This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
European Commission. Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions ‘Fit for 55’: delivering the EU’s 2030 Climate Target on the way to climate neutrality. Brussels: EC, 2021.Search in Google Scholar
European Commission. Renewable energy targets. [Online]. [Accessed: 30.03.2023]. Available: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-directive-targets-and-rules/renewable-energy-targets_enSearch in Google Scholar
European Commission. Mainstreaming RES: flexibility portfolios: design of flexibility portfolios at Member State level to facilitate a cost-efficient integration of high shares of renewables. Brussels: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
Bolwig S., et al. Review of modelling energy transitions pathways with application to energy system flexibility. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2019:101:440–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.019Search in Google Scholar
European Commission. Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the European council, the council, the European economic and social committee, the committee of the regions and the European investment bank. A Clean Planet for all. A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy. Brussels: EC, 2018.Search in Google Scholar
European Commission. Energy storage. [Online]. Available: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/research-and-technology/energy-storage_enSearch in Google Scholar
IRENA. Rise of renewables in cities – Energy solutions for the urban future. Abu Dhabi: IRENA, 2020.Search in Google Scholar
IRENA. Renewable energy policies for cities: Power sector. Abu Dhabi: IRENA, 2021.Search in Google Scholar
Achinas S., et al. A PESTLE Analysis of Biofuels Energy Industry in Europe. Sustainability 2019:11(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11215981Search in Google Scholar
Demirtas O., et al. Which renewable energy consumption is more efficient by fuzzy EDAS method based on PESTLE dimensions? Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2021:28(27):36274–36287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13310-0Search in Google Scholar
Kansongue N., Njuguna J., Vertigans S. A PESTEL and SWOT impact analysis on renewable energy development in Togo. Front. Sustain. 2023:3(990173). https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2022.990173Search in Google Scholar
Song J., Sun Y., Jin L. PESTEL analysis of the development of the waste-to-energy incineration industry in China. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017:80:276–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.066Search in Google Scholar
Valencia G. E., Cardenas Y. D., Acevedo C. H. PEST analysis of wind energy in the world: From the worldwide boom to the emergent in Colombia. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2018:1126:012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1126/1/012019Search in Google Scholar
Zoričić D., et al. Integrated Risk Analysis of Aggregators: Policy Implications for the Development of the Competitive Aggregator Industry. Energies 2022:15(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145076Search in Google Scholar
Jasper F. B., et al. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of a battery home storage system based on primary data. J. Clean. Prod. 2022:366:132899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132899Search in Google Scholar
Nowotny J., Veziroglu T. N. Impact of hydrogen on the environment. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2011:36(20):13218–13224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.07.071Search in Google Scholar
Thaker S., et al. Evaluating energy and greenhouse gas emission footprints of thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power applications. J. Energy Storage 2019:26:100992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100992Search in Google Scholar
Chakraborty M. R., et al. A Comparative Review on Energy Storage Systems and Their Application in Deregulated Systems. Batteries 2022:8(9):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8090124Search in Google Scholar
Behabtu H. A., et al. A Review of Energy Storage Technologies. Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration. Sustainability 2020:12(24):10511. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410511Search in Google Scholar
European Commission. Database of the European energy storage technologies and facilities – Data Europa EU. [Online]. [Accessed: 30.03.2023]. Available: https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/database-of-the-european-energy-storage-technologies-and-facilities?locale=enSearch in Google Scholar
Danish Energy Agency. Technology Data for Energy Storage. 2018 [Online]. [Accessed: 30.03.2023]. Available: https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-energy-storageSearch in Google Scholar
IRENA. Innovation outlook: Thermal energy storage. Abu Dhabi: IRENA, 2020.Search in Google Scholar
IRENA. Electricity storage and renewables: Costs and markets to 2030. Abu Dhabi: IRENA, 2020.Search in Google Scholar
European Association for Storage of Energy. Energy Storage Technologies [Online]. [Accessed: 30.03.2023]. Available: https://ease-storage.eu/energy-storage/technologies/Search in Google Scholar
European Biogas Association. Beyond energy – monetising biomethane’s whole-system benefits. 2023 [Online]. [Accessed: 30.03.2023]. Available: https://www.europeanbiogas.eu/beyond-energy-onetising-biomethanes-whole-system-benefits/Search in Google Scholar
European Association for Storage of Energy, Energy Storage Policy Developments in 2022. [Online]. [Accessed: 30.03.2023]. Available: https://ease-storage.eu/news/energy-storage-policy-developments-in-2022/Search in Google Scholar
European Commission. ENTEC Storage report – annexes. 2022 [Online]. [Accessed: 30.03.2023]. Available: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/entec-storage-report-annexes_enSearch in Google Scholar
Dolge K., et al. Towards Industrial Energy Efficiency Index. Environ. Clim. Technol. 2020:24(1):419–430. https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0025Search in Google Scholar
Madurai Elavarasan R., et al. A novel Sustainable Development Goal 7 composite index as the paradigm for energy sustainability assessment: A case study from Europe. Appl. Energy 2022:307:118173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118173Search in Google Scholar
Armin Razmjoo A., Sumper A., Davarpanah A. Development of sustainable energy indexes by the utilization of new indicators: A comparative study. Energy Rep. 2019:5:375–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.03.006Search in Google Scholar
Liang T., et al. Thermodynamic Analysis of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) System. Encyclopedia of Energy Storage. Oxford: Elsevier, 2022:232–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819723-3.00128-1Search in Google Scholar
Georgious R., et al. Review on Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids. Electronics 2021:10(17):2134. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172134Search in Google Scholar
Maia L. K. K., et al. Expanding the lifetime of Li-ion batteries through optimization of charging profiles. J. Clean. Prod. 2019:225:928–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.031Search in Google Scholar
Arshad F., et al. Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-ion Batteries: A Critical Review. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2022:180:106164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106164Search in Google Scholar
Bakkaloglu S., Cooper J., Hawkes A. Methane emissions along biomethane and biogas supply chains are underestimated. One Earth 2022:5(6):724–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.05.012Search in Google Scholar
Osman A. I., et al. Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2022:20(1):153–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01322-8Search in Google Scholar