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Modernized Resonant Column and Torsional Shearing Apparatus With Multipoint Contactless Displacement Detection System

Marcin Bujko
Marcin Bujko
, 
Marta Bocheńska
Marta Bocheńska
, 
Piotr Srokosz
Piotr Srokosz
 e 
Ireneusz Dyka
Ireneusz Dyka
   | 08 ott 2023
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Article Category: Special Issue 19th KKMGiIG
Pubblicato online: 08 ott 2023
Pagine: 382 - 394
Ricevuto: 26 feb 2023
Accettato: 11 set 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2023-0018
Parole chiave
© 2023 Marcin Bujko et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Tested material (a) grain size distribution (b) microscopic image of tested sand's grains (Dyka, et al., 2017).
Tested material (a) grain size distribution (b) microscopic image of tested sand's grains (Dyka, et al., 2017).

Figure 2:

The arrangement of magnets on the specimen's surface and Hall sensors on the internal cylinder (a) vertical (A-A) section; the middle dimension line refers to the placement of the Hall sensors and the right dimension line refers to the magnets, (b) horizontal (B-B) section [mm].
The arrangement of magnets on the specimen's surface and Hall sensors on the internal cylinder (a) vertical (A-A) section; the middle dimension line refers to the placement of the Hall sensors and the right dimension line refers to the magnets, (b) horizontal (B-B) section [mm].

Figure 3:

Polycarbonate cylinder with Hall sensors installed on the surface (a) top view, (b) side view.
Polycarbonate cylinder with Hall sensors installed on the surface (a) top view, (b) side view.

Figure 4:

The inside view of the communications interface.
The inside view of the communications interface.

Figure 5:

User Interface of the measurement system control software.
User Interface of the measurement system control software.

Figure 6:

The sand specimen covered with a latex membrane and magnets attached to the surface The main RC tests were carried out with the input parameters presented in Table 2.
The sand specimen covered with a latex membrane and magnets attached to the surface The main RC tests were carried out with the input parameters presented in Table 2.

Figure 7:

Influence of the torque amplitude on the resonant frequency of the specimen (light gray—0.02 V, medium gray—0.1 V, black—0.2 V).
Influence of the torque amplitude on the resonant frequency of the specimen (light gray—0.02 V, medium gray—0.1 V, black—0.2 V).

Figure 8:

Influence of the subsequent loading cycles (test repetitions) on the resonant frequency value. The torque amplitude value is 0.2 V; black—first cycle; medium gray—second cycle; light gray—third cycle.
Influence of the subsequent loading cycles (test repetitions) on the resonant frequency value. The torque amplitude value is 0.2 V; black—first cycle; medium gray—second cycle; light gray—third cycle.

Figure 9:

Influence of the magnets’ installation on the resonant frequency. The torque amplitude is 0.2 V; black—the specimen without magnets; gray—the specimen with the magnets attached to the surface.
Influence of the magnets’ installation on the resonant frequency. The torque amplitude is 0.2 V; black—the specimen without magnets; gray—the specimen with the magnets attached to the surface.

Figure 10:

Results of the TS test for amplitude of 5 V. Raw data from the Hall sensors during the TS test. The arrangement of the graphs corresponds with the location of the sensors.
Results of the TS test for amplitude of 5 V. Raw data from the Hall sensors during the TS test. The arrangement of the graphs corresponds with the location of the sensors.

Figure 11:

Results of one of the RC tests for the amplitude of 8 V. Raw data from the Hall sensors. The arrangement of the graphs corresponds with the location of the sensors.
Results of one of the RC tests for the amplitude of 8 V. Raw data from the Hall sensors. The arrangement of the graphs corresponds with the location of the sensors.

The physical parameters of soil.

Soil type Gs [-] d50 [mm] d60 [mm] d10 [mm] CU [-] emax [-] emin [-] ρ [g/cm3]
silica sand 2.65 0.33 0.41 0.14 3.0 0.68 0.41 1.86

The TS test input parameters.

Testing mode p [kPa] f [Hz] A [V] n [-]
Torsional shearing 50 0.02 5.0 3

RC test results.

RC test number fr [Hz] γ [%] G [MPa]
1. 145.45 0.0069 84.51
2. 125.61 0.0116 62.88
3. 115.48 0.0144 53.27
4. 107.60 0.0185 46.18
5. 101.01 0.0242 40.69
6. 96.01 0.0312 36.73
7. 88.81 0.0388 31.45
8. 83.19 0.0491 27.60

The RC test input parameters.

Testing mode Test number p [kPa] f0 [Hz] ff [Hz] A [V]
1. 100 200 1.0
Resonant column 2. 50 80 180 2.0
3. 60 160 3.0
4. 60 160 4.0
5. 50 150 5.0
6. 50 150 6.0
7. 50 150 7.0
8. 40 140 8.0
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