × 10–3 | Mitochondrial cyclophilin | Antiapoptotic activity | |
3/5 | 4.61 × 10–4 to 9.86 × 10–3 | Thiol-specific antioxidant | Eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism | |
3/5 | 2.03 × 10–4 to 4.98 × 10–3 | Regulatory protein | Regulation of transcription and apoptosis | |
3/5 | 6.38 × 10–5 to 9.09 × 10–3 | Solute carrier | Catalyzes the movement of monocarboxylates across the plasma membrane | |
3/5 | 3.49 × 10–5 to 9.75 × 10–4 | Solute carrier | Mediates cotransport of glutamine and sodium ions | |
3/5 | 1.04 × 10–5 to 1.97 × 10–3 | Sialyltransferase | Synthesis of gangliosides | |
3/5 | 3.33 × 10–5 to 9.54 × 10–3 | Triosephosphate isomerase | Catalyzes the isomerization of G3P and DHAP in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis |