This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Christakis DA. The effects of infant media usage: What do we know and what should we learn? Acta Paediatr. 2009; 98(1): 8–16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01027.x.Search in Google Scholar
Nelson CA, Bosquet M. Neurobiology of fetal and infant development: implications for infant mental health. In CH. Zeanah, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of Infant Development. 2nd ed. (pp. 37-59). New York: The Guilford Press, 2000.Search in Google Scholar
Canadian Paediatric Society. Screen time and young children: Promoting health and development in a digital world. Paediatr Child Health. 2017; 22(8): 461–468. DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx123.Search in Google Scholar
Simms MD. Language development and communication disorders. In RM. Kliegman, BF. Stanton, J. St. Geme, NF. Schor (Eds.), Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 20th ed. (pp 207-216). Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016.Search in Google Scholar
Shriberg LD, Kent RD, Karlsson HB, McSweeny JL, Nadler CJ, Brown RL. A diagnostic marker for speech delay associated with otitis media with effusion: Backing of obstruents. Clin Linguist Phon. 2003; 17(7): 529–547. DOI: 10.1080/0269920031000138132.Search in Google Scholar
Wooles N, Swann J, Hoskison E. Speech and language delay in children: A case to learn from. Br J Gen Pract. 2018; 68(666): 47–48. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17X694373Search in Google Scholar
Sunderajan T, Kanhere SV. Speech and language delay in children: Prevalence and risk factors. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019; 8(5): 1642–1646. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc 162_19.Search in Google Scholar
American Academy of Pediatrics. Media and young minds. Pediatrics 2016; 138(5): e20162591 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2591.Search in Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. World Health Organization, 2019. Retrieved January 30, 2021, from https://apps.who.int/iris/han-dle/10665/311664.Search in Google Scholar
Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari I, Font M, Harrington A, Toromino C, et al. Association of screen time use and language development in Hispanic toddlers: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Clin Pediatr. 2013; 52(9): 857-865. DOI:10.1177/0009922813492881.Search in Google Scholar
Zimmerman FJ, Christakis DA, Meltzoff AN. Associations between media viewing and language development in children under age 2 years. J Pediatr. 2007; 151(4): 364–368. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071.Search in Google Scholar
Maulana MS, Gunardi H. Risk of language delay in toddlers with prolonged screen time: Evidence based case report. J Early Child Islamic Educ Study. 2020; 1(1): 34-48. DOI: 10.33853/jecies.v1i1.53.Search in Google Scholar
Alroqi HS. The relationship between screen media exposure and early language development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Manchester, UK, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
Christakis DA, Zimmerman FJ, DiGiuseppe DL, McCarty CA. Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics, 2004; 113(4): 708-713. DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.4.708.Search in Google Scholar
Setliff AE, Courage ML. Background television and infants’ allocation of their attention during toy play. Infancy 2011; 16: 611-639. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00070.x.Search in Google Scholar
Cardoso F, Formiga C, Bizinotto T, Tessler RB, Neto FR. Concurrent validity of the Brunet-Lézine scale with the Bayley scale for assessment of the development of preterm infants up to two years. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2017; 35(2): 144–150. DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;2;00005.Search in Google Scholar
Lapierre MA, Piotrowsky JT, Linebarger DL. Background television in the homes of US children. Pediatrics 2012; 130(5): 839-846. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2581.Search in Google Scholar
Schmitt ME, Pempek TA, Kirkorian HL, Lund AF, Anderson DR. The effect of background television on the toy play behaviour of very young children. Child Dev. 2008; 79(4): 1137-1151. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01180.x.Search in Google Scholar
Taylor G, Monaghan P, Westermann G. Investigating the association between children’s screen media exposure and vocabulary size in the UK. J Child Media. 2018; 12(1): 51–65. DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2017. 1365737.Search in Google Scholar
Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Berkule S, Fierman AH, Brockmeyer C, Mendelsohn AL. Infant media exposure and toddler development. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010; 164(12): 1105–1111. DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.235.Search in Google Scholar
Linebarger DL, Walker D. Infants’ and toddlers’ television viewing and language outcomes. Am Behav Sci. 2005; 48(5): 624-645. DOI: 10.1177/0002764204271505.Search in Google Scholar