[1. Libby P, Nathan DM, Abraham K, Brunzell JD, Fradkin JE, Haffner SM, et al. Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases orking Group on Cardiovascular Complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005; 111:3489-93.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.529651]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[2. Yudkin JS, Forrest RD, Jackson CA. Microalbuminuria as predictor of vascular disease in non-diabetic subjects. Lancet. 1998; 2:530-3.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Ichinose K, Kawasaki E, Eguchi K. Recent advancement of understanding pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and potential relevance to diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2007; 27:554-64.10.1159/000107758]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[4. Ruggeri ZM, Ware J. Von Willebrand factor. Faseb J. 1993; 7:308-16.10.1096/fasebj.7.2.8440408]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Stehouwer CDA, Nauta JJP, Zeldenrust GC, Hackeng WHL, Donker AJM, Den Ottolander GJH. Urinary albumin excretion, cardiovascular disease, and endothelial dysfunction in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 1992; 340:319-23.10.1016/0140-6736(92)91401-S]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[6. Stehouwer CDA, Fischer HRA, Kuijk AW R, Polak BCP, Donker AJM. Endothelial dysfunction precedes development of micro-albuminuria in IDDM. Diabetes. 1995; 44:561-4.10.2337/diab.44.5.561]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[7. Esmon CT. The roles of protein C and thrombomodulin in the regulation of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem. 1989; 264:4743-6.10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83649-3]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Ishii H, Majerus PW. Thrombomodulin is present in human plasma and urine. J Clin Invest. 1985; 76: 2178-81.10.1172/JCI1122254243393001144]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[9. Coen AD, Stehouwer A. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes nephropathy: state of the art and potential significance for non diabetic renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19:778e81.10.1093/ndt/gfh01515031329]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Loreth RM, Seus CH, Berger HH, Albert FW. Plasma thrombomodulin concentrations in healthy persons depends on age and sex. Annals of hematology. 1997; 74 (Suppl.II):A89.]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Ingerslev J. Sensitive ELISA for von Willebrand factor (vWF:ag).Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1987; 47:143-9.10.3109/00365518709168882]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[12. Kathryn GB, Wing-Sun C, Victor H G, Christine M, Richar B, Karen SL. Advanced glycation end products and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25:1055-9.10.2337/diacare.25.6.105512032114]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[13. Bashyam MM. Microalbuminuria in NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1993; 16:634-5.10.2337/diacare.16.4.634]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[14. Richmond W. “Determination of cholesterol” cited in instruction of “Bio-Merieux”. Clin Chem. 1973;19: 1350-6.10.1093/clinchem/19.12.1350]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Henary RJ, Connon DC, Winkelman JW. Clinical Chemistry Principle and Techniques. New York: Harber & Raw; 1974.]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Fossati, P, Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined color metrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem. 1982; 298:2077-80.10.1093/clinchem/28.10.2077]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Committee on the enzymes of the Scandinavian Society for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical physiology. Recommended methods for the determination of four enzymes in blood. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1974; 3: 291-309.]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Karasek D, vaverkova H, Halenka M, Slarik L, Novotny D.Endothelial haemostatic markers in members of families with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Thrombo Res. 2009; 123:466-75.10.1016/j.thromres.2008.02.011]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[19. Blann A. Assessment of endothelial dysfunction: Focus on atherothrombotic disease. Pathofisiol Haemost Thromb. 2003; 33:256-61.10.1159/000083811]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Hirano T, Ookubob K, Kashiwazakia K, Tajima H,Yoshino G, Adachi M. Vascular endothelial markers, von willebrand factor and thrombomodulin index, are specifically elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy: comparison of primary renal disease. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2000; 299:65-75.10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00274-6]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[21. Viswanathan V, Snehalatha C, Nair MB, Ramachandran A. Markers of endothelial dysfunction in hyperglycaemic Asian Indian subjects, J. Diabet. Complications. 2004; 18:47-52.10.1016/S1056-8727(03)00037-0]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[22. Jensen T. Increased plasma level of von Willebrand factor in Type1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy. Br Med J. 1989; 298:27-8.10.1136/bmj.298.6665.27-a]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Shimano H, Takahashi K, Kawakami M. Elevated serum and urinary thrombomodulin levels in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta. 1994; 25:89-96.10.1016/0009-8981(94)90036-1]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[24. Rinno H, Kuramoto T, Iijima T, Yagame M. Tomino E. Measurement of soluble thrombomodulin in sera from various clinical stages of diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal. 1996; 10:119-24.10.1002/(SICI)1098-2825(1996)10:3<119::AID-JCLA1>3.0.CO;2-6]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[25. Zimmermann J, Schramm L, Wanner C. Hemorheology, plasma protein composition and Von Willebrand factor in type I diabetic nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 1996; 46:230-6.]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Lteif AA, Han K, Mather KJ. Obesity, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: determinants of endothelial dysfunction in whites and blacks. Circulation. 2005; 112:32-8.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.520130]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[27. Seligman BG, Biolo A, Polanczyk CA, Gross JL, Clausell N. Increased plasma levels of endothelin 1 and von Willebrand factor in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, Diabetes Care. 2000; 23:1395-400.10.2337/diacare.23.9.1395]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[28. Ibrahim HA, Melig AA. El-I Abdel-Hamid, Elhendy MA. Relations between von Willebrand factor, markers of oxidative stress and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Med Sci Monit. 2004; 10:85-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Giancarlo DM, Maria CB, Oriana L, Arianna M, Rosalba C, Alessandra G, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients without clinical macrovascular complications. Diabetes Res and Clin pract. 2008; 79:337-42.10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.005]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Takanashi K, Inukai T. Insulin resistance and changes in blood coagulation-fibrinolysis system after a glucose clamp technique in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med. 2000; 31:45-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Wu KK. Soluble thrombomodulin and coronary heart disease. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003; 14:373-5.10.1097/00041433-200308000-00006]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[32. Soichiro U, Katuhiro G, Hiroshi H. Separation and characterization of the molecular species of thrombomodulin in the plasma of diabetic patients. Thromb Res. 2001; 104:325-32.10.1016/S0049-3848(01)00358-9]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[33. Okumura K, Aso Y. High plasma homocysteine concentrations are associated with plasma concentrations of thrombomodulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and link diabetic nephropathy to macroangiopathy. Metabolism. 2003; 52:1517-2210.1016/S0026-0495(03)00324-X]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[34. Ross R. Atherosclerosis; an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:115-26.10.1056/NEJM199901143400207]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Salomaa V, Matei C, Aleksic N, Sansores-Garcia L, Folsom AR, Juneja H, et al. Soluble thrombomodulin as a predictor coronary heart disease and symptomless carotid artery atherosclerosis in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study: a case-cohort study. Lancet. 1999; 353:1729-34.10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09057-6]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Hayakawa T, Shouza A, Nishikawa M. Effects of Beraprost and Cilostazoland renal function on serum TM levels in diabetic patients. Arzneimittelforschung. 2000; 50:535-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Bagg W, Ferri C, Desideri G, Gamble G, Ockelford P, Braatvedt GD. The influences of obesity and glycemic control on endothelial activation in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol. 2001; 86:5491-7.10.1210/jcem.86.11.803511701727]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[38. Balakumar P, Chakkarwar VA, Krishan P, Manjeet S. Vascular endothelial dysfunction: A tug of war in diabetic nephropathy? Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2009; 63:171-9.10.1016/j.biopha.2008.08.00818823739]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[39. Mezzano D, Tagle R, Pais E. Endothelial cell markers in chronic uremia: relationship with hemostatic defects and severity of renal failure. Thromb Res. 1997; 88: 465-72.10.1016/S0049-3848(97)00280-6]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[40. Hirano T, Ookubob K, Kashiwazakia K, Tajima H, Yoshino G, Adachi M. Vascular endothelial markers, von willebrand factor and thrombomodulin index, are specifically elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy: comparison of primary renal disease. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2000; 299:65-75 10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00274-6]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar