Hydrocarbon Potential and Biomarker Studies of EE-1 Well, Offshore Eastern Dahomey Basin, SW Nigeria
, e
04 set 2023
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Categoria dell'articolo: Original Scientific Article
Pubblicato online: 04 set 2023
Pagine: 33 - 46
Ricevuto: 02 lug 2021
Accettato: 18 gen 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2021-0011
Parole chiave
© 2022 Matthew E. Nton et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
![Regional map of four countries showing the location of the Benin (Dahomey) Basin in the Gulf of Guinea [11].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369f24e662f30ba53d23c/j_rmzmag-2021-0011_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250915%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250915T092617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=8116067fc4bbe61fe22682dc77e535b129fb988cc0ee11b383e3bcfe8cadae6b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Dahomey embayment showing the study area (after d’Almeida et al. [14]).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369f24e662f30ba53d23c/j_rmzmag-2021-0011_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250915%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250915T092617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7355abb67ae1c1b98fe144ff1178156a7a3e9d97a6f048e33bd192e45a87b44e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3

Figure 4
![A cross plot of hydrogen index (HI) versus oxygen index (OI) showing that the organic matter of the studied well is of types II and type III kerogen (Modified after Van Krevelen [29]).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369f24e662f30ba53d23c/j_rmzmag-2021-0011_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250915%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250915T092617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=40273e30744ec143765c5199f40c3898bdfd3ff0b574718e16b86c842f49a3c9&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5
![A cross plot of remaining hydrocarbon potential (S2) against total organic content (TOC) showing the organic matter type and origin (after Jackson et al. [30]).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369f24e662f30ba53d23c/j_rmzmag-2021-0011_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250915%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250915T092617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7c28bb8d922d08ec77872fb17a339026e9b7dc7e96cc125db7ee3a880d24ed8b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 6
![Plot of hydrogen index (HI) against Tmax showing that the kerogen is in the immature window [33].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369f24e662f30ba53d23c/j_rmzmag-2021-0011_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250915%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250915T092617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=393e9b9e5a8c65949e6a2abedf61f4cfc4f6fbb88973c588a6e7a92d1d50f9eb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7

Figure 8
![Cross plot of Pr/n-C17 versus Ph/n-C18 showing the sources of organic matter and the depositional environment (Modified after Cortes et al. [39]).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369f24e662f30ba53d23c/j_rmzmag-2021-0011_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250915%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250915T092617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=0b38c24e75f3990c5427a51b4dbff9c08b54d9c129b63c498dab99a8a1f9163f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11
![Ternary plot showing distribution of C27, C28, and C29 steranes for EE-1 Well. (After Huang and Meinschein [49]).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369f24e662f30ba53d23c/j_rmzmag-2021-0011_fig_011.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250915%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250915T092617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=20e63ca43e5965595b0c5f18e9c4873256a43472f4e58f424cc4230c057cd54b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Data showing values of isoprenoids, isoprenoids/n-alkane ratios and other parameters for EE-1 well_
Sample ID | Pr/Ph | Pr/n-C17 | Ph/n-C18 | CPI | OEP-1 | OEP-2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1B | 1.47 | 0.98 | 0.62 | 1.93 | 0.51 | 0.83 |
2B | 1.74 | 1.20 | 0.90 | 1.66 | 0.45 | 0.76 |
4B | 2.38 | 2.41 | 1.08 | 1.70 | 0.51 | 0.8 |
6B | 2.05 | 2.99 | 1.83 | 1.51 | 0.46 | 0.62 |
7B | 3.20 | 2.42 | 1.40 | 1.67 | 0.53 | 0.7 |
8B | 2.33 | 1.58 | 0.76 | 1.23 | 0.39 | 0.51 |
9B | 1.49 | 2.31 | 1.55 | 1.27 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
10B | 1.78 | 1.24 | 0.63 | 1.01 | 0.35 | 0.41 |
11B | 2.20 | 0.99 | 0.51 | 1.12 | 0.39 | 0.44 |
12B | 1.65 | 0.92 | 0.54 | 1.04 | 0.37 | 0.4 |
14B | 1.94 | 0.60 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.4 | 0.08 |
15B | 1.80 | 0.80 | 0.42 | 1.12 | 0.41 | 0.42 |
Results of TOC and Rock-Eval Pyrolysis of the studied samples_
Sample ID | Depth (m) | SOM (ppm) | TOC | S1 | S2 | S3 | Tmax | Calc. %Ro | GP (S1 + S2) | HI | OI | SOM/TOC | S1/TOC | PI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 1240 | 676.12 | 1.14 | 0.13 | 1.11 | 2.23 | 423 | 0.45 | 1.24 | 97 | 196 | 59.31 | 11 | 0.10 |
S2 | 1340 | 2004.31 | 1.01 | 0.16 | 1.02 | 2.36 | 422 | 0.44 | 1.18 | 101 | 234 | 198.45 | 16 | 0.14 |
S3 | 1410 | ND | 1.19 | 0.16 | 1.31 | 2.78 | 425 | 0.49 | 1.47 | 110 | 234 | ND | 13 | 0.11 |
S4 | 1480 | 1417.71 | 1.41 | 0.19 | 1.93 | 2.55 | 428 | 0.54 | 2.12 | 137 | 181 | 100.55 | 13 | 0.09 |
S5 | 1560 | ND | 0.96 | 0.15 | 1.15 | 2.51 | 429 | 0.56 | 1.3 | 120 | 262 | ND | 16 | 0.12 |
S6 | 1620 | 2456.23 | 0.97 | 0.15 | 1.26 | 1.96 | 429 | 0.56 | 1.41 | 131 | 203 | 43.03 | 16 | 0.11 |
S7 | 1700 | 2883.85 | 1.02 | 0.21 | 1.66 | 2.79 | 427 | 0.53 | 1.87 | 163 | 274 | 13.04 | 21 | 0.11 |
S8 | 1760 | 1835.19 | 1.47 | 0.25 | 2.60 | 2.39 | 430 | 0.58 | 2.85 | 177 | 163 | 15.28 | 17 | 0.09 |
S9 | 1830 | 1599.37 | 1.94 | 0.34 | 5.84 | 2.51 | 426 | 0.51 | 6.18 | 301 | 129 | 11.96 | 18 | 0.06 |
S10 | 1906 | 1205.55 | 2.63 | 0.93 | 8.24 | 2.53 | 427 | 0.53 | 9.17 | 313 | 96 | 6.13 | 35 | 0.10 |
S11 | 1965 | 2698.84 | 1.91 | 1.00 | 4.11 | 2.51 | 431 | 0.60 | 5.11 | 215 | 131 | 23.64 | 52 | 0.20 |
S12 | 2040 | 1826.01 | 2.03 | 0.95 | 2.99 | 3.29 | 425 | 0.49 | 3.94 | 147 | 162 | 6.28 | 47 | 0.24 |
S13 | 2118 | ND | 1.18 | 0.39 | 2.94 | 2.30 | 429 | 0.56 | 3.33 | 249 | 195 | ND | 33 | 0.12 |
S14 | 2180 | 2143.91 | 1.15 | 0.63 | 3.25 | 2.79 | 422 | 0.44 | 3.88 | 283 | 243 | 186.43 | 55 | 0.16 |
S15 | 2257.5 | 1978.45 | 8.92 | 1.35 | 43.18 | 3.15 | 426 | 0.51 | 44.53 | 484 | 35 | 22.18 | 15 | 0.03 |
Source and depositional environment parameters computed from the saturate biomarkers of the EE-1 well_
Sample ID | %C27 Sterane | %C28 Sterane | %C29 Sterane | C21T/C23T | C23T/C24T | Hop/Ster | dia/reg | Ole/Hop | Gam/Hop | C24 Tet/(C26 (S+R) + C24 Tet) | C25/C26 (S+R) | C35/C31-C35Hom |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1B | 33.50% | 19.68% | 46.82% | 0.58 | 1.49 | 4.13 | 0.18 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.06 |
2B | 34.79% | 22.11% | 43.10% | 0.8 | 1.59 | 2.99 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.14 |
4B | 27.36% | 19.31% | 53.33% | 0.49 | 1.33 | 1.98 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.48 | 0.05 |
6B | 33.10% | 20.73% | 46.18% | 0.82 | 1.66 | 1.62 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.62 | 0.89 | 0.05 |
7B | 33.35% | 20.97% | 45.68% | 0.78 | 1.39 | 3.65 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.48 | 0.05 |
8B | 36.81% | 21.02% | 42.17% | 0.62 | 1.73 | 4.1 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.64 | 0.41 | 0.05 |
9B | 36.85% | 25.19% | 37.96% | 0.55 | 1.98 | 1.53 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.44 | 0.07 |
10B | 40.18% | 25.85% | 33.97% | 0.33 | 3.45 | 6.04 | 0.33 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.09 |
11B | 38.09% | 24.36% | 37.55% | 0.39 | 3.1 | 11.45 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.06 |
12B | 38.86% | 27.19% | 33.95% | 0.36 | 2.57 | 16.11 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.67 | 0.09 |
14B | 36.49% | 23.80% | 39.71% | 0.46 | 1.91 | 6.27 | 0.35 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.56 | 0.11 |
15B | 37.53% | 41.63% | 45.42% | 0.37 | 1.92 | 6.91 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.63 | 0.17 |
Biomarker maturity parameters computed for the studied well samples_
Sample ID | Ts /Tm | Mor / Hop | αββ/αββ+ααα C29 Sterane | 22S/22S+22R | MPI-1 | DMN | TMN-1 | MDBT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1B | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 1.72 | 3.56 | 0.89 | 2.98 |
2B | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 1.46 | 2.96 | 0.73 | 3.35 |
4B | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 0.40 | 1.75 | 4.19 | 0.91 | 2.83 |
6B | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 1.37 | 4.04 | 1.13 | 3.11 |
7B | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 1.41 | 3.53 | 0.97 | 6.21 |
8B | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 1.35 | 2.25 | 1.06 | 1.81 |
9B | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.48 | 1.48 | 3.74 | 1.05 | 1.98 |
10B | 0.35 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 0.57 | 1.12 | 3.01 | 1.17 | 0.82 |
11B | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0.60 | 1.16 | 3.33 | 0.79 | 1.07 |
12B | 0.50 | 0.11 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 1.01 | 3.25 | 0.67 | 1.51 |
14B | 0.44 | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 1.28 | 4.96 | 1.11 | 2.19 |
15B | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.42 | 0.59 | 1.32 | 4.36 | 0.79 | 1.47 |