<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The innate immune system is mandatory for the activation of antiviral host defense and eradication of the infection. In this regard, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils representing the cellular component, and cytokines, interferons, complement or Toll-Like Receptors, representing the mediators of unspecific response act together for both activation of the adaptive immune response and viral clearance. Of great importance is the proper functioning of the innate immune response from the very beginning. For instance, in the early stages of viral infection, the defective interferon response leads to uncontrolled viral replication and pathogen evasion, while hypersecretion during the later stages of infection generates hyperinflammation. This cascade activation of systemic inflammation culminates with cytokine storm syndrome and hypercoagulability state, due to a close interconnection between them. Thus an unbalanced reaction, either under- or over- stimulation of the innate immune system will lead to an uncoordinated response and unfavorable disease outcomes. Since both cellular and humoral factors are involved in the time-course of the innate immune response, in this review we aimed to address their gradual involvement in the antiviral response with emphasis on key steps in SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>
</abstract>

The innate immune system is mandatory for the activation of antiviral host defense and eradication of the infection. In this regard, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils representing the cellular component, and cytokines, interferons, complement or Toll-Like Receptors, representing the mediators of unspecific response act together for both activation of the adaptive immune response and viral clearance. Of great importance is the proper functioning of the innate immune response from the very beginning. For instance, in the early stages of viral infection, the defective interferon response leads to uncontrolled viral replication and pathogen evasion, while hypersecretion during the later stages of infection generates hyperinflammation. This cascade activation of systemic inflammation culminates with cytokine storm syndrome and hypercoagulability state, due to a close interconnection between them. Thus an unbalanced reaction, either under- or over- stimulation of the innate immune system will lead to an uncoordinated response and unfavorable disease outcomes. Since both cellular and humoral factors are involved in the time-course of the innate immune response, in this review we aimed to address their gradual involvement in the antiviral response with emphasis on key steps in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Insights into Innate Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures

Infectious Diseases Clinic, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures

Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health

George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Targu Mures

Department of Immunology, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research

Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Insights into Innate Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection"}

The innate immune system is mandatory for the activation of antiviral host defense and eradication of the infection. In this regard, dendritic cells, natural...

Insights into Innate Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Pubblicato online: 31 lug 2021

Pagine: 255 - 269

Ricevuto: 14 giu 2021

Accettato: 10 lug 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rrlm-2021-0022

Parole chiave
innate immunity, monocytes, acute phase reactants, COVID-19, antigen-presenting cell

© 2021 Adina Huțanu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Insights into Innate Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Pubblicato online: 31 lug 2021

Pagine: 255 - 269

Ricevuto: 14 giu 2021

Accettato: 10 lug 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rrlm-2021-0022

Parole chiaveinnate immunity, monocytes, acute phase reactants, COVID-19, antigen-presenting cell

© 2021 Adina Huțanu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Parole chiave
innate immunity, monocytes, acute phase reactants, COVID-19, antigen-presenting cell