Cognitive functioning in a cohort of high-grade glioma patients

FIGURE 1.

Number of patients with different combinations of IDH1 mutation expression and methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) methylation

	MGMT-met	MGMT-unmet	Total
IDH1-mut	5	10	15
IDH1-wt	49	26	75
Total	54	36	90

Cognitive functioning regarding to isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation

	IDH1–wt		IDH-mut		Result of the statistical test	IDH1–wt	IDH1-mut	Result of the statistical test
	N	Mean Z score (SD)	N	Mean Z score (SD)		% of impaired	% of impaired
TMT A	53	3.121 (3.84)	15	2.06 (2.23)	U = 345.000, z = −0.77, df = 66, p= 0.437	72	46	χ2(1) = 3.67, V = 0.20, p = 0.055
TMT B	33	2.821 (3.11)	13	2.76 (2.57)	U = 221.500, z = −0.17, df = 66, p = 0.864	82	60	χ2(1) = 3.87, V = 0.21, p = 0.050
SCOWA	66	−1.28 (0.87)	15	−0.86 (0.84)	t = −1.69, df = 79, p = 0.095	51	27	χ2(1) = 2.89, V = 0.18, p = 0.089
SVLT-ir	65	−1.98 (1.06)	15	−1.15 (1.12)	t = −2.729, df = 78, p = 0.008	71	33	χ2(1) = 7.60, V = 0.29, p = 0.006
SVLT-sr	65	−2.20 (1.29)	15	−1.37 (1.22)	t = −2.25, df = 78, p = 0.027	84	53	χ2(1) = 7.06, V = 0.28, p = 0.008
SVLT-dr	65	−2.14 (1.27)	15	−0.98 (1.34)	t = −3.13, df = 78, p =0.002	69	33	χ2(1) = 6.98, V = 0.28, p = 0.008
SVLT-recog	65	−3.061 (3.54)	15	−1.24 (1.91)	U = 611.000, z = −2.25, df = 78, p = 0.023	29	26	χ2(1) = 3.00, V = 0.18, p = 0.083

Demographic and medical data

Variable	Levels	f (%)	Descriptive statistics
Gender	Male	57 (63%)
	Female	33 (37%)
Age	< 50 years	17 (19%)	M = 58.78, SD = 11.31min = 30, max = 84
	50–70years	60 (67%)
	> 70 years	13 (14%)
Education	≤9 years	14 (16%)
	10–13 years	48 (53%)
	14–19 years	26 (29%)
	≥20 years	2 (2%)
Tumour grade	Grade III	12 (13%)
	Grade IV	78 (87%)
Tumour location	Frontal	34 (38%)
	Parietal	21 (23%)
	Temporal	26 (29%)
	Occipital	4 (4%)
	central	3 (3%)
	Diffuse	2 (2%)
Hemisphere	Right	38 (42%)
	Left	44 (49%)
	Both	8 (9%)
Surgery type	Biopsy	11 (12%)
	Reduction	49 (54%)
	Gross tumour resection	30 (33%)
Karnoffsky performance status	70	32 (36%)
	80	37 (41%)
	90	18 (20%)
	100	3 (3%)
Corticosteroids (Yes/no, mg)	Yes	66 (73%)	M = 5.55, SD = 4.73min 0, max 24
	No	24 (27%)
Radio-chemotherapy (intention to treat)	Yes	90 (100%)
	No	0 (0%)
Time to beginning of adjuvant treatment (in weeks)	≤ 6 weeks	60 (67%)	M = 5.98, SD = 2.25min 3, max 15
	≥ 7 weeks	30 (33%)
Epilepsy	Yes	27 (30%)
	No	63 (70%)
IDH1 mutation	IDH1 mutation	15 (17%)
	IDH1 wild type	75 (83%)
MGMT methylation*	Yes	36 (42%)
	No	50 (58%)

Patient characteristics, regarding isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation

	IDH1-wt (N = 75)	IDH1-mut (N=15)	Result of the statistical test and effect size
Age mean (min/max/SD)	61.50 (31 / 84 / 9.21)	38.75 (30 / 67 / 3.86)	t = −5.97, df = 88, p< 0.001
Sex (female / male)	29 / 46	4 / 11	χ2(1) = 0.775, f = −0.93, p = 0.379
Education level (≤ 9 years /10–13 years / 14–19 years / ≥ 20 years)	11 / 40 / 22 / 2	3 / 8 / 4 / 0	τb(3) = −0.06, z = −0.83, p = 0.547
KPS (70/80/90/100)	31 / 34 / 7 / 3	1 / 3 / 11 / 0	τb(3) = 0.403, z = 18.95, p < 0.001
WHO grade (III / IV)	1 /74	11 /4	χ2(1) = 56.08, f = −0.789, p < 0.001
Corticosteroids mg (min/max/SD)	2 (0 / 16 / 6)	5 (0 / 24 / 4.5)	t = −1.16, df = 88, p = 0.251
biopsy/reduction/gross tumour resection	9 / 44 / 22	2 / 5 / 8	χ2(2) = 3.65, V = 0.210, p = 0.161
Tumour location (frontal / temporal / parietal / occipital / diffuse / central)	26 / 20 / 21 / 4 / 2 / 2	8 / 1 / 5 / 0 / 1 / 0	NA
Hemisphere (right / left / both)	21 / 27 / 6	17 / 17 / 2	χ2(2) = 1.14, V = 0.113, p = 0.566
MGMT (yes / no)	10 / 5	26 /49	χ2(1) = 5.33, f = 0.24, p = 0.021

Cognitive functioning regarding methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) methylation

	MGMT-met		MGMT-unmet		Result of the statistical test	MGMT-met	MGMT –unmet	Result of the statistical test
	N	Mean Z score (SD)	N	Mean Z score (SD)		% of impaired	% of impaired
TMT A	26	2.67 (3.01)	42	3.031 (3.90)	U = 530.000, z = −0.20, df = 67, p = 0.840	69	66	χ2(1) = 0.08, V = 0.03, p = 0.782
TMT B	20	3.22 (2.30)	26	2.481 (3.37)	U = 334.000, z = 1.64, df = 45, p = 0.101	86	74	χ2(1) = 1.88, V = 0.14, p = 0.170
SCOWA	33	−1.25 (0.87)	48	−1.181 (0.89)	U = 756.000, z = −0.35, df = 70, p = 0.729	50	44	χ2(1) = 0.27, V = 0.05, p = .605
SVLT-ir	32	−1.85 (1.27)	48	−1.821 (1.01)	U = 771.000, z = 0.03, df = 78, p = 0.975	64	67	χ2(1) = 0.01, V = 0.01, p = 0.928
SVLT-sr	32	−2.03 (1.32)	48	−2.06 (1.32)	t = 0.09, df = 78, p = 0.926	75	81	χ2(1) = 0.54, V = 0.08, p = 0.460
SVLT-dr	32	−1.98 (1.52)	48	−1.89 (1.25)	t = −0.30, df = 78, p = 0.763	66	61	χ2(1) = 0.29, V = 0.06, p = 0.592
SVLT-recog	32	−2.731 (4.24)	48	−2.721 (2.71)	U = 784.000, z = 0.828, df = 78, p = 0.407	58	61	χ2(1) = 0.07, V = 0.03, p = 0.792

Patient characteristics regarding methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) methylation

	MGMT-unmet (N=54)	MGMT-met (N = 36)	Result of the statistical test and effect size
Age mean (min/max/SD)	58.94 (31 / 84 / 10.42) 1	58,53 (30 / 78 / 12.67)	t = −0.17, df = 88, p = 0.86
Sex (female / male)	19 / 35	14 / 22	χ2(1) = 0.13, f = 0.04, p = 0.721
Education level (≤9 years /10–13 years / 14–19 years / ≥ 20 years)	8 / 19 / 11 / 0	9 / 29 / 15 / 2	τb (3) = −0.03, z = −1.41, p = 0.776
KPS (70/80/90/100)	20 / 23 / 9 / 2	12 / 14 / 9 /1	τb (3) =0.06, z = 2.82, p = 0.541
WHO grade (III / IV)	3 / 51	9 / 27	χ2(1) = 7.07, f= −0.28, p = 0.008
Corticosteroids mg (min/max/SD)	5.67 (0 /24 / 5,04)	5.48 (0 / 16 / 4.22)	t = 0.18, df = 88, p = 0.857
Biopsy/reduction/gross tumour resection	9 / 31 / 14	2 / 18 / 16	χ2(2) = 4.62, V = 0.23, p = 0.099
Tumour location (frontal / temporal / parietal / occipital / diffuse / central)	26 / 20 / 21 / 4 / 2 / 2	8 / 1 / 5 / 0 / 1 / 0	NA
Hemisphere (right / left / both)	28 / 40 / 7	10 / 4 / 1	χ2(2) = 4.46, V = 0.223, p = 0.107
IDH1 (yes / no)	5 / 49	10 / 26	χ2(1) = 5.33, f = 0.24, p = 0.021

Descriptive statistics for standardized test scores (z–values) and proportion of impaired patients in psychological cognitive functioning tests

Domain	Test	% impaired / all	N	% impaired / capable	Mean z score	SD of z scores
Visual – motor speed	TMT A	68	68	57	2.89	3.57
Executive function	TMT B	78	46	59	2.80	2.94
Verbal fluency	SCOWA	47	81	41	−1.21	0.88
Memory
immediate recall	SVLT-ir	64	80	60	−1.83	1.11
short delayed recall	SVLT-sr	79		76	−2.05	1.31
delayed recall	SVLT-dr	63		58	−1.92	1.35
recognition	SVLT-recog	60		52	−2.73	3.36