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Seismic Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction (SSSI) between piled neighboring bridges: Influence of height ratio

Mohanad Talal Alfach

Mohanad Talal Alfach

School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering City, University of LondonUK
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Alfach, Mohanad Talal
  
29 mar 2024
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Categoria dell'articolo: Original Study
Pubblicato online: 29 mar 2024
Pagine: 45 - 75
Ricevuto: 15 gen 2023
Accettato: 17 feb 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2024-0003
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© 2024 Mohanad Talal Alfach, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Piles–bridge system geometry.
Piles–bridge system geometry.

Figure 2:

3D numerical mesh of soil–piles–bridge system.
3D numerical mesh of soil–piles–bridge system.

Figure 3:

Kocaeli earthquake record (1999).
Kocaeli earthquake record (1999).

Figure 4:

Internal forces at central pile (2).
Internal forces at central pile (2).

Figure 5:

Internal forces at corner pile (6).
Internal forces at corner pile (6).

Figure 6:

Internal forces at central pile (6).
Internal forces at central pile (6).

Figure 7:

Internal forces at corner pile (1).
Internal forces at corner pile (1).

Figure 8:

Internal forces at central pile (9).
Internal forces at central pile (9).

Figure 9:

Internal forces at corner pile (1).
Internal forces at corner pile (1).

Figure 10:

Parallel bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 41,361 nodes).
Parallel bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 41,361 nodes).

Figure 10:

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for two single isolated bridges (Mst = 350 and 700 t).
Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for two single isolated bridges (Mst = 350 and 700 t).

Figure 11:

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different spacings between the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 700, and 350 t).
Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different spacings between the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 700, and 350 t).

Figure 12:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (700 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (700 t).

Figure 13:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (16) of the bridge (700 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (16) of the bridge (700 t).

Figure 14:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 15:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (16) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (16) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 16:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Masses accelerations.
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Masses accelerations.

Figure 17:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.

Figure 18:

Perpendicular bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 77,990 nodes).
Perpendicular bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 77,990 nodes).

Figure 19:

Crossing bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 77,990 nodes).
Crossing bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 77,990 nodes).

Figure 20:

Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges (Mst =350 and 700 t).
Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges (Mst =350 and 700 t).

Figure 21:

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different positioning of the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 700, and 350 t).
Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different positioning of the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 700, and 350 t).

Figure 22:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (700 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (700 t).

Figure 23:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (15) of the bridge (700 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (15) of the bridge (700 t).

Figure 24:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 25:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 26:

Three dissimilar bridges: Masses accelerations.
Three dissimilar bridges: Masses accelerations.

Figure 27:

Three dissimilar bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.
Three dissimilar bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.

Figure 28:

Parallel bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 33,072 nodes).
Parallel bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 33,072 nodes).

Figure 29:

Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges.
Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges.

Figure 30:

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different spacing between the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 1050 T, and 350 t).
Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different spacing between the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 1050 T, and 350 t).

Figure 31:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (1050 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (1050 t).

Figure 32:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (15) of the bridge (1050 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (15) of the bridge (1050 t).

Figure 33:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 34:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 35:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Masses accelerations.
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Masses accelerations.

Figure 36:

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.
Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.

Figure 37:

Bridge–soil–bridge system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (690 structural elements and 78,286 nodes).
Bridge–soil–bridge system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (690 structural elements and 78,286 nodes).

Figure 38:

Bridge–soil–bridge system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (690 structural elements and 78,286 nodes).
Bridge–soil–bridge system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (690 structural elements and 78,286 nodes).

Figure 39:

Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges (Mst = 350 and 1050 t).
Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges (Mst = 350 and 1050 t).

Figure 40:

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different positioning of the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 1050, and 350 t).
Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different positioning of the three dissimilar bridges (Mst = 350, 1050, and 350 t).

Figure 41:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (1050 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (1050 t).

Figure 42:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (15) of the bridge (1050 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (15) of the bridge (1050 t).

Figure 43:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 44:

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).
Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).

Figure 45:

Three dissimilar bridges: Masses accelerations.
Three dissimilar bridges: Masses accelerations.

Figure 46:

Three dissimilar bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.
Three dissimilar bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.

Elastic characteristics of the superstructure_

ρst (kg/m3) Est (MPa) vst ξst (%) Mass (t)
2500 8000 0.3 2 350

Influence of the spacing inter-bridge on the seismic response of three dissimilar parallel bridges system_

S (m) ast (m/s2) acap (m/s2) Internal forces
Central piles Corner piles
Pile (2) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (16) (Mst = 700 t) Pile (1) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (7) (Mst = 700 t)
Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN)
One bridge (Mst = 350 t and S = 0) 23.02 14.39 2244 1218 2189 1604
One bridge (Mst = 700 t and S = 0) 18.09 14.9 1640 1134 1732 1233
S (m) Bridge (Mst = 350 t) Bridge (Mst = 700 t) Three dissimilar parallel bridges
ast acap ast acap Pile (2) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (16) (Mst = 700 t) Pile (1) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (7) (Mst = 700 t)
20 11.5 6.61 8.45 5.78 1981 1169 1123 998 1824 1310 1218 1090
30 11.8 6.88 8.63 5.94 2021 1200 1156 1006 1870 1273 1222 1118
40 12 7.1 8.81 6.05 2035 1242 1176 1037 1935 1361 1278 1157

Properties of cohesive soil_

ρs (kg/m3) Eos (MPa) υs Ko ζs (%) C (kPa) φ (0) Ψ (0)
1700 8 0.3 0.5 5 150 0 0

Influence of inter-bridge spacing on the seismic response of three dissimilar parallel bridges system
S (m) ast (m/s2) acap (m/s2) Internal forces
Central piles Corner piles
Pile (2) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (15) (Mst = 1050 t) Pile (1) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (7) (Mst = 1050 t)
Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN)
One bridge (Mst = 350 t and S = 0) 20.1 11.5 3979 1268 4093 1330
One bridge (Mst = 1050 t and S = 0) 20.53 12.49 2196 1325 2061 1294
S (m) Bridge (Mst = 350 t) Bridge (Mst = 1050 t) Three dissimilar bridges
Ast acap Ast acap Pile (2) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (15) (Mst = 1050 t) Pile (1) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (7) (Mst = 1050 t)
20 m 11.6 11.6 5.78 4.58 2091 1189 1260 294.8 1929 1236 1496 426.3
30 m 12.1 12.2 5.95 4.79 2166 1271 1322 305.4 1969 1283 1517 428
40 m 12.7 12.7 6.15 5.12 2241 1360 1392 316 2017 1333 1552 433

Influence of different positioning of three dissimilar bridges on the seismic response system_

Position ast (m/s2) acap (m/s2) Internal forces
Central piles Corner piles
Pile (2) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (15) (Mst = 1050 t) Pile (1) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (7) (Mst = 1050 t)
Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN)
One perpendicular bridge (Mst = 350 t) 20.1 11.5 3979 1268 4093 1330
One perpendicular bridge (Mst = 1050 t) 20.53 12.49 2196 1325 2061 1294
Position Bridge (Mst = 350 t) Bridge (Mst = 1050 t) Three dissimilar bridges
ast acap ast acap Pile (2) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (15) (Mst = 1050 t) Pile (1) (Mst = 350 t) Pile (7) (Mst = 1050 t)
Parallel 11.6 11.6 5.78 4.58 2091 1189 1260 294.8 1929 1236 1496 426.3
Perpendicular 0.54 6.47 2.81 1.17 411.8 113.4 1580 282.7 388 130.5 1578 456.2
Crossing 0.51 6.3 5.67 2.39 370.2 110.6 1042 589.7 360.8 123.2 2412 1274

Response of a group of (4x3) piles for Kocaeli earthquake (1999)_

C (kPa) ast (m/s2) acap (m/s2) Internal forces
Central piles Corner piles
Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN)
150 18.09 14.9 1411 837.8 1732 1233

Elastic characteristics of the pile materials_

Material Diameter (m) Mass density ρ (kg/m3) Young's modulus E (MPa) Poisson's ratio ν Damping ratio ξ (%) Height (m)
Pile 0.8 2500 20,000 0.3 2 10

Response of a group of (2 × 3) piles for Kocaeli earthquake (1999)_

C Cohesion (kPa) ast (m/s2) acap (m/s2) Internal forces
Central piles Corner piles
Mmax Bending moment (kN m) Tmax Shear force (kN) Mmax Bending moment (kN m) Tmax Shear force (kN)
150 23.02 14.39 2244 1218 2189 1604

Response of a group of (6×3) piles for Kocaeli earthquake (1999)_

C (kPa) ast (m/s2) acap (m/s2) Internal forces
Central piles Corner piles
Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN) Mmax (kN m) Tmax (kN)
150 11.99 10.82 2363 623.3 2947 1007
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