This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
Typical (a) plan and (b) sectional view of finite element mesh used for nine long–short pile composite foundation at 3-m distance away from wall.
Figure 2
Schematic view of the test model setup: (a) sectional view, (b) plan view and (c) photograph taken during wall rotation.
Figure 3
Particle size distribution of cushion and model foundation soil
Figure 4
Comparison of experimental (a) load settlement curve and (b) load-sharing ratio during wall rotation with finite element analysis result (Lp - long pile, Sp - short pile, Sbp - soil between piles).
Figure 5
Soil stress paths at different observation points for nine long–short pile composite foundation located at 3 m away from the wall (0 indicates the stress state before wall rotation)
Figure 6
Principal stress changes during wall rotation about the base for nine long–short pile composite foundation located at 3 m away from the wall.
Figure 7
PSRs of element C: (a) 3D cubical element representation and (b) symbol plot for nine long-short pile composite foundation located at a distance 3 m away from the wall
Figure 8
Stress paths experienced by a soil element for different locations of the composite foundation from the wall.
Figure 9
Stress paths experienced by a soil element C for groups with 9 and 25 long–short CFG piles situated at 3 m behind the wall (C-9 indicates element C in a group with nine piles)
Figure 10
Stress paths experienced by soil element at the central composite foundation section for groups with 9 and 25 long-short CFG piles situated at 3 m behind the wall.
Figure 11
Effect of wall rotation on pile head load in 5 × 5 long-short pile group located at 3 m away from the wall.
Figure 12
Influence of soil stiffness on the stress state during wall progression (e.g., 0–5 indicates initial stress state before wall movement for the case E = 5 MPa).
Figure 13
Response of soil element beneath the pile toe during wall movement (e.g., 0-S indicates initial stress state before wall movement for element S).
Figure 14
Computed shear stress–volumetric strain curves for monitoring points (a) in the upper soil near pile shaft and (b) underneath pile toe.