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Tooth Loss and Systemic Diseases in the Slovenian Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Associaton Between Oral and Systemic Health

Jurij Bojan Žmavc
Jurij Bojan Žmavc
, 
Miha Verdenik
Miha Verdenik
, 
Zala Skomina
Zala Skomina
 e 
Nataša Ihan Hren
Nataša Ihan Hren
   | 14 giu 2024
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Article Category: Original scientific article
Pubblicato online: 14 giu 2024
Pagine: 142 - 151
Ricevuto: 12 gen 2024
Accettato: 21 mag 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2024-0019
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© 2024 Jurij Bojan Žmavc et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

The mean number of teeth by age group and sex.
The mean number of teeth by age group and sex.

Mean number of teeth in both arches across age groups.

Scale UPPER ARCH LOWER ARCH
65–69 years 70–74 years >75 years All 65–69 years 70–74 years >75 years All
Men 3.2 (4.2) 2.0 (4.1) 1.4 (2.8) 1.9 (3.5) 5.4 (5.6) 2.3 (4.0) 1.9 (3.6) 2.7 (4.3)
Women 3.0 (4.7) 2.5 (4.0) 2.0 (4.0) 2.3 (4.1) 3.8 (4.7) 2.6 (4.3) 2.2 (4.0) 2.5 (4.2)
All 3.1 (4.5) 2.3 (4.0) 1.8 (3.7) 2.1 (3.9) 4.4 (5.1) 2.5 (4.2) 2.1 (3.9) 2.6 (4.2)

Number of subjects and mean number of teeth by education level (n=301).

Education level N (%) Mean age Mean number of teeth Number of edentulous p-value
DM 0 363 (82) 79.9 4.9 0.031
1 82 (18) 78.7 3.6 60
CVD 0 118 (27) 77.6 6.0 0.025
1 327 (73) 80.4 4.2 210
Respiratory diseases 0 403 (28) 79.4 4.7 0.407
1 42 (9) 81.9 4.7 22
Rheumatic diseases 0 413 (93) 79.4 4.7 0.515
1 32 (7) 83.3 4.0 16
Post oncologic treatment 0 405 (91) 79.7 4.9 0.019
1 40 (9) 79.1 2.7 32
Neurologic diseases 0 403 (91) 79.2 4.7 0.800
1 42 (9) 84.7 4.4 24
Psychiatric diseases 0 388 (87) 79.2 4.6 0.886
1 57 (13) 83.2 5.0 35
Thyroid diseases 0 385 (87) 79.6 4.9 0.043
1 60 (13) 80.0 3.1 44
Prostate diseases 0 403 (91) 79.5 4.8 0.513
1 42 (9) 81.0 3.6 27
Osteoporosis 0 378 (85) 78.7 4.8 0.573
1 67 (15) 85.0 4.2 43

Mean age, BMI, and number of medications in the studied population with linear regression results.

All (n=445) All (n=445) Men (n=153)
Mean (SD) Beta coef. (sig.)* Mean (SD) Beta coef. (sig.)* Mean (SD) Beta coef. (sig.)*
Age [years] 79.7 (8.9) −0.185 (p<0.001) 77.7 (8.1) −0,312 (p<0.001) 80.7 (9.1) −0.134 (p= 0.11)
BMI [kg/m2] 26.9 (4.2) −0.085 (p=0.325) 27.2 (3.9) −0.055 (p=0.717) 26.8 (4.3) −0.109 (p=0.307)
Number of medications 3.9 (3.8) 0.163 (p= 0.116) 3.2 (2.9) 0.205 (p=0.332) 4.4 (4.0) 0.140 (p=0.250)

Distribution of the elderly with specific diseases and mean number of teeth, stratified by sex.

Total (n=445) Men (n=153) Women (n=292)
n/% Number of edentulous Mean number of teeth n/% Number of edentulous Mean number of teeth n/% Number of edentulous Mean number of teeth
DM 82/18 60 3.6 (7.2) 29/19 22 2.6 (6.0) 53/18 38 4.1 (7.8)
CVD 327/73 210 4.2 (7.4) 114/75 69 4.1 (6.6) 213/73 141 4.3 (7.8)
Respiratory diseases 42/9 22 4.7 (7.2) 14/9 9 2.7 (5.0) 28/10 13 5.7 (8.0)
Rheumatic diseases 32/7 16 4.0 (6.0) 6/4 1 9.5 (7.4) 26/9 15 2.8 (4.9)
Post oncologic treatment 40/9 32 2.7 (6.3) 12/8 8 3.7 (6.8) 28/10 24 2.3 (6.2)
Neurologic diseases 42/9 24 4.4 (7.8) 9/6 6 2.4 (4.2) 33/11 18 4.9 (8.5)
Psychiatric diseases 57/13 35 5.0 (8.0) 8/5 4 5.5 (7.2) 49/17 31 4.9 (8.2)
Thyroid diseases 60/13 44 3.0(6.1) 5/3 3 5.2 (7.4) 55/19 41 2.9 (6.0)
Prostate diseases 42/9 27 3.6 (6.1) 42/27 27 3.6 (6.0) / / /
Osteoporosis 67/15 43 4.2 (7.2) 1/<1 0 14 66/23 43 4.0 (7.2)

Comparison of mean age and mean number of teeth between two groups with p-values.

Education level n/(%) Mean age Mean number of teeth p-value
Insulins 0 427 79.7 4.5 0.056
1 18 80.1 8.6
Antidiabetics 0 389 79.8 5.0 0.004
1 56 78.5 2.7
Antihypertensives 0 206 78.1 5.0 0.322
1 239 81.0 4.4
Diuretics 0 377 78.9 4.6 0.600
1 68 83.7 5.2
Statins 0 309 79.6 4.2 0.067
1 136 79.9 5.8
Cardiac therapy drugs 0 299 78.4 4.9 0.294
1 146 82.4 4.3
Antiresorptives 0 407 79.4 4.7 0.861
1 38 83.1 4.0
Chemotherapeutics 0 435 79.8 4.8 0.174
1 10 76.1 1.3
Immunosuppressives 0 435 79.6 4.6 0.777
1 10 82.3 5.9
Adrenergics 0 418 79.6 4.7 0.920
1 27 80.2 4.4
Antithrombotics 0 383 79.1 4.7 0.955
1 62 83.5 4.8
Psychoanaleptics 0 401 79.3 4.6 0.717
1 44 83.4 5.1
Analgesics 0 375 78.6 4.4 0.022
1 70 85.3 6.3
Anticonvulsants 0 426 79.5 4.6 0.327
1 19 82.6 5.4
Psycholeptics 0 387 78.6 4.7 0.504
1 58 86.6 4.3
Other nervous system drugs 0 436 79.6 4.6 0.594
1 9 83.2 6.6
Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy 0 412 79.5 4.8 0.303
1 33 82.1 3.5
Thyroid therapy drugs 0 402 79.6 4.8 0.123
1 43 80.5 3.3
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