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Integration of VLF-EM and VES data for pavement failure investigation in a typical basement complex terrain of southwestern Nigeria

Akintunde A. Oyedele
Akintunde A. Oyedele
, 
Musa A. Bawallah
Musa A. Bawallah
, 
Joshua T. Akinwamide
Joshua T. Akinwamide
, 
Stephen O. Ilugbo
Stephen O. Ilugbo
 e 
Segun N. Ogunyebi
Segun N. Ogunyebi
   | 28 ago 2023
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Article Category: Original Scientific Article
Pubblicato online: 28 ago 2023
Pagine: 105 - 117
Ricevuto: 09 lug 2022
Accettato: 10 ott 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2021-0021
Parole chiave
© 2022 Akintunde A. Oyedele et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1:

Location Map of The Study Area.
Location Map of The Study Area.

Figure 2:

Geological Map of Ado-Ekiti /Ikere-Ekiti Area, SW Nigeria.
Geological Map of Ado-Ekiti /Ikere-Ekiti Area, SW Nigeria.

Figure 3:

VLF-EM measurement of the study area.
VLF-EM measurement of the study area.

Figure 4:

VLF-EM Fraser Filtering Graph of the study area.
VLF-EM Fraser Filtering Graph of the study area.

Figure 5:

VLF-EM data (raw real and filtered real) of the study area.
VLF-EM data (raw real and filtered real) of the study area.

Figure 6:

VLF-EM 2D Inversion model of the study area.
VLF-EM 2D Inversion model of the study area.

Figure 7:

Typical resistivity type curves in the study area.
Typical resistivity type curves in the study area.

Figure 8:

Geoelectric section of segment I covering VES 1–4 along Ado-Ikere Road.
Geoelectric section of segment I covering VES 1–4 along Ado-Ikere Road.

Figure 9:

Geoelectric section of segment II covering VES 5–8 along Ado-Ikere Road.
Geoelectric section of segment II covering VES 5–8 along Ado-Ikere Road.

Figure 10:

Geoelectric section of segment III covering VES 9–12 along Ado-Ikere Road.
Geoelectric section of segment III covering VES 9–12 along Ado-Ikere Road.

The layer parameters and geoelectric characteristics.

VES No. Layer resistivity (Ωm) Layer thickness (m) Depth (m) Curve types Lithology
1 288.4   0.5   0.5 Topsoil/Laterite
  76.6 14.5 15 H Clay
182.6 - - Weathered layer
2 138.4   0.9   0.9 Topsoil/Laterite
  36.2   3.1   4.0 H Clay
113.6 - - Weathered layer
3   57.1   6.0   6.0 Topsoil/Laterite
119.3   2.1   8.2 A Clay
157.7 - - Weathered layer
4 208.3   0.5   0.5 Topsoil
307.2   1.1   1.6 KQ Lateritic clay
102.8   2.0   3.6 Clay
100.8 - - Weathered layer
5 153.6   1.2   1.2 Topsoil
121.6   2.6   3.8 QH Lateritic clay
  64.7   8.4 12.2 Clay
208.2 - - Weathered layer
6 170.2   1.0   1.0 Topsoil
151.8   3.2   4.2 QH Lateritic clay
  57.0   4.0   8.2 Clay
126.5 - - Weathered layer
7 177.8   1.1   1.1 Topsoil
277.9   2.1   3.2 KH Lateritic clay
  48.0   4.2   7.4 Clay
170.0 - - Weathered layer
8   88.7   0.8   0.8 Topsoil
180.1   4.0   4.8 KH Lateritic clay
  26.5   5.0   9.8 Clay
113.9 - - Weathered layer
9 289.0   0.4   0.4 Topsoil/Laterite
  66.4   1.9   2.3 Q Clay
  62.1 - - Weathered layer
10   94.9   9.9   9.9 Topsoil/Laterite
146.0   2.4 12.3 A Clay
229.6 - - Weathered layer
11 105.7   0.9   0.3 Topsoil/Laterite
  33.4   2.1   3.0 H Clay
149.8 - - Weathered layer
12 131.5   0.5   0.5 Topsoil/Laterite
  38.2   6.8   7.3 H Clay
377.9 - - Weathered layer
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