QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Test in Diagnostics of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children Aged 1–14 in a Country with a Low Tuberculosis Incidence
, e | 06 dic 2021
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Article Category: original-paper
Pubblicato online: 06 dic 2021
Pagine: 461 - 468
Ricevuto: 22 lug 2021
Accettato: 11 ott 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-042
Parole chiave
© 2021 Dagmara Borkowska-Tatar et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
QFT-Plus, TST, and microbiological examinations results of all children (n = 213). Final diagnosis divided into three groups regarding the exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
| Children n = 213 | QFT-Plus | TST | Bacteriological tests | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | ‒ | Indeterminate | + | ‒ | No order | + | ‒ | No order | ||
| Group 1 confirmed TB household contacn = 156 | LTBI n = 30 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 1 | |||||
| 6 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||||||
| TB n = 20 | 16 | 16 | 1 | 15 | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| no LTBITB n = 106 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| 103 | 103 | 19 | 84 | |||||||
| Group 2 excluded TB household contact n = 54 | LTBI n = 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| TB n = 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| no LTBI/TB n = 46 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
| 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | |||||||
| 35 | 35 | 10 | 25 | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Group 3 no known contact exposure n = 3 | no LTBI/TB n = 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Total | 213 (100%) | 42 (19.7%) | 170 (79.8%) | 1 (0.47%) | 61 (28.6%) | 143 (67.1%) | 9 (4.2%) | 3 (1.4%) | 84 (39.4%) | 126 (59.1%) |
Comparison of TST and QFT-Plus in two groups: 1–4 (n = 79) and 5–14 (n = 125) years old.
| 1–4 age (n = 79) | 5–14 age (n = 125) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QFT-Plus | TST | QFT-Plus | TST | ||||
| + | ‒ | Total | + | ‒ | Tot al | ||
| + | 12a | 0 | 12 | + | 29b | 0 | 29 |
| ‒ | 4 | 63a | 67 | ‒ | 16 | 80b | 96 |
| Total | 16 | 63 | 79 | Total | 45 | 80 | 125 |
Interpretation criteria of a positive TSTa in investigated TB contacts.
| Risk of TB infection | Patient groups |
|---|---|
| High (close contact with a smear-positive TB patient) | |
| ≥ 15 mm | Immunocompetent, BCG-vaccinated > 12 months of age |
| ≥ 10 mm | Immunocompetent, non-BCG-vaccinated or BCG-vaccinated in the first year of life |
| ≥ 5 mm | non-BCG-vaccinated |
| Low (other contacts of TB patient) | |
| ≥ 15 mm | Immunocompetent, non-BCG-vaccinated or BCG-vaccinated in the first year of life, TST is not recommended for those vaccinated after 12 months of age |
| ≥ 10 mm | HIV and other factors of increased risk of developing TB, regardless of BCG vaccination |
QFT-Plus and TST (mm) results in two age groups: 1–4 (n = 83) and 5–14 (n = 130) years old.
| Children | QFT-Plus n = 213 | TST n = 204 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Number | + | ‒ | Indeterminate | Number | (≥ 10 mm) | (< 10 mm) | No order |
| 1–4 | 83 | 13 (15.7%) | 70 (84.3%) | 0 | 79 | 17 (21.5%) | 62 (78.5%) | 4 |
| 5–14 | 130 | 29 (22.3%) | 100 (76.9%) | 1 (0.77%) | 125 | 45 (36%) | 80 (64%) | 5 |
| Total | 213 | 42 (19.7%) | 170 (79.8%) | 1 (0.46%) | 204 | 62 (30.4%) | 142 (69.6%) | 9 |
Characteristics of the study population (n = 213 children).
| Characteristics | Number (n = 213) | % |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | 98 | 46 |
| Female | 115 | 54 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 1–4 | 83 | 39 |
| 5–14 | 130 | 61 |
| Nationality | ||
| Polish | 205 | 96 |
| English | 2 | 1 |
| Danish | 2 | 1 |
| Ukrainian | 4 | 2 |
| BCG vaccination | ||
| the second day of life | 208 | 97.5 |
| 6 years | 1 | 0.5 |
| no BCG vaccination | 4 | 2 |
| Exposure to tuberculosis (children groups) | ||
| 1: confirmed TB household contact | 156 | 73.2 |
| 2: excluded TB household contact | 54 | 25.4 |
| 3: unknown contact exposure | 3 | 1.4 |