Lower extremity stiffness in habitual forefoot strikers during running on different overground surfaces

[1] Adkison J., Requa R., Garrick J., Injury rates in high school football. A comparison of synthetic surfaces and grass fields, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 1974, 99, 131–136. Search in Google Scholar

[2] Arampatzis A., Bruggemann G.P., Metzler V., The effect of speed on leg stiffness and joint kinetics in human running, J. Biomech., 1999, 32, 1349–1353. Search in Google Scholar

[3] Bishop M., Fiolkowski P., Conrad B., Brunt D., Horodyski M., Athletic footwear, leg stiffness, and running kinematics, J. Athl Train., 2006, 41, 387–392. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Butler R.J., Crowell H.P. 3rd., Davis I.M., Lower extremity stiffness: implications for performance and injury, Clin. Biomech., 2003, 18, 511–517. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Davis I.S., Rice H.M., Wearing S.C., Why forefoot striking in minimal shoes might positively change the course of running injuries, J. Sport. Health. Sci., 2017, 6, 154–161. Search in Google Scholar

[6] Dixon S.J., Collop A.C., Batt M.E., Surface effects on ground reaction forces and lower extremity kinematics in running, Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., 2000, 32, 1919–1926. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Dolenec A., Stirn I., Strojnik V., Activation Pattern of Lower Leg Muscles in Running on Asphalt, Gravel and Grass, Coll. Antropol., 2015, 39, 167–172. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Dragoo J.L., Braun H.J., The effect of playing surface on injury rate: a review of the current literature, Sports. Med., 2010, 40, 981–990. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Ferris D.P., Farley C.T., Interaction of leg stiffness and surfaces stiffness during human hopping, J. Appl. Physiol., 1997, 82, 15–22, discussion 13–14. Search in Google Scholar

[10] Ferris D.P., Liang K., Farley C.T., Runners adjust leg stiffness for their first step on a new running surface, J. Biomech., 1999, 32, 787–794. Search in Google Scholar

[11] Ferris D.P., Louie M., Farley C.T., Running in the real world: adjusting leg stiffness for different surfaces, Proc. Biol. Sci., 1998, 265, 989–994. Search in Google Scholar

[12] Ghena D.R., Kurth A.L., Thomas M., Mayhew J., Torque Characteristics of the Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscles during Concentric and Eccentric Loading, J. Orthop. Sports. Phys. Ther., 1991, 14, 149–154. Search in Google Scholar

[13] Gidley A.D., Lankford D.E., Bailey J.P., The construction of common treadmills significantly affects biomechanical and metabolic variables, J. Sports. Sci., 2020, 38, 2236–2241. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Gijon-Nogueron G., Fernandez-Villarejo M., Risk Factors and Protective Factors for Lower-Extremity Running Injuries A Systematic Review, J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc., 2015, 105, 532–540. Search in Google Scholar

[15] Grier T.L., Canham-Chervak M., Anderson M.K., Bushman T.T., Jones B.H., Effects of Physical Training and Fitness on Running Injuries in Physically Active Young Men, J. Strength. Cond. Res., 2017, 31, 207–216. Search in Google Scholar

[16] Hardin E.C., van den Bogert A.J., Hamill J., Kinematic adaptations during running: effects of footwear, surface, and duration, Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., 2004, 36, 838–844. Search in Google Scholar

[17] Hollis C.R., Koldenhoven R.M., Resch J.E., Hertel J., Running biomechanics as measured by wearable sensors: effects of speed and surface, Sports. Biomech., 2019, 7, 1–11. Search in Google Scholar

[18] Jandova S., Sparks M., Olesniewicz P., Charousek J., Chrastkova M., Markiewicz J., Changes in the foot strike pattern and pressure distribution when running in minimalist and traditional sport shoes, Medicina Dello Sport, 2018, 71, 257–267. Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kelly L.A., Farris D.J., Lichtwark G.A., Cresswell A.G., The Influence of Foot-Strike Technique on the Neuromechanical Function of the Foot, Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., 2018, 50, 98–108. Search in Google Scholar

[20] Kerdok A.E., Biewener A.A., McMahon T.A., Weyand P.G., Herr H.M., Energetics and mechanics of human running on surfaces of different stiffnesses, J. Appl. Physiol., 2002, 92, 469–478. Search in Google Scholar

[21] Ly Q.H., Alaoui A., Erlicher S., Baly L., Towards a footwear design tool: influence of shoe midsole properties and ground stiffness on the impact force during running, J. Biomech., 2010, 43, 310–317. Search in Google Scholar

[22] MacLellan M.J., Patla A.E., Adaptations of walking pattern on a compliant surface to regulate dynamic stability, Exp. Brain. Res., 2006, 173, 521–530. Search in Google Scholar

[23] Marigold D.S., Patla A.E., Adapting locomotion to different surface compliances: neuromuscular responses and changes in movement dynamics, J. Neurophysiol., 2005, 94, 1733–1750. Search in Google Scholar

[24] Markotic V., Pokrajcic V., Babic M., Radancevic D., Grle M., Miljko M., Kosovic V., Juric I., Karlovic Vidakovic M., The Positive Effects of Running on Mental Health, Psychiatr. Danub., 2020, 32, 233–235. Search in Google Scholar

[25] McGinley J.L., Baker R., Wolfe R., Morris M.E., The reliability of three-dimensional kinematic gait measurements: a systematic review, Gait. Posture, 2009, 29, 360–369. Search in Google Scholar

[26] McMahon T.A., Greene P.R., The influence of track compliance on running, J. Biomech., 1979, 12, 893–904. Search in Google Scholar

[27] Mei Q., Gu Y., Fernandez J., A biomechanical assessment of running with hallux unstable shoes of different material stiffness, Acta Bioeng Biomech, 2019, 21, 121–128. Search in Google Scholar

[28] Melcher D.A., Paquette M.R., Schilling B.K., Bloomer R.J., Joint stiffness and running economy during imposed forefoot strike before and after a long run in rearfoot strike runners, J. Sports. Sci., 2017, 35, 2297–2303. Search in Google Scholar

[29] Morin J.B., Dalleau G., Kyrolainen H., Jeannin T., Belli A., A simple method for measuring stiffness during running, J. Appl. Biomech., 2005, 21, 167–180. Search in Google Scholar

[30] Mrdakovic V., Ilic D., Vulovic R., Matic M., Jankovic N., Filipovic N., Leg stiffness adjustment during hopping at different intensities and frequencies, Acta Bioeng Biomech, 2014, 16, 69–76. Search in Google Scholar

[31] Nigg B.M., Kerr B., Biomechanical aspects of sports shoes and playing surfaces, Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1983. Search in Google Scholar

[32] Pappas P., Dallas G., Paradisis G., Reliability of Leg and Vertical Stiffness During High Speed Treadmill Running, J. Appl. Biomech., 2017, 33, 160–165. Search in Google Scholar

[33] Riley P.O., Dicharry J., Franz J., Della Croce U., Wilder R.P., Kerrigan D.C., A kinematics and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill running, Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., 2008, 40, 1093–1100. Search in Google Scholar

[34] Stafilidis S., Arampatzis A., Track compliance does not affect sprinting performance, J. Sports. Sci., 2007, 25, 1479 –1490. Search in Google Scholar

[35] Stearne S.M., McDonald K.A., Alderson J.A., North I., Oxnard C.E., Rubenson J., The Foot's Arch and the Energetics of Human Locomotion, Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 19403. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Vereecke E.E., Aerts P., The mechanics of the gibbon foot and its potential for elastic energy storage during bipedalism, J. Exp. Biol., 2008, 211, 3661–3670. Search in Google Scholar

[37] Wei Z., Zhang Z., Jiang J., Zhang Y., Wang L., Comparison of plantar loads among runners with different strike patterns, J. Sports. Sci., 2019, 37, 2152–2158. Search in Google Scholar

[38] Willwacher S., Fischer K.M., Rohr E., Trudeau M.B., Hamill J., Bruggemann G.P., Surface Stiffness and Footwear Affect the Loading Stimulus for Lower Extremity Muscles When Running, J. Strength. Cond. Res., 2020, DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003410. Search in Google Scholar

[39] Yin L., Hu X., Lai Z., Liu K., Wang L., Leg Stiffness and Vertical Stiffness of Habitual Forefoot and Rearfoot Strikers during Running, Appl. Bionics. Biomech., 2020, 2020, 8866340. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Zhang Z., Zhang Y., Fu W., Wei Z., J. J., Wang L., Plantar Loads of Habitual Forefoot Strikers during Running on Different Overground Surfaces, Appl. Sci., 2020, 10, 2271. Search in Google Scholar