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To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,000 urine samples were examined for the presence of <italic>E. coli</italic> by selective plating on MacConkey, CLED, and sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Vitek® 2 Compact (MIC) and the disc diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton agar. Genes encoding virulence factors (<italic>kpsMTII</italic>, <italic>traT</italic>, <italic>sat</italic>, <italic>csgA</italic>, <italic>vat</italic>, and <italic>iutA</italic>) were detected by PCR. The overall prevalence of UTI-associated <italic>E. coli</italic> was low, and a higher prevalence was detected in samples of female origin. Many of the isolates exhibited resistance to norfloxacin, and 60% of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin. No resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem was detected. In general, half of the isolates showed multiple resistance patterns. UPEC exhibited a weak ability to form biofilms, where no correlation was observed between multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All uropathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates carried the <italic>kpsMTII</italic>, <italic>iutA</italic>, <italic>traT</italic>, and <italic>csgA</italic> genes, whereas the low number of the isolates harbored the <italic>sat</italic> and <italic>vat</italic> genes. The diversity of virulence factors harbored by community-associated UPEC may render them more virulent and further explain the recurrence/relapse cases among community-associated UITs. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first exploration of virulence, biofilm-forming ability, and its association with multidrug resistance among UPEC isolates in Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of community-associated UPEC in Saudi Arabia.
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To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,000 urine samples were examined for the presence of E. coli by selective plating on MacConkey, CLED, and sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Vitek® 2 Compact (MIC) and the disc diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton agar. Genes encoding virulence factors (kpsMTII, traT, sat, csgA, vat, and iutA) were detected by PCR. The overall prevalence of UTI-associated E. coli was low, and a higher prevalence was detected in samples of female origin. Many of the isolates exhibited resistance to norfloxacin, and 60% of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin. No resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem was detected. In general, half of the isolates showed multiple resistance patterns. UPEC exhibited a weak ability to form biofilms, where no correlation was observed between multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All uropathogenic E. coli isolates carried the kpsMTII, iutA, traT, and csgA genes, whereas the low number of the isolates harbored the sat and vat genes. The diversity of virulence factors harbored by community-associated UPEC may render them more virulent and further explain the recurrence/relapse cases among community-associated UITs. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first exploration of virulence, biofilm-forming ability, and its association with multidrug resistance among UPEC isolates in Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of community-associated UPEC in Saudi Arabia.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> in Western Saudi Arabia

Polish Journal of Microbiology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic  in Western Saudi Arabia

To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi...

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Western Saudi Arabia

Article Category: Original Paper

Pubblicato online: 02 set 2022

Pagine: 325 - 339

Ricevuto: 27 apr 2022

Accettato: 01 lug 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-029

Parole chiave
Uropathogenic, antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, biofilm formation, urinary tract infection, Saudi Arabia

© 2022 Sara H. Arafa et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Western Saudi Arabia

Article Category: Original Paper

Pubblicato online: 02 set 2022

Pagine: 325 - 339

Ricevuto: 27 apr 2022

Accettato: 01 lug 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-029

Parole chiaveUropathogenic, antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, biofilm formation, urinary tract infection, Saudi Arabia

© 2022 Sara H. Arafa et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Parole chiave
Uropathogenic, antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, biofilm formation, urinary tract infection, Saudi Arabia