[Fustinoni S, Giampiccolo R, Pulvirenti S, Buratti M, Colombi A. Headspace solid-phase microextraction for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in urine. J Chromatogr B 1999;723:105-15.10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00515-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Menendéz JCF, Sánchez mLF, Uría JES, Martínez EF, Sanz-Medel A. Static headspace, solid-phase microextraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction for BTEX determination in aqueous samples by gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2000;415:9-20.10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00862-X]Search in Google Scholar
[International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Benzene. Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans, suppl. 7. Lyon: IARC; 1987.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schroers HJ, Jermann E, Begerow J, Hajimiragha H, Chiarotti-Omar AM, Dunemann L. Determination of physiological levels of volatile organic compounds in blood using static headspace capillary gas chromatography with serial triple detection. Analyst 1998;123:715-20.10.1039/a706226e]Search in Google Scholar
[Andreoli R, Manini P, Bergamaschi E, Brustolin A, Mutti A. Solid-phase microextraction of gas chromatographymass spectrometry for determination of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine: application to people exposed to air pollutants. Chromatographia 1999;50:167-72.10.1007/BF02490647]Search in Google Scholar
[Ilgen E, Karfich N, Levsen K, Angerer J, Schneider P, Heinrich J, Wichmann HE, Dunemann L, Begerow J. Aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric environment: Part I. Indoor versus outdoor sources, the influence of traffic. Atmos Environ 2001;35:1235-52.10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00388-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Perbellini L, Pasini F, Romani S, Princivalle A, Brugnone F. Analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene in biological samples from the general population. J Chromatogr B 2002;778:199-210.10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00446-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Wallace L, Buckley T, Pellizzari E, Gordon S. Breath measurements as volatile organic compound biomarkers. Environ Health Perspect 1996;104(Suppl 5):861-9.10.1289/ehp.96104s5861]Search in Google Scholar
[Gobba F, Ghittori S, Imbriani M, Maestri L, Capodaglio E, Cavalleri A. The urinary excretion of solvents and gases for the biological monitoring of occupational exposure: a review. Sci Total Environ 1997;199:3-12.10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05476-4]Search in Google Scholar
[Hung IF, Lee SA, Chen RK. Simultaneous determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in urine by thermal desorption-gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B 1998;706:352-7.10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00554-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Fustinoni S, Buratti M, Giampiccolo R, Pulvirenti S, Colombi A. Monitoraggio biologico dell'esposizione a solventi: metodo per la determinazione gascromatografica degli idrocarburi aromatici nel sangue e nell'urina [Biological monitoring of exposure to solvents: a method for the gas-chromatographic determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in the blood and urine, in Italian]. Med Lav 1996;87:63-75.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brčić I, Skender Lj. Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in urine by purge and trap gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2003;26:1225-9.10.1002/jssc.200301432]Search in Google Scholar
[Minoia C, Meroni G, Aprea C, Oppezzo MC, Magnaghi S, Sciarra G, Barisano A, Fiorentino mL, Berri A, Bellinzona M, Robustelli della Cuna FS, Frigerio F, Schiavi A, Di Gregorio L. Environmental and urinary reference values as markers of exposure to hydrocarbons in urban areas. Sci Total Environ 1996;192:163-82.10.1016/S0048-9697(96)05312-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Zhang ZY, Pawliszyn J. Headspace solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chem 1993;65:1843-52.10.1021/ac00062a008]Search in Google Scholar
[Miller JC, Miller JN, editors. Statistics for Analytical Chemistry. 1st ed. Chichester: Ellis Horwood; 1984.]Search in Google Scholar
[Krämer Alkade T, Peralba MCR, Zini CA, Caramão EB. Quantitative analysis of benzene, toluene, and xylenes in urine by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2004;1027:37-40.10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.00714971481]Search in Google Scholar
[Skender Lj, Brčić I, Karačić V. Urine analysis for the evaluation of environmental exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. Arch Environ Health 2004;59:237-44.10.3200/AEOH.59.5.237-24416201669]Search in Google Scholar