Maternal Serum Activin A, Inhibin A and Follistatin-Related Proteins across Preeclampsia: Insights into Their Role in Pathogenesis and Prediction

1. Ghulmiyyah L, Sibai B. Maternal mortality from preeclampsia/eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2012;36(1):56–9. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.011 GhulmiyyahL SibaiB Maternal mortality from preeclampsia/eclampsia Semin Perinatol 2012 36 1 56 9 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.011 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Rana S, Lemoine E, Granger JP, Karumanchi SA. Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives. Circ Res. 2019;124(7):1094–112. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313276 RanaS LemoineE GrangerJP KarumanchiSA Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives Circ Res 2019 124 7 1094 112 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313276 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Garovic VD, Dechend R, Easterling T, Karumanchi SA, McMurtry Baird S, Magee LA, et al. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis, blood pressure goals, and pharmacotherapy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2022;79(2): e21–e41. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000208 GarovicVD DechendR EasterlingT KarumanchiSA McMurtry BairdS MageeLA Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis, blood pressure goals, and pharmacotherapy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Hypertension 2022 79 2 e21 e41 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000208 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Stepan H, Hund M, Andraczek T. Combining biomarkers to predict pregnancy complications and redefine preeclampsia: the angiogenic-placental syndrome. Hypertension. 2020;75(4):918–26. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13763 StepanH HundM AndraczekT Combining biomarkers to predict pregnancy complications and redefine preeclampsia: the angiogenic-placental syndrome Hypertension 2020 75 4 918 26 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13763 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Capriglione S, Plotti F, Terranova C, Gulino FA, Di Guardo F, Lopez S, et al. Preeclampsia and the challenge of early prediction: reality or utopia? State of art and critical review of literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(4):677–86. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1495191 CapriglioneS PlottiF TerranovaC GulinoFA Di GuardoF LopezS Preeclampsia and the challenge of early prediction: reality or utopia? State of art and critical review of literature J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020 33 4 677 86 10.1080/14767058.2018.1495191 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Myatt L. The prediction of preeclampsia: the way forward. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(2):S1102–S1107.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.047 MyattL The prediction of preeclampsia: the way forward Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 226 2 S1102 S1107.e8 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.047 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Acharya A, Brima W, Burugu S, Rege T. Prediction of preeclampsia-bench to bedside. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014;16(11):491. doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0491-3 AcharyaA BrimaW BuruguS RegeT Prediction of preeclampsia-bench to bedside Curr Hypertens Rep 2014 16 11 491 10.1007/s11906-014-0491-3 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. McCarthy FP, Ryan RM, Chappell LC. Prospective biomarkers in preterm preeclampsia: a review. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;14:72–8. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.03.010 McCarthyFP RyanRM ChappellLC Prospective biomarkers in preterm preeclampsia: a review Pregnancy Hypertens 2018 14 72 8 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.03.010 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9. Giannakou K. Prediction of pre-eclampsia. Obstet Med. 2021;14(4):220–4. doi: 10.1177/1753495X20984015 GiannakouK Prediction of pre-eclampsia Obstet Med 2021 14 4 220 4 10.1177/1753495X20984015 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Roberge S, Bujold E, Nicolaides KH. Aspirin for the prevention of preterm and term preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(3):287–293.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.561 RobergeS BujoldE NicolaidesKH Aspirin for the prevention of preterm and term preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 218 3 287 293.e1 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.561 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11. Jung E, Romero R, Yeo L, Gomez-Lopez N, Chaemsaithong P, Jaovisidha A, et al. The etiology of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(2):S844–66. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1356 JungE RomeroR YeoL Gomez-LopezN ChaemsaithongP JaovisidhaA The etiology of preeclampsia Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 226 2 S844 66 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1356 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Aplin JD, Myers JE, Timms K, Westwood M. Tracking placental development in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(9):479–94. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0372-6 AplinJD MyersJE TimmsK WestwoodM Tracking placental development in health and disease Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020 16 9 479 94 10.1038/s41574-020-0372-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Li Y, Yan J, Chang HM, Chen ZJ, Leung PCK. Roles of TGF-β superfamily proteins in extravillous trophoblast invasion. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021;32(3):170–89. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.005 LiY YanJ ChangHM ChenZJ LeungPCK Roles of TGF-β superfamily proteins in extravillous trophoblast invasion Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021 32 3 170 89 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.005 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14. Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19–32. doi: 10.1080/1364557032000119616 ArkseyH O’MalleyL Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework Int J Soc Res Methodol 2005 8 1 19 32 10.1080/1364557032000119616 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Yu L, Li D, Liao QP, Yang HX, Cao B, Fu G, et al. High levels of activin A detected in preeclamptic placenta induce trophoblast cell apoptosis by promoting nodal signaling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(8):E1370–1379. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2729 YuL LiD LiaoQP YangHX CaoB FuG High levels of activin A detected in preeclamptic placenta induce trophoblast cell apoptosis by promoting nodal signaling J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 97 8 E1370 1379 10.1210/jc.2011-2729 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Baumann M, Bersinger N, Raio L, Albrecht C, Gerber S, Surbek D. Elevated activin A and soluble endoglin serum levels in first trimester harald pre-eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(1):S271. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.806 BaumannM BersingerN RaioL AlbrechtC GerberS SurbekD Elevated activin A and soluble endoglin serum levels in first trimester harald pre-eclampsia Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013 208 1 S271 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.806 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Lai J, Pinas A, Syngelaki A, Poon LCY, Nicolaides KH. Maternal serum activin-A at 30–33 weeks in the prediction of pre-eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26(8):733–7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.755167 LaiJ PinasA SyngelakiA PoonLCY NicolaidesKH Maternal serum activin-A at 30–33 weeks in the prediction of pre-eclampsia J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013 26 8 733 7 10.3109/14767058.2012.755167 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Tarca AL, Romero R, Benshalom-Tirosh N, Than NG, Gudicha DW, Done B, et al. The prediction of early preeclampsia: results from a longitudinal proteomics study. PloS One. 2019;14(6):e0217273. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217273 TarcaAL RomeroR Benshalom-TiroshN ThanNG GudichaDW DoneB The prediction of early preeclampsia: results from a longitudinal proteomics study PloS One 2019 14 6 e0217273 10.1371/journal.pone.0217273 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Hao S, You J, Chen L, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zheng L, et al. Changes in pregnancy-related serum biomarkers early in gestation are associated with later development of preeclampsia. PloS One. 2020;15(3):e0230000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230000 HaoS YouJ ChenL ZhaoH HuangY ZhengL Changes in pregnancy-related serum biomarkers early in gestation are associated with later development of preeclampsia PloS One 2020 15 3 e0230000 10.1371/journal.pone.0230000 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Wong GP, Andres F, Walker SP, MacDonald TM, Cannon P, Nguyen TV, et al. Circulating activin A is elevated at 36 weeks’ gestation preceding a diagnosis of preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022;27:23–6. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.11.006 WongGP AndresF WalkerSP MacDonaldTM CannonP NguyenTV Circulating activin A is elevated at 36 weeks’ gestation preceding a diagnosis of preeclampsia Pregnancy Hypertens 2022 27 23 6 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.11.006 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Olsen R, Woelkers D, Hull A, LaCoursiere Y. Abnormal second trimester serum analytes are more predictive of earlier and more severe variants of preeclampsia than mild preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(1):S261. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.006 OlsenR WoelkersD HullA LaCoursiereY Abnormal second trimester serum analytes are more predictive of earlier and more severe variants of preeclampsia than mild preeclampsia Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012 206 1 S261 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.006 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Dugoff L, Cuckle H, Behrendt N, Cioffi-Ragan D, Myers L, Hobbins J. First-trimester prediction of preeclampsia using soluble P-selectin, follistatin-related protein 3, complement 3a, soluble TNF receptor type 1, PAPP-A, AFP, inhibin A, placental growth factor, uterine artery Doppler and maternal characteristics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(1):S252. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.755 DugoffL CuckleH BehrendtN Cioffi-RaganD MyersL HobbinsJ First-trimester prediction of preeclampsia using soluble P-selectin, follistatin-related protein 3, complement 3a, soluble TNF receptor type 1, PAPP-A, AFP, inhibin A, placental growth factor, uterine artery Doppler and maternal characteristics Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013 208 1 S252 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.755 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Boucoiran I, Thissier-Levy S, Wu Y, Wei SQ, Luo ZC, Delvin E, et al. Risks for preeclampsia and small for gestational age: predictive values of placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, and inhibin A in singleton and multiple-gestation pregnancies. Am J Perinatol. 2013;30(7):607–12. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1329691 BoucoiranI Thissier-LevyS WuY WeiSQ LuoZC DelvinE Risks for preeclampsia and small for gestational age: predictive values of placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, and inhibin A in singleton and multiple-gestation pregnancies Am J Perinatol 2013 30 7 607 12 10.1055/s-0032-1329691 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24. Suri S, Muttukrishna S, Jauniaux E. 2D-ultrasound and endocrinologic evaluation of placentation in early pregnancy and its relationship to fetal birthweight in normal pregnancies and pre-eclampsia. Placenta. 2013;34(9):745–50. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.05.003 SuriS MuttukrishnaS JauniauxE 2D-ultrasound and endocrinologic evaluation of placentation in early pregnancy and its relationship to fetal birthweight in normal pregnancies and pre-eclampsia Placenta 2013 34 9 745 50 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.05.003 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Park HJ, Kim SH, Jung YW, Shim SS, Kim JY, Cho YK, et al. Screening models using multiple markers for early detection of late-onset preeclampsia in low-risk pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:35. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-35 ParkHJ KimSH JungYW ShimSS KimJY ChoYK Screening models using multiple markers for early detection of late-onset preeclampsia in low-risk pregnancy BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014 14 35 10.1186/1471-2393-14-35 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Giguère Y, Massé J, Thériault S, Bujold E, Lafond J, Rousseau F, et al. Screening for pre-eclampsia early in pregnancy: performance of a multivariable model combining clinical characteristics and biochemical markers. BJOG. 2015;122(3):402–10. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13050 GiguèreY MasséJ ThériaultS BujoldE LafondJ RousseauF Screening for pre-eclampsia early in pregnancy: performance of a multivariable model combining clinical characteristics and biochemical markers BJOG 2015 122 3 402 10 10.1111/1471-0528.13050 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27. Kumer K, Fabjan T, Vodušek VF, Sršen TP, Osredkar J. Assessment of maternal serum inhibin A in normal, preeclamptic and intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54(9):eA127–55. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0624 KumerK FabjanT VodušekVF SršenTP OsredkarJ Assessment of maternal serum inhibin A in normal, preeclamptic and intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies Clin Chem Lab Med 2016 54 9 eA127 55 10.1515/cclm-2016-0624 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28. Chrelias G, Makris GM, Papanota AM, Spathis A, Salamalekis G, Sergentanis TN, et al. Serum inhibin and leptin: risk factors for pre-eclampsia? Clin Chim Acta. 2016;463:84–7. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.013 ChreliasG MakrisGM PapanotaAM SpathisA SalamalekisG SergentanisTN Serum inhibin and leptin: risk factors for pre-eclampsia? Clin Chim Acta 2016 463 84 7 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.013 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29. Broumand F, Lak SS, Nemati F, Mazidi A. A study of the diagnostic value of inhibin A tests for occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Electron Physician. 2018;10(1):6186–92. doi: 10.19082/6186 BroumandF LakSS NematiF MazidiA A study of the diagnostic value of inhibin A tests for occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women Electron Physician 2018 10 1 6186 92 10.19082/6186 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. Belovic DK, Plešinac S, Dotlić J, Radojević AS, Akšam S, Cvjetićanin MM, et al. Biochemical markers for prediction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Med Biochem. 2019;38(1): 71–82. doi: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0001 BelovicDK PlešinacS DotlićJ RadojevićAS AkšamS CvjetićaninMM Biochemical markers for prediction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy J Med Biochem 2019 38 1 71 82 10.2478/jomb-2018-0001 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Yue CY, Zhang CY, Ni YH, Ying CM. Are serum levels of inhibin A in second trimester predictors of adverse pregnancy outcome? PloS One. 2020;15(5):e0232634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232634 YueCY ZhangCY NiYH YingCM Are serum levels of inhibin A in second trimester predictors of adverse pregnancy outcome? PloS One 2020 15 5 e0232634 10.1371/journal.pone.0232634 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. Sharabi-Nov A, Kumar K, Fabjan Vodušek V, Premru Sršen T, Tul N, Fabjan T, et al. Establishing a differential marker profile for pregnancy complications near delivery. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2020;47(6):471–84. doi: 10.1159/000502177 Sharabi-NovA KumarK Fabjan VodušekV Premru SršenT TulN FabjanT Establishing a differential marker profile for pregnancy complications near delivery Fetal Diagn Ther 2020 47 6 471 84 10.1159/000502177 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Kim YR, Jung I, Park G, Chang SW, Cho HY. First-trimester screening for early preeclampsia risk using maternal characteristics and estimated placental volume. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34(7):1155–60. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1628207 KimYR JungI ParkG ChangSW ChoHY First-trimester screening for early preeclampsia risk using maternal characteristics and estimated placental volume J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021 34 7 1155 60 10.1080/14767058.2019.1628207 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34. Keikkala E, Forstén J, Ritvos O, Stenman UH, Kajantie E, Hämäläinen E, et al. Serum inhibin-A and PAPP-A2 in the prediction of pre-eclampsia during the first and second trimesters in high-risk women. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2021;25:116–22. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.024 KeikkalaE ForsténJ RitvosO StenmanUH KajantieE HämäläinenE Serum inhibin-A and PAPP-A2 in the prediction of pre-eclampsia during the first and second trimesters in high-risk women Pregnancy Hypertens 2021 25 116 22 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.024 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Garcés MF, Vallejo SA, Sanchez E, Palomino-Palomino MA, Leal LG, Ángel-Muller E, et al. Longitudinal analysis of maternal serum Follistatin concentration in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;83(2):229–35. doi: 10.1111/cen.12715 GarcésMF VallejoSA SanchezE Palomino-PalominoMA LealLG Ángel-MullerE Longitudinal analysis of maternal serum Follistatin concentration in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015 83 2 229 35 10.1111/cen.12715 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36. Charkiewicz K, Jasinska E, Goscik J, Koc-Zorawska E, Zorawski M, Kuc P, et al. Angiogenic factor screening in women with mild preeclampsia – New and significant proteins in plasma. Cytokine. 2018;106:125–30. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.020 CharkiewiczK JasinskaE GoscikJ Koc-ZorawskaE ZorawskiM KucP Angiogenic factor screening in women with mild preeclampsia – New and significant proteins in plasma Cytokine 2018 106 125 30 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.020 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37. Charkiewicz K. Maternal plasma angiogenic factor screening in women with preeclampsia. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2016;10(4): e40–1. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.03.097 CharkiewiczK Maternal plasma angiogenic factor screening in women with preeclampsia J Am Soc Hypertens 2016 10 4 e40 1 10.1016/j.jash.2016.03.097 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38. Nevalainen J, Korpimaki T, Kouru H, Sairanen M, Ryynanen M. Performance of first trimester biochemical markers and mean arterial pressure in prediction of early-onset pre-eclampsia. Metabolism. 2017;75:6–15. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.004 NevalainenJ KorpimakiT KouruH SairanenM RyynanenM Performance of first trimester biochemical markers and mean arterial pressure in prediction of early-onset pre-eclampsia Metabolism 2017 75 6 15 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.004 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39. Luo Q, Han X. Second-trimester maternal serum markers in the prediction of preeclampsia. J Perinat Med. 2017;45(7):809–16. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0249 LuoQ HanX Second-trimester maternal serum markers in the prediction of preeclampsia J Perinat Med 2017 45 7 809 16 10.1515/jpm-2016-0249 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40. Han X, He J, Wang A, Dong M. Serum follistatin-like-3 was elevated in second trimester of pregnant women who subsequently developed preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2014;33(3):277–82. doi: 10.3109/10641955.2013.874439 HanX HeJ WangA DongM Serum follistatin-like-3 was elevated in second trimester of pregnant women who subsequently developed preeclampsia Hypertens Pregnancy 2014 33 3 277 82 10.3109/10641955.2013.874439 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. Purut YE, Buyukbayrak EE, Ercan F, Orcun A, Menke M, Karsidag AYK. Do first trimester maternal serum follistatin-like 3 levels predict preeclampsia and/or related adverse pregnancy outcomes? Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2019;46(2):195–200. doi: 10.12891/ceog4423.2019 PurutYE BuyukbayrakEE ErcanF OrcunA MenkeM KarsidagAYK Do first trimester maternal serum follistatin-like 3 levels predict preeclampsia and/or related adverse pregnancy outcomes? Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2019 46 2 195 200 10.12891/ceog4423.2019 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

42. Horvath R, Maski M, Zsengeller Z, Lo A, Pernicone E, Rigo J, et al. Follistatin-like 3 protein (FSTL3) is upregulated in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2016;6(3):144. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2016.08.016 HorvathR MaskiM ZsengellerZ LoA PerniconeE RigoJ Follistatin-like 3 protein (FSTL3) is upregulated in preeclampsia Pregnancy Hypertens 2016 6 3 144 10.1016/j.preghy.2016.08.016 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

43. Li L, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Li J. Serum biomarkers combined with uterine artery Doppler in prediction of preeclampsia. Exp Ther Med. 2016;12(4):2515–20. doi: 10.3892/etm.2016.3625 LiL ZhengY ZhuY LiJ Serum biomarkers combined with uterine artery Doppler in prediction of preeclampsia Exp Ther Med 2016 12 4 2515 20 10.3892/etm.2016.3625 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

44. Xu YT, Shen MH, Jin AY, Li H, Zhu R. Maternal circulating levels of transforming growth factor-β superfamily and its soluble receptors in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2017;137(3):246–52. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12142 XuYT ShenMH JinAY LiH ZhuR Maternal circulating levels of transforming growth factor-β superfamily and its soluble receptors in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017 137 3 246 52 10.1002/ijgo.12142 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

45. Knöfler M, Haider S, Saleh L, Pollheimer J, Gamage TKJB, James J. Human placenta and trophoblast development: key molecular mechanisms and model systems. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76(18):3479–96. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03104-6 KnöflerM HaiderS SalehL PollheimerJ GamageTKJB JamesJ Human placenta and trophoblast development: key molecular mechanisms and model systems Cell Mol Life Sci 2019 76 18 3479 96 10.1007/s00018-019-03104-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

46. Muttukrishna S. Role of inhibin in normal and high-risk pregnancy. Semin Reprod Med. 2004;22(3):227–34. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-831898 MuttukrishnaS Role of inhibin in normal and high-risk pregnancy Semin Reprod Med 2004 22 3 227 34 10.1055/s-2004-831898 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

47. Birdsall M, Ledger W, Groome N, Abdalla H, Muttukrishna S. Inhibin A and activin A in the first trimester of human pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(5):1557–60. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.5.3934 BirdsallM LedgerW GroomeN AbdallaH MuttukrishnaS Inhibin A and activin A in the first trimester of human pregnancy J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 82 5 1557 60 10.1210/jcem.82.5.3934 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

48. Bloise E, Ciarmela P, Dela Cruz C, Luisi S, Petraglia F, Reis FM. Activin A in mammalian physiology. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(1): 739–80. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2018 BloiseE CiarmelaP Dela CruzC LuisiS PetragliaF ReisFM Activin A in mammalian physiology Physiol Rev 2019 99 1 739 80 10.1152/physrev.00002.2018 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

49. O’Connor AE. Serum activin A and follistatin concentrations during human pregnancy: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Hum Reprod. 1999;14(3):827–32. doi: 10.1093/humrep/14.3.827 O’ConnorAE Serum activin A and follistatin concentrations during human pregnancy: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study Hum Reprod 1999 14 3 827 32 10.1093/humrep/14.3.827 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

50. Welt CK. The physiology and pathophysiology of inhibin, activin and follistatin in female reproduction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2002;14(3):317–23. doi: 10.1097/00001703-200206000-00012 WeltCK The physiology and pathophysiology of inhibin, activin and follistatin in female reproduction Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2002 14 3 317 23 10.1097/00001703-200206000-00012 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

51. Parfenova OK, Kukes VG, Grishin DV. Follistatin-like proteins: structure, functions and biomedical importance. Biomedicines. 2021;9(8):999. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9080999 ParfenovaOK KukesVG GrishinDV Follistatin-like proteins: structure, functions and biomedical importance Biomedicines 2021 9 8 999 10.3390/biomedicines9080999 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

52. Yokoyama Y, Nakamura T, Nakamura R, Irahara M, Aono T, Sugino H. Identification of activins and follistatin proteins in human follicular fluid and placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(3):915–21. doi: 10.1210/jcem.80.3.7883850 YokoyamaY NakamuraT NakamuraR IraharaM AonoT SuginoH Identification of activins and follistatin proteins in human follicular fluid and placenta J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 80 3 915 21 10.1210/jcem.80.3.7883850 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

53. Fullerton PT, Monsivais D, Kommagani R, Matzuk MM. Follistatin is critical for mouse uterine receptivity and decidualization. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2017;114(24). doi: 10.1073/pnas.1620903114 FullertonPT MonsivaisD KommaganiR MatzukMM Follistatin is critical for mouse uterine receptivity and decidualization Proc Natl Acad Sci 2017 114 24 10.1073/pnas.1620903114 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

54. Köninger A, Schmidt B, Damaske D, Birdir C, Enekwe A, Kimmig R, et al. Follistatin during pregnancy and its potential role as an ovarian suppressing agent. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017;212:150–4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.03.001 KöningerA SchmidtB DamaskeD BirdirC EnekweA KimmigR Follistatin during pregnancy and its potential role as an ovarian suppressing agent Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017 212 150 4 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.03.001 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

55. Santibañez JF, Quintanilla M, Bernabeu C. TGF-β/TGF-β receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 1979. 2011;121(6):233–51. doi: 10.1042/CS20110086 SantibañezJF QuintanillaM BernabeuC TGF-β/TGF-β receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions Clin Sci (Lond) 1979 2011 121 6 233 51 10.1042/CS20110086 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

56. Moustakas A, Heldin CH. The regulation of TGFbeta signal transduction. Development. 2009;136(22):3699–714. doi: 10.1242/dev.030338 MoustakasA HeldinCH The regulation of TGFbeta signal transduction Development 2009 136 22 3699 714 10.1242/dev.030338 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

57. Schneider-Kolsky ME, Manuelpillai U, Waldron K, Dole A, Wallace EM. The distribution of activin and activin receptors in gestational tissues across human pregnancy and during labour. Placenta. 2002;23(4):294–302. doi: 10.1053/plac.2002.0787 Schneider-KolskyME ManuelpillaiU WaldronK DoleA WallaceEM The distribution of activin and activin receptors in gestational tissues across human pregnancy and during labour Placenta 2002 23 4 294 302 10.1053/plac.2002.0787 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

58. Stoikos CJ, Harrison CA, Salamonsen LA, Dimitriadis E. A distinct cohort of the TGFβ superfamily members expressed in human endometrium regulate decidualization. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(6):1447–56. doi: 10.1093/humrep/den110 StoikosCJ HarrisonCA SalamonsenLA DimitriadisE A distinct cohort of the TGFβ superfamily members expressed in human endometrium regulate decidualization Hum Reprod 2008 23 6 1447 56 10.1093/humrep/den110 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

59. Li Y, Klausen C, Zhu H, Leung PCK. Activin A increases human trophoblast invasion by inducing SNAIL-mediated MMP2 up-regulation through ALK4. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(11):E1415–27. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2134 LiY KlausenC ZhuH LeungPCK Activin A increases human trophoblast invasion by inducing SNAIL-mediated MMP2 up-regulation through ALK4 J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015 100 11 E1415 27 10.1210/jc.2015-2134 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

60. Silver HM, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Reis FM, Diblasio AM, Petraglia F, Canick JA. Mechanism of increased maternal serum total activin A and inhibin A in preeclampsia. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2002;9(5):308–12. doi: 10.1016/s1071-5576(02)00165-x SilverHM Lambert-MesserlianGM ReisFM DiblasioAM PetragliaF CanickJA Mechanism of increased maternal serum total activin A and inhibin A in preeclampsia J Soc Gynecol Investig 2002 9 5 308 12 10.1016/s1071-5576(02)00165-x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

61. Li Y, Klausen C, Cheng JC, Zhu H, Leung PCK. Activin A, B, and AB increase human trophoblast cell invasion by up-regulating N-Cadherin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(11):E2216–25. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-2118 LiY KlausenC ChengJC ZhuH LeungPCK Activin A, B, and AB increase human trophoblast cell invasion by up-regulating N-Cadherin J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014 99 11 E2216 25 10.1210/jc.2014-2118 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

62. Zhu S, Li Z, Cui L, Ban Y, Leung PCK, Li Y, et al. Activin A increases human trophoblast invasion by upregulating integrin β1 through ALK4. FASEB J. 2021;35(2). doi: 10.1096/fj.202001604R ZhuS LiZ CuiL BanY LeungPCK LiY Activin A increases human trophoblast invasion by upregulating integrin β1 through ALK4 FASEB J 2021 35 2 10.1096/fj.202001604R Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

63. Kokkinos MI, Murthi P, Wafai R, Thompson EW, Newgreen DF. Cadherins in the human placenta – epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and placental development. Placenta. 2010;31(9):747–55. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.06.017 KokkinosMI MurthiP WafaiR ThompsonEW NewgreenDF Cadherins in the human placenta – epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and placental development Placenta 2010 31 9 747 55 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.06.017 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

64. Chen J, Khalil RA. Matrix metalloproteinases in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2017;148: 87–165. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.001 ChenJ KhalilRA Matrix metalloproteinases in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2017 148 87 165 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.001 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

65. Shu C, Han S, Hu C, Chen C, Qu B, He J, et al. Integrin β1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of trophoblasts through activation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47(7):2406–16. doi: 10.1111/jog.14782 ShuC HanS HuC ChenC QuB HeJ Integrin β1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of trophoblasts through activation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021 47 7 2406 16 10.1111/jog.14782 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

66. Brkić J, Dunk C, Shan Y, O’Brien JA, Lye P, Qayyum S, et al. Differential role of Smad2 and Smad3 in the acquisition of an endovascular trophoblast-like phenotype and preeclampsia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:436. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00436 BrkićJ DunkC ShanY O’BrienJA LyeP QayyumS Differential role of Smad2 and Smad3 in the acquisition of an endovascular trophoblast-like phenotype and preeclampsia Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020 11 436 10.3389/fendo.2020.00436 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

67. Lim R, Acharya R, Delpachitra P, Hobson S, Sobey CG, Drummond GR, et al. Activin and NADPH-oxidase in preeclampsia: insights from in vitro and murine studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(1):86.e1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.07.021 LimR AcharyaR DelpachitraP HobsonS SobeyCG DrummondGR Activin and NADPH-oxidase in preeclampsia: insights from in vitro and murine studies Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015 212 1 86.e1 12 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.07.021 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

68. Hobson SR, Lim R, Mockler JC, Gurusinghe S, Wallace EM. Role of activin A in the pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction in preeclampsia. In: Murthi P, Vaillancourt C, editors. Preeclampsia. New York, NY: Springer, 2018: 39–52. ISBN: 978-1-4939-7498-6 HobsonSR LimR MocklerJC GurusingheS WallaceEM Role of activin A in the pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction in preeclampsia In: MurthiP VaillancourtC editors. Preeclampsia New York, NY Springer 2018 39 52 ISBN: 978-1-4939-7498-6 Search in Google Scholar

69. Shahul S, Ramadan H, Nizamuddin J, Mueller A, Patel V, Dreixler J, et al. Activin A and late postpartum cardiac dysfunction among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy hypertension. 2018;72(1):188–93. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10888 ShahulS RamadanH NizamuddinJ MuellerA PatelV DreixlerJ Activin A and late postpartum cardiac dysfunction among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy hypertension 2018 72 1 188 93 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10888 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

70. Naseem H, Dreixler J, Mueller A, Tung A, Dhir R, Chibber R, et al. Antepartum aspirin administration reduces activin A and cardiac global longitudinal strain in preeclamptic women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(12):e015997. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015997 NaseemH DreixlerJ MuellerA TungA DhirR ChibberR Antepartum aspirin administration reduces activin A and cardiac global longitudinal strain in preeclamptic women J Am Heart Assoc 2020 9 12 e015997 10.1161/JAHA.119.015997 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

71. Jones RL. Inhibin and activin subunits are differentially expressed in endometrial cells and leukocytes during the menstrual cycle, in early pregnancy and in women using progestin-only contraception. Mol Hum Reprod. 2000;6(12):1107–17. doi: 10.1093/molehr/6.12.1107 JonesRL Inhibin and activin subunits are differentially expressed in endometrial cells and leukocytes during the menstrual cycle, in early pregnancy and in women using progestin-only contraception Mol Hum Reprod 2000 6 12 1107 17 10.1093/molehr/6.12.1107 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

72. Minami S, Yamoto M, Nakano R. Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin/activin subunits in human placenta. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80(3 Pt 1):410–4. MinamiS YamotoM NakanoR Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin/activin subunits in human placenta Obstet Gynecol 1992 80 3 Pt 1 410 4 Search in Google Scholar

73. Bearfield C, Jauniaux E, Groome N, Sargent IL, Muttukrishna S. The secretion and effect of inhibin A, activin A and follistatin on first-trimester trophoblasts in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;152(6):909–16. doi: 10.1530/eje.1.01928 BearfieldC JauniauxE GroomeN SargentIL MuttukrishnaS The secretion and effect of inhibin A, activin A and follistatin on first-trimester trophoblasts in vitro Eur J Endocrinol 2005 152 6 909 16 10.1530/eje.1.01928 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

74. Lambert-Messerlian GM, Pinar H, Laprade E, Tantravahi U, Schneyer A, Canick JA. Inhibins and activins in human fetal abnormalities. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;225(1–2):101–8. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.019 Lambert-MesserlianGM PinarH LapradeE TantravahiU SchneyerA CanickJA Inhibins and activins in human fetal abnormalities Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004 225 1–2 101 8 10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.019 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

75. Taché V, Baer RJ, Currier RJ, Li CS, Towner D, Waetjen LE, et al. Population-based biomarker screening and the development of severe preeclampsia in California. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(4):377.e1–377.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.026 TachéV BaerRJ CurrierRJ LiCS TownerD WaetjenLE Population-based biomarker screening and the development of severe preeclampsia in California Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014 211 4 377.e1 377.e8 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.026 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

76. Kar M. Role of Biomarkers in early detection of preeclampsia. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8(4): BE01–BE04. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/7969.4261 KarM Role of Biomarkers in early detection of preeclampsia J Clin Diagn Res 2014 8 4 BE01 BE04 10.7860/JCDR/2014/7969.4261 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

77. Fitzgerald B, Levytska K, Kingdom J, Walker M, Baczyk D, Keating S. Villous trophoblast abnormalities in extremely pre-term deliveries with elevated second trimester maternal serum hCG or inhibin-A. Placenta. 2011;32(4):339–45. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.01.018 FitzgeraldB LevytskaK KingdomJ WalkerM BaczykD KeatingS Villous trophoblast abnormalities in extremely pre-term deliveries with elevated second trimester maternal serum hCG or inhibin-A Placenta 2011 32 4 339 45 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.01.018 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

78. Depoix CL, de Selliers I, Hubinont C, Debieve F. HIF1A and EPAS1 potentiate hypoxia-induced upregulation of inhibin alpha chain expression in human term cytotrophoblasts in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod. 2017;23(3):199–209. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gax002 DepoixCL de SelliersI HubinontC DebieveF HIF1A and EPAS1 potentiate hypoxia-induced upregulation of inhibin alpha chain expression in human term cytotrophoblasts in vitro Mol Hum Reprod 2017 23 3 199 209 10.1093/molehr/gax002 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

79. Alldred SK, Takwoingi Y, Guo B, Pennant M, Deeks JJ, Neilson JP, et al. First and second trimester serum tests with and without first trimester ultrasound tests for Down's syndrome screening. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD012599. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012599 AlldredSK TakwoingiY GuoB PennantM DeeksJJ NeilsonJP First and second trimester serum tests with and without first trimester ultrasound tests for Down's syndrome screening Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 3 CD012599 10.1002/14651858.CD012599 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

80. Rolnik DL, Nicolaides KH, Poon LC. Prevention of preeclampsia with aspirin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(2S):S1108–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.045 RolnikDL NicolaidesKH PoonLC Prevention of preeclampsia with aspirin Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 226 2S S1108 19 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.045 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

81. Florio P, Luisi S, Ciarmela P, Severi FM, Bocchi C, Petraglia F. Inhibins and activins in pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;225(1):93–100. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.018 FlorioP LuisiS CiarmelaP SeveriFM BocchiC PetragliaF Inhibins and activins in pregnancy Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004 225 1 93 100 10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.018 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

82. Hobson SR, Wallace EM, Chan YF, Edwards AG, Teoh MWT, Khaw APL. Mirroring preeclampsia: the molecular basis of Ballantyne syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(5): 768–73. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1500550 HobsonSR WallaceEM ChanYF EdwardsAG TeohMWT KhawAPL Mirroring preeclampsia: the molecular basis of Ballantyne syndrome J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020 33 5 768 73 10.1080/14767058.2018.1500550 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

83. Xie J, Xu Y, Wan L, Wang P, Wang M, Dong M. Involvement of follistatin-like 3 in preeclampsia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;506(3):692–7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.139 XieJ XuY WanL WangP WangM DongM Involvement of follistatin-like 3 in preeclampsia Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018 506 3 692 7 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.139 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

84. Xu Y, Xie J, Wan L, Wang M, Xu Y, Wang H, et al. Follistatin-like 3, an activin A binding protein, is involved in early pregnancy loss. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;121:109577. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109577 XuY XieJ WanL WangM XuY WangH Follistatin-like 3, an activin A binding protein, is involved in early pregnancy loss Biomed Pharmacother 2020 121 109577 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109577 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

85. Schneyer A, Sidis Y, Xia Y, Saito S, Re E del, Lin HY, et al. Differential actions of follistatin and follistatin-like 3. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;225(1):25–8. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.009 SchneyerA SidisY XiaY SaitoS ReE del LinHY Differential actions of follistatin and follistatin-like 3 Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004 225 1 25 8 10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.009 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

86. Xie J, Zhu H, Chang HM, Klausen C, Dong M, Leung PCK. GDF8 promotes the cell invasiveness in human trophoblasts by upregulating the expression of follistatin-like 3 through the ALK5-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:573781. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573781 XieJ ZhuH ChangHM KlausenC DongM LeungPCK GDF8 promotes the cell invasiveness in human trophoblasts by upregulating the expression of follistatin-like 3 through the ALK5-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway Front Cell Dev Biol 2020 8 573781 10.3389/fcell.2020.573781 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

87. Matsuzaki K. Smad phosphoisoform signaling specificity: the right place at the right time. Carcinogenesis. 2011;32(11): 1578–88. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr172 MatsuzakiK Smad phosphoisoform signaling specificity: the right place at the right time Carcinogenesis 2011 32 11 1578 88 10.1093/carcin/bgr172 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

88. Adu-Gyamfi EA, Tanam-Djankpa F, Nelson W, Czika A, Kumar-Sah S, Lamptey J, et al. Activin and inhibin signaling: from regulation of physiology to involvement in the pathology of the female reproductive system. Cytokine. 2020;133:155105. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155105 Adu-GyamfiEA Tanam-DjankpaF NelsonW CzikaA Kumar-SahS LampteyJ Activin and inhibin signaling: from regulation of physiology to involvement in the pathology of the female reproductive system Cytokine 2020 133 155105 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155105 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar