This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Virkstis K, Boston-Fleischhauer C, Rewers L, Critchley N, Whitemarsh K, Paiewonsky A, et al. 7 executive strategies to stabilize the nursing workforce. J Nurs Adm. 2022; 52(4):194–196. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001129.VirkstisKBoston-FleischhauerCRewersLCritchleyNWhitemarshKPaiewonskyA7 executive strategies to stabilize the nursing workforceJ Nurs Adm202252419419610.1097/NNA.0000000000001129Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
OECD / EU. Fewer young people want to become nurses in half of OECD countries. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2024.OECD / EUFewer young people want to become nurses in half of OECD countriesParisOECD Publishing2024Search in Google Scholar
de Vries N, Boone A, Godderis L, Bouman J, Szemik S, Matranga D, et al. The race to retain healthcare workers: A systematic review on factors that impact retention of nurses and physicians in hospitals. Inquiry. 2023;60:00469580231159318. doi: 10.1177/00469580231159318.de VriesNBooneAGodderisLBoumanJSzemikSMatrangaDThe race to retain healthcare workers: A systematic review on factors that impact retention of nurses and physicians in hospitalsInquiry2023600046958023115931810.1177/00469580231159318Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Al Sabei SD, Labrague LJ, Miner Ross A, Karkada S, Albashayreh A, Al Masroori F, et al. Nursing work environment, turnover intention, job burnout, and quality of care: The moderating role of job satisfaction. J Nurs Scholarship. 2020;52:95–104. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12528.Al SabeiSDLabragueLJMiner RossAKarkadaSAlbashayrehAAl MasrooriFNursing work environment, turnover intention, job burnout, and quality of care: The moderating role of job satisfactionJ Nurs Scholarship2020529510410.1111/jnu.12528Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ejebu OZ, Turnbull J, Atherton I, Rafferty AM, Palmer B, Philippou J, et al. What might make nurses stay? A protocol for discrete choice experiments to understand NHS nurses’ preferences at early- career and late-career stages. BMJ Open. 2024;14:e075066. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075066.EjebuOZTurnbullJAthertonIRaffertyAMPalmerBPhilippouJWhat might make nurses stay? A protocol for discrete choice experiments to understand NHS nurses’ preferences at early- career and late-career stagesBMJ Open202414e07506610.1136/bmjopen-2023-075066Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Van der Heijden B, Mahoney CB, Xu Y. Impact of job demands and resources on nurses’ burnout and occupational turnover intention towards an age-moderated mediation model for the nursing profession. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(11):2011. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16112011.Van der HeijdenBMahoneyCBXuYImpact of job demands and resources on nurses’ burnout and occupational turnover intention towards an age-moderated mediation model for the nursing professionInt J Environ Res Public Health20191611201110.3390/ijerph16112011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
McKenna J, Jeske D. Ethical leadership and decision author ity effects on nurses’ engagement, exhaustion, and turnover intention. J Adv Nurs. 2021; 77(1):198–206. doi: 10.1111/jan.14591.McKennaJJeskeDEthical leadership and decision author ity effects on nurses’ engagement, exhaustion, and turnover intentionJ Adv Nurs202177119820610.1111/jan.14591Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sasso L, Bagnasco A, Catania G, Zanini M, Aleo G, Watson R, et al. Working Group. Push and pull factors of nurses’ intention to leave. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27(5):946–54. doi:10.1111/jonm.12745.SassoLBagnascoACataniaGZaniniMAleoGWatsonRWorking Group. Push and pull factors of nurses’ intention to leaveJ Nurs Manag.20192759465410.1111/jonm.12745Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
de Vries N, Maniscalco L, Matranga D, Bouman J, de Winter JP. Determinants of intention to leave among nurses and physicians in a hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2024;19(3):e0300377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300377.de VriesNManiscalcoLMatrangaDBoumanJde WinterJPDeterminants of intention to leave among nurses and physicians in a hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysisPLoS One2024193e030037710.1371/journal.pone.0300377Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Çamveren H, Kocaman G. Factors influencing a university hospital nurses’ intentions to leave the unit, organisation and profession: A cross-sectional study. J Health Manag. 2021;23(2):240–250.ÇamverenHKocamanGFactors influencing a university hospital nurses’ intentions to leave the unit, organisation and profession: A cross-sectional studyJ Health Manag.2021232240250Search in Google Scholar
Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse’s intentions to stay. Nursing Open. 2023;10:2842–2858. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1588.PressleyCGarsideJSafeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse’s intentions to stayNursing Open2023102842285810.1002/nop2.1588Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Alkan E, Cushen-Brewster N, Anyanwu P. Organisational factors associated with healthcare workforce development, recruitment, and retention in the United Kingdom: A systematic review. BMC Nurs. 2024;23:604. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02216-0.AlkanECushen-BrewsterNAnyanwuPOrganisational factors associated with healthcare workforce development, recruitment, and retention in the United Kingdom: A systematic reviewBMC Nurs20242360410.1186/s12912-024-02216-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Liu Y, Duan Y, Guo M. Turnover intention and its associated factors among nurses: A multi center cross sectional study. Front Public Health. 2023;11:2023. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1141441.LiuYDuanYGuoMTurnover intention and its associated factors among nurses: A multi center cross sectional studyFront Public Health202311202310.3389/fpubh.2023.1141441Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Burmeister EA, Kalisch BJ, Xie B, Doumit MAA, Lee E, Ferraresion A, et al. Determinants of nurse absenteeism and intent to leave: An international study. J Nurs Manag. 2019; 27(1):143–153. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12659.BurmeisterEAKalischBJXieBDoumitMAALeeEFerraresionADeterminants of nurse absenteeism and intent to leave: An international studyJ Nurs Manag201927114315310.1111/jonm.12659Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Karlsson A, Gunningberg L, Bäckström J, Pöder U. Registered nurses’ perspectives of work satisfaction, patient safety and intention to stay – a double-edged sword. J Nurs Manag. 2019; 27(7):1359–1365. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12816.KarlssonAGunningbergLBäckströmJPöderURegistered nurses’ perspectives of work satisfaction, patient safety and intention to stay – a double-edged swordJ Nurs Manag.20192771359136510.1111/jonm.12816Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Leineweber C, Chungkham HS, Lindqvist R, Westerlund H, Runesdotter S. Nurses’ practice environment and satisfaction with schedule flexibility is related to intention to leave due to dissatisfaction: A multi-country, multilevel study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016; 58:47–58. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.003.LeineweberCChungkhamHSLindqvistRWesterlundHRunesdotterSNurses’ practice environment and satisfaction with schedule flexibility is related to intention to leave due to dissatisfaction: A multi-country, multilevel studyInt J Nurs Stud.201658475810.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Eltaybani S, Noguchi-Watanabe M, Igarashi A, Saito Y, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Factors related to intention to stay in the current workplace among long-term care nurses: A nationwide survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018; 80:118–127. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.008.EltaybaniSNoguchi-WatanabeMIgarashiASaitoYYamamoto-MitaniNFactors related to intention to stay in the current workplace among long-term care nurses: A nationwide surveyInt J Nurs Stud.20188011812710.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.008Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yarbrough S, Martin P, Alfred D, McNeill C. Professional values, job satisfaction, career development, and intent to stay. Nurs Ethics. 2017; 24(6):675–685. doi: 10.1177/0969733015623098.YarbroughSMartinPAlfredDMcNeillCProfessional values, job satisfaction, career development, and intent to stayNurs Ethics201724667568510.1177/0969733015623098Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
French R, Aiken LH, Fitzpatrick-Rosenbaum KE, Laseter KB. Conditions of nursing practice in hospitals and nursing homes before COVID-19: Implications for policy action. J Nurs Regulation. 2022; 13(1):45–53. doi: 10.1016/S2155-8256(22)00033-3.FrenchRAikenLHFitzpatrick-RosenbaumKELaseterKBConditions of nursing practice in hospitals and nursing homes before COVID-19: Implications for policy actionJ Nurs Regulation.2022131455310.1016/S2155-8256(22)00033-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Williamson L, Burog W, Taylor R. A scoping review of strategies used to recruit and retain nurses in the healthcare workforce. J Nurs Manag. 2022;30(7):2845–2853. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13786.WilliamsonLBurogWTaylorRA scoping review of strategies used to recruit and retain nurses in the healthcare workforceJ Nurs Manag.20223072845285310.1111/jonm.13786Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cardiff S, Gershuni O, Giesbergen-Brekelmans A. How local, first-line nurse leaders can positively influence nurse intent to stay and retention: A realist review. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32(19–20):6934–6950. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16813.CardiffSGershuniOGiesbergen-BrekelmansAHow local, first-line nurse leaders can positively influence nurse intent to stay and retention: A realist reviewJ Clin Nurs20233219–206934695010.1111/jocn.16813Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Muir K, Porat-Dahlerbruch J, Nikpour J, Leep-Lazar K, Lasater K. Top factors in nurses ending health care employment between 2018 and 2021. JAMA Netw Open. 2024; 7(4):e244121. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4121.MuirKPorat-DahlerbruchJNikpourJLeep-LazarKLasaterKTop factors in nurses ending health care employment between 2018 and 2021JAMA Netw Open202474e24412110.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4121Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Griffiths P, Dall Ora C, Simon M, Ball J, Lindqvist R, Rafferty AM, et al. Nurses’ shift length and overtime working in 12 European countries: The association with perceived quality of care and patient safety. Med Care. 2014; 52(11):975–81. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000233.GriffithsPDall OraCSimonMBallJLindqvistRRaffertyAMNurses’ shift length and overtime working in 12 European countries: The association with perceived quality of care and patient safetyMed Care201452119758110.1097/MLR.0000000000000233Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Azzellino G, Dante A, Petrucci C, Caponnetto V, Aitella E, Lancia L, et al. Intention to leave and missed nursing care: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud Advances. 2025;8:100312. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100312.AzzellinoGDanteAPetrucciCCaponnettoVAitellaELanciaLIntention to leave and missed nursing care: A scoping reviewInt J Nurs Stud Advances2025810031210.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100312Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gholami M, Saki M, Hossein P, Amir H. Nurses’ perception of empowerment and its relationship with organizational commitment and trust in teaching hospitals in Iran. J Nurs Manag. 2019; 27(5):1020–1029. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12766.GholamiMSakiMHosseinPAmirHNurses’ perception of empowerment and its relationship with organizational commitment and trust in teaching hospitals in IranJ Nurs Manag.20192751020102910.1111/jonm.12766Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kerzman H, Van Dijk D, Siman-Tov M, Friedman S, Goldberg, S. Professional characteristics and work attitudes of hospital nurses who leave compared with those who stay. J Nurs Manag. 2020; 28(6):1364–1371. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13090.KerzmanHVan DijkDSiman-TovMFriedmanSGoldberg,SProfessional characteristics and work attitudes of hospital nurses who leave compared with those who stayJ Nurs Manag.20202861364137110.1111/jonm.13090Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Park JH, Park MJ, Hwang HY. Intention to leave among staff nurses in small-and medium-sized hospitals. J Clin Nurs. 2019;28:1856–1867. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14802.ParkJHParkMJHwangHYIntention to leave among staff nurses in small-and medium-sized hospitalsJ Clin Nurs2019281856186710.1111/jocn.14802Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Tadesse B, Dechasa A, Ayana M, Tura MR. Intention to leave nursing profession and its associated factors among nurses: A facility based cross-sectional study. Inquiry. 2023;60:469580231200602. doi: 10.1177/00469580231200602.TadesseBDechasaAAyanaMTuraMRIntention to leave nursing profession and its associated factors among nurses: A facility based cross-sectional studyInquiry20236046958023120060210.1177/00469580231200602Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kiptulon EK, Zrínyi M, Siket AU. Intentions to leave the job and nursing profession among nurses in Kenya’s referral hospitals: Exploring the effects of organizational culture, work-related stress and job satisfaction. BMC Nurs. 2025;24(1):823. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03422-0.KiptulonEKZrínyiMSiketAUIntentions to leave the job and nursing profession among nurses in Kenya’s referral hospitals: Exploring the effects of organizational culture, work-related stress and job satisfactionBMC Nurs202524182310.1186/s12912-025-03422-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wang L, Tao H, Bowers BJ, Brown R, Zhang Y. When nurse emotional intelligence matters: How transformational leadership influences intent to stay. J Nurs Manag. 2018; 26(4):358–365. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12509.WangLTaoHBowersBJBrownRZhangYWhen nurse emotional intelligence matters: How transformational leadership influences intent to stayJ Nurs Manag.201826435836510.1111/jonm.12509Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sermeus W, Aiken LH, Van Den HK, Rafferty AM, Griffiths P, Moreno-Casbas MT, et al. Nurse forecasting in Europe (RN4CAST): Rationale, design and methodology. BMC Nurs. 2011;10:6. doi: 10.1186/1472-6955-10-6.SermeusWAikenLHVan DenHKRaffertyAMGriffithsPMoreno-CasbasMTNurse forecasting in Europe (RN4CAST): Rationale, design and methodologyBMC Nurs201110610.1186/1472-6955-10-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Skela Savič B, Sermeus W, Dello S, Squires A, Bahun M, Lobe B. How nurses’ job characteristics affect their self-assessed work environment in hospitals: Slovenian use of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index. BMC Nurs. 2023;22:1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01261-5.Skela SavičBSermeusWDelloSSquiresABahunMLobeBHow nurses’ job characteristics affect their self-assessed work environment in hospitals: Slovenian use of the practice environment scale of the nursing work indexBMC Nurs20232211210.1186/s12912-023-01261-5Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter M. Maslach burnout inventory: Manual. 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press; 1996.MaslachCJacksonSELeiterMMaslach burnout inventory: Manual3rd edPalo Alto, CAConsulting Psychologist Press1996Search in Google Scholar
Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; 52:397–422. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397.MaslachCSchaufeliWBLeiterMPJob burnoutAnnu Rev Psychol.20015239742210.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Schlak AE, Aiken LH, Chittams J, Poghosyan L, McHugh M. Leveraging the work environment to minimize the negative impact of nurse burnout on patient outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:610. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020610.SchlakAEAikenLHChittamsJPoghosyanLMcHughMLeveraging the work environment to minimize the negative impact of nurse burnout on patient outcomesInt J Environ Res Public Health20211861010.3390/ijerph18020610Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Squires A, Aiken LH, van den Heede K, Sermeus W, Bruyneel L, Lindqvist R, et al. A systematic survey instrument translation process for multi-country, comparative health workforce studies. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50(2):264–273. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.02.015.SquiresAAikenLHvan den HeedeKSermeusWBruyneelLLindqvistRA systematic survey instrument translation process for multi-country, comparative health workforce studiesInt J Nurs Stud.201350226427310.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.02.015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–2194. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281053.World Medical AssociationWorld Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, ethical principles for medical research involving human subjectsJAMA2013310202191219410.1001/jama.2013.281053Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Galanis P, Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Gallos P, Kalogeropoulou M, Meimeti E, et al. Workload increases nurses’ quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout: Evidence from Greece. AIMS Public Health. 2025;12(1):44–55. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2025004.GalanisPMoisoglouIKatsiroumpaAGallosPKalogeropoulouMMeimetiEWorkload increases nurses’ quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout: Evidence from GreeceAIMS Public Health.2025121445510.3934/publichealth.2025004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
O’Callaghan C, Sadath A. Exploring job satisfaction and turnover intentions among nurses: Insights from a cross-sectional study. Cogent Psychology. 2025;12(1):2481733. doi: 10.1080/23311908.2025.2481733.O’CallaghanCSadathAExploring job satisfaction and turnover intentions among nurses: Insights from a cross-sectional studyCogent Psychology.2025121248173310.1080/23311908.2025.2481733Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aiken LH, Sermeus W, McKee M, Lasater KB, Sloane D, Pogue CA, et al. Physician and nurse well-being, patient safety and recommendations for inter ventions: Cross-sectional survey in hospitals in six European countries. BMJ Open. 2024;14:e079931. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079931.AikenLHSermeusWMcKeeMLasaterKBSloaneDPogueCAPhysician and nurse well-being, patient safety and recommendations for inter ventions: Cross-sectional survey in hospitals in six European countriesBMJ Open202414e07993110.1136/bmjopen-2023-079931Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Liu Y, Duan Y, Guo M. Turnover intention and its associated factors among nurses: A multi-center cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1141441. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1141441.LiuYDuanYGuoMTurnover intention and its associated factors among nurses: A multi-center cross-sectional studyFront Public Health202311114144110.3389/fpubh.2023.1141441Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Heinen MM, Achterberg T, Schwendimann R, Zander B, Matthews A, Kózka M, et al. Nurses’ intention to leave their profession: A cross sectional observational study in 10 European countries. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50(2):174–184. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.019.HeinenMMAchterbergTSchwendimannRZanderBMatthewsAKózkaMNurses’ intention to leave their profession: A cross sectional observational study in 10 European countriesInt J Nurs Stud.201350217418410.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.019Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Al Yahyaei A, Hewison A, Efstathiou N, Carrick-Sen D. Nurses’ intention to stay in the work environment in acute healthcare: A systematic review. J Res Nurs. 2022; 27(4):374–397. doi: 10.1177/17449871221080731.Al YahyaeiAHewisonAEfstathiouNCarrick-SenDNurses’ intention to stay in the work environment in acute healthcare: A systematic reviewJ Res Nurs.202227437439710.1177/17449871221080731Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Enea M, Maniscalco L, de Vries N, Boone A, Lavreysen O, Baranski K, et al. Exploring the reasons behind nurses’ intentions to leave their hospital or profession: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2024;7:100232. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100232.EneaMManiscalcoLde VriesNBooneALavreysenOBaranskiKExploring the reasons behind nurses’ intentions to leave their hospital or profession: A cross-sectional surveyInt J Nurs Stud Adv2024710023210.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100232Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aiken LH, Sloane DM, McHugh MD, Pogue CA, Lasater KB. A repeated cross-sectional study of nurses immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for action. Nurs Outlook. 2023;71(1):101903. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2022.11.007.AikenLHSloaneDMMcHughMDPogueCALasaterKBA repeated cross-sectional study of nurses immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for actionNurs Outlook.202371110190310.1016/j.outlook.2022.11.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Skela-Savič B, Albreht T, Sermeus W, Lobe B, Bahun M, Dello S. Patient outcomes and hospital nurses’ workload: A cross-sectional observational study in Slovenian hospitals using the RN4CAST survey. Zdr Varst. 2023;62(2):59–66. doi: 10.2478/Sjph-2023-0009.Skela-SavičBAlbrehtTSermeusWLobeBBahunMDelloSPatient outcomes and hospital nurses’ workload: A cross-sectional observational study in Slovenian hospitals using the RN4CAST surveyZdr Varst.2023622596610.2478/Sjph-2023-0009Open DOISearch in Google Scholar