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Correlation between Heart Rate Variability and Claustrum Stimulation – Hypothesis, Experimental Studies and Future Perspectives

Bogdan Pavel
Bogdan Pavel
, 
Mihaela Roxana Popescu
Mihaela Roxana Popescu
, 
Carmen-Denise-Mihaela Zahiu
Carmen-Denise-Mihaela Zahiu
, 
Patricia Demetria Popovici
Patricia Demetria Popovici
, 
Diana-Andreea Ilie
Diana-Andreea Ilie
, 
Madalina Gherghe
Madalina Gherghe
, 
Leon Zagrean
Leon Zagrean
 e 
Ana-Maria Zagrean
Ana-Maria Zagrean
   | 05 mag 2022
Romanian Journal of Cardiology's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Article
Pubblicato online: 05 mag 2022
Pagine: 529 - 536
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47803/rjc.2021.31.3.529
Parole chiave
© 2021 Bogdan Pavel et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

The right part of the figure represents an example of gentian-violet staining indicating the stimulation site (coronal section at 1.8 mm anterior to bregma; optic microscope photo, 4× magnification). The black arrow indicates the claustrum. In the left part of the figure, a simplified diagram of the corresponding rat brain structures, modified after Paxinos atlas40. Cl = claustrum; CPu = caudate putamen; IC = insular cortex, LV = lateral ventricle.
The right part of the figure represents an example of gentian-violet staining indicating the stimulation site (coronal section at 1.8 mm anterior to bregma; optic microscope photo, 4× magnification). The black arrow indicates the claustrum. In the left part of the figure, a simplified diagram of the corresponding rat brain structures, modified after Paxinos atlas40. Cl = claustrum; CPu = caudate putamen; IC = insular cortex, LV = lateral ventricle.

Figure 2

The electrocortical (ECoG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) activity during basal condition (no stimulation). The first channel (red) is represented by the raw stimulation, the second channel (blue) recorded the electrocortical activity on the frontal lobe, the third channel (green) recorded the electrocortical activity on the parietal lobe, the fourth channel (magenta) recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG).
The electrocortical (ECoG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) activity during basal condition (no stimulation). The first channel (red) is represented by the raw stimulation, the second channel (blue) recorded the electrocortical activity on the frontal lobe, the third channel (green) recorded the electrocortical activity on the parietal lobe, the fourth channel (magenta) recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG).

Figure 3

The electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) activity during stimulation. The first channel (red) is represented by the raw stimulation, the second channel (blue) recorded the electrocortical activity on the frontal lobe, the third channel (green) recorded the electrocortical activity on the parietal lobe, the fourth channel (magenta) recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG).
The electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) activity during stimulation. The first channel (red) is represented by the raw stimulation, the second channel (blue) recorded the electrocortical activity on the frontal lobe, the third channel (green) recorded the electrocortical activity on the parietal lobe, the fourth channel (magenta) recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG).

The effects of claustrum electrical stimulation on the sympatho-vagal balance

Anesthetic Basal S/V S1/V 1 – 5.5 S2/V 2 – 5.5 S/V -5.8 S/V -5.2 S/V -1.2
Xyl-Ket 2,35 0,69 0,66 0,67 0,76 0,85
Xyl-Ket 6,56 1,87 0,64 0,46 2,07 2,61
Xyl-Ket 0,94 0,34 0,41 0,23 0,65 0,33
CHL 2,78 0,46 0,52 0,91 0,68 0,63

The brain regions targeted by deep bran stimulation (DBS) in neurological disorders (in bold, the prefered brain regions)

Disease The neural structures targeted by DBS
Parkinson's disease STN, GPi, PPN, VIN30
Dystonia (generalised and focal) GPi, VIN, STN30,31
Essential tremor VIM, STN30,32
Epilepsy ATN, CMTN, hippocampus, BG (CN, STN), posterior hypothalamus and cerebellum11,30

The effects of claustrum electrical stimulation on sympathetic, vagal activity and sympatho-vagal balance

Anesthetic Basal S Basal V Basal S/V S 1 -5.5 V 1 -5.5 S1/V 1 - 5.5 S 2 -5.5 V 2 -5.5 S2/V 2 - 5.5 S -5.8 V -5.8 S/V -5.8 S -5.2 V -5.2 S/V -5.2 S -1.2 V -1.2 S/V -1.2
Xyl-Ket 0,7 0,29 2,35 0,4 0,59 0,69 0,39 0,6 0,66 0,4 0,59 0,67 0,43 0,56 0,76 0,45 0,54 0,85
Xyl-Ket 0,9 0,13 6,56 0,65 0,34 1,87 0,39 0,6 0,64 0,31 0,68 0,46 0,67 0,32 2,07 0,72 0,27 2,61
Xyl-Ket 0,5 0,51 0,94 0,25 0,74 0,34 0,29 0,7 0,41 0,18 0,81 0,23 0,39 0,6 0,65 0,25 0,74 0,33
CHL 0,7 0,26 2,78 0,31 0,68 0,46 0,34 0,65 0,52 0,47 0,52 0,91 0,4 0,59 0,68 0,38 0,61 0,63
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