COVID-19 and tuberculosis co-infection in pregnancy – A case series and review

1Treatment for TB Disease & Pregnancy. Tuberculosis (TB). Treatment. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Page last reviewed: August 13, 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/pregnancy.htm Treatment for TB Disease & Pregnancy. Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Page last reviewed: August 13, 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/pregnancy.htmSearch in Google Scholar

2Collaborative Framework for Management of Tuberculosis in Pregnant Women. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Government of India. 2020 Mar 18:46. Available from: https://tbcindia.gov.in/WriteReadData/180320_DRAFT_FrameworkforManagementofTBinPregnantWomen.pdf Collaborative Framework for Management of Tuberculosis in Pregnant Women Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Government of India 2020 Mar 18:46. Available from https://tbcindia.gov.in/WriteReadData/180320_DRAFT_FrameworkforManagementofTBinPregnantWomen.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

3Coronavirus Infection and Pregnancy. Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/coronavirus-pregnancy/covid-19-virus-infection-and-pregnancy/ Coronavirus Infection and Pregnancy Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/coronavirus-pregnancy/covid-19-virus-infection-and-pregnancy/Search in Google Scholar

4Berhan Y. What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? J Reprod Immunol. 2020;142:103180. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103180 Berhan Y What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? J Reprod Immunol 2020142103180 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103180Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5Guidance for Management of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Pandemic. Parel, Mumbai: ICMR – National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, 2020:17. Available from: https://covid.aiims.edu/guidance_for_management_of_pregnant_women_in_covid19_pandemic_12042020/ Guidance for Management of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Pandemic Parel, Mumbai: ICMR – National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health 202017 Available from https://covid.aiims.edu/guidance_for_management_of_pregnant_women_in_covid19_pandemic_12042020/Search in Google Scholar

6Schmid MB, Fontijn J, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Berger C, Bassler D. COVID-19 in pregnant women. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(6):653. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30175-4 Schmid MB Fontijn J Ochsenbein-Kölble N Berger C Bassler D COVID-19 in pregnant women Lancet Infect Dis 2020206653 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30175-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7Lopes de Sousa ÁF, Carvalho HEF, Oliveira LB, Schneider G, Camargo ELS, Watanabe E, et al. Effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis: What is the evidence? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):4176. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114176 [cited 2020 Oct 27] Lopes de Sousa ÁF Carvalho HEF Oliveira LB Schneider G Camargo ELS Watanabe E et al Effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal prognosis: What is the evidence? Int J Environ Res Public Health 202017114176 10.3390/ijerph17114176 cited 2020 Oct 27731304932545378Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8Boelig RC, Manuck T, Oliver EA, Di Mascio D, Saccone G, Bellussi F, et al. Labor and delivery guidance for COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(2):100110. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100110 Boelig RC Manuck T Oliver EA Di Mascio D Saccone G Bellussi F et al Labor and delivery guidance for COVID-19 Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 202022100110 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100110727048632518901Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9Fontanella F, Hannes S, Keating N, Martyn F, Browne I, Briet J, et al. COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy: current clinical dilemmas. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;251:268–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.053 Fontanella F Hannes S Keating N Martyn F Browne I Briet J et al COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy: current clinical dilemmas Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020251268 71 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.053725651132505514Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10Guidance note on Bi-directional TB-COVID screening and screening of TB among ILI/SARI cases. 2020 August. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India; 3. [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/1TBCOVIDscreeningguidancenote.pdf Guidance note on Bi-directional TB-COVID screening and screening of TB among ILI/SARI cases 2020 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) India 3 [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/1TBCOVIDscreeningguidancenote.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

11Narang K, Enninga EAL, Gunaratne MDSK, Ibirogba ER, Trad ATA, Elrefaei A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 during pregnancy: a multidisciplinary review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(8):1750–65. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.011 Narang K Enninga EAL Gunaratne MDSK Ibirogba ER Trad ATA Elrefaei A et al SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 during pregnancy: a multidisciplinary review Mayo Clin Proc 20209581750 65 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.011726048632753148Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12Zambrano LD, Ellington S, Strid P, Galang RR, Oduyebo T, Tong VT, et al.; CDC COVID-19 Response Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team. Update: characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status – United States, January 22–October 3, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(44):1641–7. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6944e3. [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6944e3.htm Zambrano LD Ellington S Strid P Galang RR Oduyebo T Tong VT et al CDC COVID-19 Response Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team. Update: characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status – United States, January 22–October 3, 2020 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 202069441641 7 10.15585/mmwr.mm6944e3 [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6944e3.htm764389233151921Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13Woodworth KR, Olsen EO, Neelam V, Lewis EL, Galang RR, Oduyebo T, et al.; CDC COVID-19 Response Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team; COVID-19 Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team (PILOT). Birth and infant outcomes following laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy – SET-NET, 16 Jurisdictions, March 29– October 14, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 20206;69(44):1635–40. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6944e2. [cited 2020 Nov 16];69. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6944e2.htm Woodworth KR Olsen EO Neelam V Lewis EL Galang RR Oduyebo T et al CDC COVID-19 Response Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team; COVID-19 Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team (PILOT). Birth and infant outcomes following laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy – SET-NET, 16 Jurisdictions, March 29– October 14, 2020 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020669441635 40 10.15585/mmwr.mm6944e2 [cited 2020 Nov 16];69. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6944e2.htm764389833151917Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14Karimi MA, Radpour A, Sedaghat A, Gity M, Hekmatnia A, Sanei-Taheri M, et al. Proposed imaging guidelines for pregnant women suspected of having COVID-19. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(6):902–3. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.018 Karimi MA Radpour A Sedaghat A Gity M Hekmatnia A Sanei-Taheri M et al Proposed imaging guidelines for pregnant women suspected of having COVID-19 Acad Radiol 2020276902 3 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.018716486632335003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15Odayar J, Myer L, Malaba TR. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: more questions than answers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;26:100534. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100534. [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30278-9/abstract Odayar J Myer L Malaba TR The epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: more questions than answers EClinicalMedicine 202026100534 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100534 [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30278-9/abstract750217932984789Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16López M, Gonce A, Meler E, Plaza A, Hernández S, Martinez-Portilla RJ, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: a clinical management protocol and considerations for practice. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2020;47(7):519–28. doi: 10.1159/000508487. [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/508487 López M Gonce A Meler E Plaza A Hernández S Martinez-Portilla RJ et al Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: a clinical management protocol and considerations for practice Fetal Diagn Ther 2020477519 28 10.1159/000508487 [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/508487736258732535599Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17The American Colleague of Obstetrician and Gynecologists, and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Outpatient assessment and management for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19). 2020 Jul 14. [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/-/media/project/acog/acogorg/files/pdfs/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/covid-19-algorithm.pdf?la=en&hash=2D9E7F62C97F8231561616FFDCA3B1A6 The American Colleague of Obstetrician and Gynecologists, and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Outpatient assessment and management for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) 2020 Jul 14. [cited 2020 Nov 16]. Available from https://www.acog.org/-/media/project/acog/acogorg/files/pdfs/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/covid-19-algorithm.pdf?la=en&hash=2D9E7F62C97F8231561616FFDCA3B1A6Search in Google Scholar

18Wieseler KM, Bhargava P, Kanal KM, Vaidya S, Stewart BK, Dighe MK. Imaging in pregnant patients: examination appropriateness. Radiographics. 2010;30(5):1215–29; discussion 1230–3. doi: 10.1148/rg.305105034 Wieseler KM Bhargava P Kanal KM Vaidya S Stewart BK Dighe MK Imaging in pregnant patients: examination appropriateness Radiographics 20103051215 29 discussion 1230–3 10.1148/rg.30510503420833847Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19Burwick RM, Yawetz S, Stephenson KE, Collier AY, Sen P, Blackburn BG, et al. Compassionate use of remdesivir in pregnant women with severe Covid-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 8:ciaa1466. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1466. Epub ahead of print. [cited 2020 Nov 16]; Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1466/5919737 Burwick RM Yawetz S Stephenson KE Collier AY Sen P Blackburn BG et al Compassionate use of remdesivir in pregnant women with severe Covid-19 Clin Infect Dis 2020 Oct 8ciaa1466 10.1093/cid/ciaa1466 Epub ahead of print. [cited 2020 Nov 16]; Available from https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1466/5919737779773933031500Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20Lacroix I, Bénévent J, Damase-Michel C. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy: What do we know? Therapie. 2020;75(4):384–5. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.004 Lacroix I Bénévent J Damase-Michel C Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy: What do we know? Therapie 2020754384 5 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.004721169432418732Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21Saad AF, Chappell L, Saade GR, Pacheco LD. Corticosteroids in the Management of pregnant patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136(4):823–6. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004103 Saad AF Chappell L Saade GR Pacheco LD Corticosteroids in the Management of pregnant patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Obstet Gynecol 20201364823 6 10.1097/AOG.000000000000410332769659Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22Day M. Covid-19: ibuprofen should not be used for managing symptoms, say doctors and scientists. BMJ. 2020;368:m1086. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1086 Day M Covid-19: ibuprofen should not be used for managing symptoms, say doctors and scientists BMJ 2020368m1086 10.1136/bmj.m108632184201Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23Turan O, Hakim A, Dashraath P, Jeslyn WJL, Wright A, Abdul-Kadir R. Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized pregnant women: a systematic review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;151(1):7–16. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13329 Turan O Hakim A Dashraath P Jeslyn WJL Wright A Abdul-Kadir R Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized pregnant women: a systematic review Int J Gynaecol Obstet 202015117 16 10.1002/ijgo.1332932816307Open DOISearch in Google Scholar