[1. World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. Accessed June 1, 2020.]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Cao W, Li T. COVID-19: towards understanding of pathogenesis. Cell Res. 2020; 30:367-69. DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0327-410.1038/s41422-020-0327-4]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Bonetti G, Manelli F, Patroni A, Bettinardi A, Borrelli G, Fiordalisi G, et al. Laboratory predictors of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the area of Valcamonica, Italy. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020; 58(7):1100-05. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-045910.1515/cclm-2020-0459]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Wang K, Zuo P, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhao X, Xie S, et al. Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;19;71(16):2079-88. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa53810.1093/cid/ciaa538]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Tian W, Jiang W, Yao Y, Nicholson CJ, Li RH, Sigurslide HH, et al. Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1875-83. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2605010.1002/jmv.26050]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-310.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Li Y, Hu Y, Yu J, Ma T. Retrospective analysis of laboratory testing in 54 patients with severe- or critical-type 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. Lab Invest. 2020;100(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0431-610.1038/s41374-020-0431-6718482032341519]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Henry BM, De Olivera MHS, Benoit S, Plebani M, Lippi G. Hematologic, biochemical and immune bio-marker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(7):1021-28. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-036910.1515/cclm-2020-036932286245]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Cecconi M, Piovani D, Brunetta E, Aghemo A, Greco M, Cicarelli M, et al. Early Predictors of Clinical Deterioration in a Cohort of 239 Patients Hospitalized for Covid-19 Infection in Lombardy, Italy. J Clin Med. 2020;9(5):e1548. DOI: 10.3390/jcm905154810.3390/jcm9051548729083332443899]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Health Ministry of Spain, Covid-19 situation in Spain. Available from: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/situacionActual.htm. Accessed July 14, 2020.]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, Metropolitan Barcelona information on COVID-19. Available from: http://www.amb.cat/es/web/area-metropolitana/covid19. Accessed July 14, 2020.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Lippi G, Plebani M. Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(7):1131-34. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-019810.1515/cclm-2020-019832119647]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Sun Y, Dong Y, Wang L, Xie H, Li B, Chang C, et al. Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience. J Autoimmun. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.10247310.1016/j.jaut.2020.102473718037632439209]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Julián-Jimenez A, González del Castillo J, Candel F. Usefulness and prognostic value of biomarkers in patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department. Med Clin (Barc). 2017;148(11):501-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2017.04.03310.1016/j.medcle.2017.04.033]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Li X, Wang L, Yan S, Xiang L, Zhu J, Shen B, et al. Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases with COVID-19: A retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:128-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.05310.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.053]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Liu J, Liu S. The management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Med Virol. 2020; 92(10):2146-51. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2596510.1002/jmv.25965]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Luo W, Lin Y, Yao X, Shi Y, Lu F, Wang Z, et al. Clinical findings of 35 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia outside of Wuhan. Pulmonology. 2020. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-22554/v110.21203/rs.3.rs-22554/v1]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa200203210.1056/NEJMoa2002032]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Liu T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ma H, Li Z, Zhang J. The potential role of IL-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019. EMBO Mol Med. 2020;12(7):e12421. DOI: 10.15252/emmm.20201242110.15252/emmm.202012421]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-69. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.158510.1001/jama.2020.1585]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Lian J, Jin X, Hao S, Cai H, Zhang S, Zheng L, et al. Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases with COVID-19: A retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;94:128-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.05310.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.053]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-510.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Weiss P. Clinical course and mortality risk of severe COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1014-15. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30633-410.1016/S0140-6736(20)30633-4]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford J, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052-59. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.677510.1001/jama.2020.6775717762932320003]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Mo P, Xing Y, Xiao Y, Deng L, Zhao Q, Wang H, et al. Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa27010.1093/cid/ciaa270718444432173725]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Liang W, Liang H, Ou L, Chen B, Chen A, Li C, et al. Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. JAMA. Intern Med 2020;1;180(8):1081-89. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.203310.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2033721867632396163]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Ji D, Zhang D, Xu J, Chen Z, Yang T, Zhao P, et al. Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: The CALL Score. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;12;71(6):1393-99. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa41410.1093/cid/ciaa414718447332271369]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Zhao Z, Chen A, Hou W, Graham JM, Li H, Rich-man PS, et al. Prediction model and risk scores of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19. PLoS ONE. 2020;30;15(7):e0236618. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0236618]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Jean SS, Lee PI, Hsueh PRJ, et al. Treatment options for COVID-19: The reality and challenges. Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):436-43. DOI: 10.1016/j. jmii.2020.03.034]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Grein J. Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(24):2327-36. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa200701610.1056/NEJMoa2007016716947632275812]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Liu YJ, Yang YL, Xu Y. What we learned from SARS may provide important insights into understanding and management of coronavirus disease 2019. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020;339-44.]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Kerboua KE. NLR: A Cost-effective Nomo-gram to Guide Therapeutic Interventions in COVID-19. Immunol Invest. 2020;1:1-9. DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.177385010.1080/08820139.2020.177385032482134]Search in Google Scholar
[33. McGonagle D, Sharif K, O’Regan A. The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(6):102537. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.10253710.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537719500232251717]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Moore JB and June CH. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19. Science. 2020;368(6490):473-74. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb892510.1126/science.abb892532303591]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang Y, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):762-768. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa24810.1093/cid/ciaa248710812532161940]Search in Google Scholar