15-minute city – from concept to practical dimension. Complexity of housing estates: a proposal for a measuring tool

The constant development of cities leads to many changes, including negative ones. These include overpopulation, urban sprawl, unequal access to goods and services as well as environmental pollution and, consequently, a deteriorating quality of life. One of the new approaches to the concept of city development is Carlos Moreno’s concept of the 15-minute city. The success of any concept depends on many factors, but above all on the possibility of its implementation under given conditions. Determining the effectiveness of the approach requires empirical verification. This paper presents a proposal to measure the effectiveness of the implementation of some of the components of the 15-minute city concept and those related to the supply of services in each residential area.