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Landscapes, Settlements and Traditional Housing in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia

Roman Maisuradze
Roman Maisuradze
, 
Tamar Khardziani
Tamar Khardziani
 e 
Tea Eradze
Tea Eradze
   | 20 mar 2021
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Pubblicato online: 20 mar 2021
Pagine: 85 - 95
Ricevuto: 04 feb 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0007
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© 2021 Roman Maisuradze et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Public License.

Fig. 1

Samtskhe-Javakheti relief.
Samtskhe-Javakheti relief.

Fig. 2

Location of the study area and its landscapes.1 – lower mountain semi-humid forest, 2 – middle mountain Colchian forest, 3 – middle mountain forest, 4 – mountain valleys with steppes, meadows and semi-aird shurbs, 5 – middle mountain arid forest, shrubs, and steppes, 6 – middle mountain dark coniferous forest, 7 – plateau with steppes and meadows, 8 – upper mountain pine and brich forest, 9 – highland subalpine sparse forests and shruby meadows, 10 – high mountain alpine meadows, 11 – high mountain sub-nival.
Location of the study area and its landscapes.1 – lower mountain semi-humid forest, 2 – middle mountain Colchian forest, 3 – middle mountain forest, 4 – mountain valleys with steppes, meadows and semi-aird shurbs, 5 – middle mountain arid forest, shrubs, and steppes, 6 – middle mountain dark coniferous forest, 7 – plateau with steppes and meadows, 8 – upper mountain pine and brich forest, 9 – highland subalpine sparse forests and shruby meadows, 10 – high mountain alpine meadows, 11 – high mountain sub-nival.

Fig. 3

The geographical allocation of the folk architecture.A – Fortress Rabat with stone houses, B – Stone houses, C – Semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, D – Semi-underground houses, E – Terraced semi-underground houses, F – Cave dwellings, G – Wooden log houses.
The geographical allocation of the folk architecture.A – Fortress Rabat with stone houses, B – Stone houses, C – Semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, D – Semi-underground houses, E – Terraced semi-underground houses, F – Cave dwellings, G – Wooden log houses.

Fig. 4

Architectural types of buildings from Samtskhe-Javakheti.A – Tmogvi Castel – fortress Rabat with stone houses, B – Akhaltsikhe Rabat – fortress Rabat with stone houses, C – Village Muskhi – stone houses, D – Village Khizabavra – stone houses, E – Village Zeda Tmogvi – semi-underground houses, F – Village Zeda Tmogvi – the interior of the semi-underground house, G – Village Chobareti – terraced semi-underground houses (from Zedginidze family archive from village Chobareti, the 1920s), H – Village Chobareti – modern condition of the terraced semi-underground houses. (Photo by R. Maisuradze, 2017–2018).
Architectural types of buildings from Samtskhe-Javakheti.A – Tmogvi Castel – fortress Rabat with stone houses, B – Akhaltsikhe Rabat – fortress Rabat with stone houses, C – Village Muskhi – stone houses, D – Village Khizabavra – stone houses, E – Village Zeda Tmogvi – semi-underground houses, F – Village Zeda Tmogvi – the interior of the semi-underground house, G – Village Chobareti – terraced semi-underground houses (from Zedginidze family archive from village Chobareti, the 1920s), H – Village Chobareti – modern condition of the terraced semi-underground houses. (Photo by R. Maisuradze, 2017–2018).

Fig. 5

Architectural types of buildings from Samtskhe-Javakheti.A – Village Faravana – semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, B – Village Saghamo – the modern condition of the semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, C – Cave city Vardzia – Cave dwellings, D – Village Tsikhisdjvari – wooden log houses. (Photo by R. Maisuradze, 2017–2018).
Architectural types of buildings from Samtskhe-Javakheti.A – Village Faravana – semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, B – Village Saghamo – the modern condition of the semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, C – Cave city Vardzia – Cave dwellings, D – Village Tsikhisdjvari – wooden log houses. (Photo by R. Maisuradze, 2017–2018).

Sixteenth-century settlements, population and architectural style.

Architectural type of building Number of settlements The share of settlements [%] Population The share of the population [%]
Fortress Rabat with stone houses 22 3.8 5530 13.8
Stone houses 60 10.5 2142 5.3
Semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses 192 33.5 15,071 37.6
Semi-underground houses 214 37.3 13,741 34.3
Terraced semi-underground houses 47 8.2 2688 6.7
Cave dwellings 3 0.5 35 0.1
Wooden log houses 35 6.1 903 2.3
Total 573 100.0 40,068 100.0

Landscapes, settlements, population and architectural style.

Landscape Architectural type of building Number of settlements The share of settlements [%] Population The share of the population [%]
Middle mountain Colchian forest G 100.00
Total 4 100.00
Lower mountain semihumid forest A 1 8.333
B 9 75
C 2 16.67 84 100.00
Total 12 100.00 84 100.00
Middle mountain forest B 2 66.67
G 1 33.33
Total 3 100.00
Middle mountain arid forests, shrubs and steppes A 2 4.54 1330 34.67
D 37 84.09 2226 58.03
F 3 6.82 77 2.01
Total 45 100.00 3836 100.00
Mountain valleys with steppes, meadows and semiarid shrubs A 8 4.49 3773 21.41
B 12 6.74 798 4.53
C 146 81.02 11,977 67.98
D 10 5.62 917 5.2
E 2 1.12 154 0.87
Total 178 100.00 17,619 100.00
Plateau with steppes and meadows A 1 0.87 21 0.25
C 2 1.74 273 3.28
D 112 97.39 8022 96.46
Total 115 100.00 8316 100.00
Middle mountain dark coniferous forest A 8 6.35 343 5.3
B 36 28.57 1344 20.76
C 39 30.95 2562 39.57
E 14 11.11 1281 19.78
G 29 23.02 945 14.59
Total 126 100.00 6475 100.00
Upper mountain pine and birch forest A 2 25 63 64.29
C 1 12.5
E 4 50 35 35.71
Total 8 100.00 98 100.00
Highland subalpine sparse forests and shrubby meadows C 53 67.09 2506 70.2
E 26 32.91 1064 29.8
Total 79 100.00 3570 100.00
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