Characteristics of walking techniques with different pelvic height and pelvic rotation: effect on muscle activation and energy consumption

[1] Alexander R.M., Walking and running, The Mathematical Gazette, 1996, 80 (488), 262–266. Search in Google Scholar

[2] Barbero M., Merletti R., Rainoldi A., Atlas of muscle innervation zones: understanding surface electromyography and its applications, Springer Science and Business Media, 2012. Search in Google Scholar

[3] Carey T.S., Crompton R.H., The metabolic costs of ‘bent-hip, bent-knee’walking in humans, Journal of Human Evolution, 2005, 48 (1), 25–44. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Charalambous C.P., The major determinants in normal and pathological gait, Classic Papers in Orthopaedics, 2014, 403–405. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Chia Bejarano N., Pedrocchi A., Nardone A., Schieppati M., Baccinelli W., Monticone M., Ferrante S., Tuning of muscle synergies during walking along rectilinear and curvilinear trajectories in humans, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 45, 1204–1218. Search in Google Scholar

[6] Duffy C.M., Hill A.E., Graham H.K., The influence of flexed knee gait on the energy cost of walking in children, Gait and Posture, 1995, 4 (3), 273–274. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Fukuchi C.A., Fukuchi R.K., Duarte M., Effects of walking speed on gait biomechanics in healthy participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Systematic Reviews, 2019, 8 (1), 1–11. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Gordon K.E., Ferris D.P., Kuo A.D., Metabolic and mechanical energy costs of reducing vertical center of mass movement during gait, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2009, 90 (1), 136–144. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Gordon K.E., Ferris D.P., Kuo A.D., Reducing vertical center of mass movement during human walking doesn’t necessarily reduce metabolic cost, Proc. 27-th Annual Meeting, American Society Biomechanics, Toledo, OH, 2003. Search in Google Scholar

[10] Grasso R., Zago M., Lacquaniti F., Interactions between posture and locomotion: motor patterns in humans walking with bent posture versus erect posture, Journal of Neurophysiology, 2000, 83 (1), 288–300. Search in Google Scholar

[11] Hof A.L., Elzinga H., Grimmius W., Halbertsma J.P.K., Detection of non-standard EMG profiles in walking, Gait and Posture, 2005, 21 (2), 171–177. Search in Google Scholar

[12] Hreljac A., Determinants of the gait transition speed during human locomotion: kinematic factors, Journal of Biomechanics, 1995, 28 (6), 669–677. Search in Google Scholar

[13] Hreljac A., Arata A., Ferber R., Mercer J.A., Row B.S., An electromyographical analysis of the role of dorsiflexors on the gait transition during human locomotion, Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2001, 17 (4), 287–296. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Hreljac A., Determinants of the gait transition speed during human locomotion: kinetic factors, Gait and Posture, 1993, 1 (4), 217–223. Search in Google Scholar

[15] Hreljac A., Effects of physical characteristics on the gait transition speed during human locomotion, Human Movement Science, 1995, 14 (2), 205–216. Search in Google Scholar

[16] Huang T.W.P., Kuo A.D., Mechanics and energetics of load carriage during human walking, Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014, 217 (4), 605–613. Search in Google Scholar

[17] Inman V.T., Eberhart H.D., The major determinants in normal and pathological gait, Jbjs, 1953, 35 (3), 543–558. Search in Google Scholar

[18] Kung S.M., Fink P.W., Legg S.J., Ali A., Shultz S.P., What factors determine the preferred gait transition speed in humans? A review of the triggering mechanisms, Human Movement Science, 2018, 57, 1–12. Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kuo A.D., The six determinants of gait and the inverted pendulum analogy: A dynamic walking perspective, Human Movement Science, 2007, 26 (4), 617–656. Search in Google Scholar

[20] LaRoche D.P., Marques N.R., Shumila H.N., Logan C.R., St Laurent R., Goncalves M., Excess body weight and gait influence energy cost of walking in older adults, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2015, 47 (5), 1017. Search in Google Scholar

[21] Lewek M.D., Osborn A.J., Wutzke C.J., The influence of mechanically and physiologically imposed stiff-knee gait patterns on the energy cost of walking, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012, 93 (1), 123–128. Search in Google Scholar

[22] Lim Y.P., Lin Y.C., Pandy M.G., Effects of step length and step frequency on lower-limb muscle function in human gait, Journal of Biomechanics, 2017, 57, 1–7. Search in Google Scholar

[23] Looney D.P., Santee W.R., Hansen E.O., Bonventre P.J., Chalmers C.R., Potter A.W., Estimating energy expenditure during level, uphill, and downhill walking, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 2019, 51 (9), 1954–1960. Search in Google Scholar

[24] Massaad F., Lejeune T.M., Detrembleur C., The up and down bobbing of human walking: a compromise between muscle work and efficiency, The Journal of Physiology, 2007, 582 (2), 789–799. Search in Google Scholar

[25] Menant J.C., Steele J.R., Menz H.B., Munro B.J., Lord S.R., Effects of walking surfaces and footwear on temporo-spatial gait parameters in young and older people, Gait and Posture, 2009, 29 (3), 392–397. Search in Google Scholar

[26] Nas K., Yazmalar L., ªah V., Aydin A., Öneª K., Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries, World Journal of Orthopedics, 2015, 6 (1), 8. Search in Google Scholar

[27] Ortega J.D., Farley C.T., Minimizing center of mass vertical movement increases metabolic cost in walking, Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005, 99 (6), 2099–2107. Search in Google Scholar

[28] Pavei G., Cazzola D., La Torre A., Minetti A.E., The biomechanics of race walking: literature overview and new insights, European Journal of Sport Science, 2014, 14 (7), 661–670. Search in Google Scholar

[29] Pollock M.L., Miller Jr, H.S., Janeway R., Linnerud A.C., Robertson B., Valentino R., Effects of walking on body composition and cardiovascular function of middle-aged man, Journal of Applied Physiology, 1971, 30 (1), 126–130. Search in Google Scholar

[30] Rassler B., Kohl J., Coordination-related changes in the rhythms of breathing and walking in humans, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000, 82, 280–288. Search in Google Scholar

[31] Robertson D.G.E., Caldwell G.E., Hamill J., Kamen G., Whittlesey S., Research methods in biomechanics, Human Kinetics, 2013. Search in Google Scholar

[32] Russell D.M., Apatoczky D.T., Walking at the preferred stride frequency minimizes muscle activity, Gait and Posture, 2016, 45, 181–186. Search in Google Scholar

[33] Russell E.M., Braun B., Hamill J., Does stride length influence metabolic cost and biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in obese women?, Clinical Biomechanics, 2010, 25 (5), 438–443. Search in Google Scholar

[34] Staszkiewicz R.O., Chwała W., Forczek W., Laska J., Three-dimensional analysis of the pelvic and hip mobility during gait on a treadmill and on the ground, Acta Bioeng. Biomech., 2012, 1, 12. Search in Google Scholar

[35] Staszkiewicz R., Ruchlewicz T., Forczek W., Laska J., The impact of changes in gait speed and step frequency on the extent of the center of mass displacements, Acta Bioeng. Biomech., 2010, 12 (3), 13–20. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Umberger B.R., Stance and swing phase costs in human walking, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2010, 7 (50), 1329–1340. Search in Google Scholar

[37] Vaughan C.L., Davis B.L., O’Connor J.C., Dynamics of human gait, Human Kinetics Publishers, 1992. Search in Google Scholar

[38] Voloshina A.S., Kuo A.D., Daley M.A., Ferris D.P., Bio-mechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain, Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013, 216 (21), 3963–3970. Search in Google Scholar

[39] Winter D.A., Yack H.J., EMG profiles during normal human walking: stride-to-stride and inter-subject variability, Electro-encephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1987, 67 (5), 402–411. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Winter D.A., Knee flexion during stance as a determinant of inefficient walking, Physical Therapy, 1983, 63 (3), 331–333. Search in Google Scholar