Assessing the Nexus Between Education, Economic Growth, and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis

Aghion, P., Boustan, L., Hoxby, C., & Vandenbussche, J. (2009). The causal impact of education on economic growth: evidence from US. Brookings papers on economic activity, 1(1), 1-73. Search in Google Scholar

Asteriou, D., Pilbeam, K., & Pratiwi, C. E. (2021). Public debt and economic growth: panel data evidence for Asian countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 45(2), 270-287.10.1007/s12197-020-09515-7 Search in Google Scholar

Bassanini, A., & Scarpetta, S. (2001). The driving forces of economic growth: panel data evidence for the oecd countries. OECD Economic Studies. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/economy/growth/18450995.pdf10.1787/eco_studies-v2001-art10-en Search in Google Scholar

Biasi, B., Deming, D., & Moser, P. (2021). Education and innovation. NBER publications. 1050 Massachusetts Avenue. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28544/w28544.pdf10.3386/w28544 Search in Google Scholar

Boyles, M. (2022, March 8). Innovation in business: what it is & why it’s so important. Retrieved from online.hbs.edu: https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/importance-of-innovation-in-business Search in Google Scholar

Ministerul Educatiei Nationale. (2019). Rezultatele elevilor din România la evaluarea internațională PISA 2018, Comunicat de presă. Retrieved from https://www.edu.ro/rezultatele-elevilor-din-rom%C3%A2nia-la-evaluareanterna%C8%9Bional%C4%83-pisa-201810.31926/jmb.2019.1.1 Search in Google Scholar

Cavalier, G., Barnéoud, R., Brahim, M. B., Guédon, P., & Stankiewicz, L. (2021). For a European Approach to R&D Tax Incentive (s): study of the European Law Institute, European Law Institute. Search in Google Scholar

Cristescu, A., & Tîlvăr, G. (2019). The main factors of economic growth in the European Union. Theoretical and Applied Economics, XXVI, 5-20. Search in Google Scholar

European Comission. (2021). European Innovation Scoreboard: Innovation performance keeps improving in EU Member States and regions. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3048 Search in Google Scholar

European Union. (2022). European Year. Retrieved from youth.europa.eu: https://youth.europa.eu/year-of-youth_en Search in Google Scholar

Engle, RF., & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.10.2307/1913236 Search in Google Scholar

Fischer, S., & Vinod, T. (1990, August). Policies for Economic Development. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 809-814. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/124306310.2307/1243063 Search in Google Scholar

Grant, C. (2017). The contribution of education to economic growth. Institute of Development Studies. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b9b87f340f0b67896977bae/K4D_HDR_The_Contribution_of_Education_to_Economic_Growth_Final.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Hammerstein, S., König, C., Dreisörner, T., & Frey, A. (2021). Effects of COVID-19-related school closures on student achievement-a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 4020. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.74628910.3389/fpsyg.2021.746289 Search in Google Scholar

Hope Sr, K. R. (2012). Engaging the youth in Kenya: empowerment, education, and employment. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 17(4), 221-236.10.1080/02673843.2012.657657 Search in Google Scholar

Horobet, A., Tudor, C. D., Belascu, L., & Dumitrescu, D. G. (2022). The role of distinct electricity sources on pollution abatement: evidence from a wide global panel. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 1828.10.3389/fenvs.2022.996515 Search in Google Scholar

Ireland, S. (2020, May 10). Ranked: World’s Best Countries For Education System, 2020. Retrieved from ceoworld.biz: https://ceoworld.biz/2020/05/10/ranked-worlds-best-countries-for-education-system-2020/ Search in Google Scholar

Irwin, V., De La Rosa, J., Wang, K., Hein, S., Zhang, J., Burr, R., . . . Parker, S. (2022). Report on the Condition of Education 2022. Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2022144 Search in Google Scholar

Jamrisko, M., Lu, W., & Tanzi, A. (2021, February 2). South Korea Leads World in Innovation as U.S. Exits Top Ten. Retrieved from bloomberg.com: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-03/south-korea-leads-world-in-innovation-u-s-drops-out-of-top-10 Search in Google Scholar

Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of economic dynamics and control, 12(2-3), 231-254.10.1016/0165-1889(88)90041-3 Search in Google Scholar

Judson, R. (1998). Economic Growth and Investment in Education: How Allocation Matters. Journal of Economic Growth, 4, 337-359. doi:10.2307/4021599210.1023/A:1009763906365 Search in Google Scholar

Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00023-2 Search in Google Scholar

Maneejuk, P., & Yamaka, W. (2021, January). The Impact of Higher Education on Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Countries. Economics of Education and Sustainable Development. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su1302052010.3390/su13020520 Search in Google Scholar

Mercan, M., & Sezer, S. (2014). The effect of education expenditure on economic growth: The case of Turkey. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 925 – 930. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.56510.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.565 Search in Google Scholar

Mitu, C.-D. (2010). The Importance of Quality Information In Continuing Education Throughout Life. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 10(1), 1156-1159. Search in Google Scholar

Nicholas, T. (2011). What Drives Innovation? Antitrust Law Journal 77. Retrieved from https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=38839 Search in Google Scholar

Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, 5(4), 63-91. Search in Google Scholar

OECD. (2012). Education at a Glance 2012: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2012-en10.1787/eag-2012-en Search in Google Scholar

OECD. (2022). Education at a Glance 2022: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en10.1787/3197152b-en Search in Google Scholar

Sjoer E., Norgaard B., Goosens M. (2011) Implementing Tailor-made CEE in Theory and in Practice. The KnowledgeTriangle as a Conceptual Tool (Paper presented at the SEFI annual conference, 27-30 September 2011, Lisbon). Search in Google Scholar

Paulino, S., & Anabela, M. (2019). THE IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS SIMULATION COURSES IN PORTUGUESE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), (pp. 4676-4681). Valencia, SPAIN. doi:10.21125/inted.2019.115710.21125/inted.2019.1157 Search in Google Scholar

Peticilă, M. (2021, December 19). DOCUMENT Bugetul alocat Ministerului Educației pentru 2022 va fi de 2,28% din PIB, cea mai mică alocare din ultimii 3 ani – proiect. Retrieved from edupedu.ro: https://www.edupedu.ro/document-bugetul-alocat-ministerului-educatieipentru-2022-va-fi-de-228-din-pib-cea-mai-mica-alocare-din-ultimii-3-ani-proiect/ Search in Google Scholar

Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J. (1999). Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(44), 621-634.10.1080/01621459.1999.10474156 Search in Google Scholar

Pesaran, M.H, Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.10.1002/jae.616 Search in Google Scholar

Philips, A. Q. (2018). Have your cake and eat it too? Cointegration and dynamic inference from autoregressive distributed lag models. American Journal of Political Science, 62(1), 230-244.10.1111/ajps.12318 Search in Google Scholar

Plakhotnik, M., & et al. (2021, July 12). The Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Student Well-Being and the Mediating Role of the University Support: Evidence From France, Germany, Russia, and the UK. Frontiers in Psychology. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.64268910.3389/fpsyg.2021.642689 Search in Google Scholar

Raghupathi, V., & Raghupathi, W. (2017, October 26). Innovation at country-level: association between economic development and patents. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-017-0065-010.1186/s13731-017-0065-0 Search in Google Scholar

Raj, C., Hendren, N., Kline, P., & Saez, E. (2014). Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1553-1623.10.1093/qje/qju022 Search in Google Scholar

United Nations (2022). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from sdgs.un.org: https://sdgs.un.org/goals Search in Google Scholar

Unger, M., & Polt, W. (2017). The Knowledge Triangle between Research, Education and Innovation – A Conceptual Discussion. Foresight and STI Governance, 11, 10–26. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.2.10.2610.17323/2500-2597.2017.2.10.26 Search in Google Scholar

World Bank. (2022). Risk of Global Recession in 2023 Rises Amid Simultaneous Rate Hikes. Retrieved from worldbank.org: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/09/15/risk-of-global-recession-in-2023-rises-amid-simultaneous-rate-hikes Search in Google Scholar

World Economic Forum. (2020, August 19). Private or public: What’s really driving technological innovation? Retrieved from weforum.org: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/08/democratizing-innovation Search in Google Scholar

Seihan, P. (2022). The End of the World is Just the Beginning: Mapping the Collapse of Globalization. New York: HarperCollins Search in Google Scholar

Ziberi, B. F., Rexha, D., Ibraimi, X., & Avdiaj, B. (2022). Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Education on Economic Growth. Economies, 10(4), 89. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/economies1004008910.3390/economies10040089 Search in Google Scholar