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Study of the Effect of Chemical Pollution with Coal-Fired Power Plant on the Fish of Lake Kenon (Trans-Baikal Territory, Russia)

Gazhit Ts. Tsybekmitova
Gazhit Ts. Tsybekmitova
, 
Evgeniya P. Gorlacheva
Evgeniya P. Gorlacheva
 e 
Nataliya A. Tashlykova
Nataliya A. Tashlykova
   | 23 mar 2021
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Pubblicato online: 23 mar 2021
Pagine: 51 - 62
Ricevuto: 06 nov 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0004
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© 2021 Gazhit Ts. Tsybekmitova et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Public License.

Fig. 1

Study area and stations where samples were collected.I – Perca fluviatus (1–15: 1–5 – material selected at the TPP station; 6–11 – materials selected at the Neftebaza station; 12–15 – materials selected at the KSK station); II – Carassius auratus gibelio (16–30: 16–22 – materials selected at the TPP station; 23–26 – materials selected at the Neftebaza station; 27–30 – materials selected at the KSK station).
Study area and stations where samples were collected.I – Perca fluviatus (1–15: 1–5 – material selected at the TPP station; 6–11 – materials selected at the Neftebaza station; 12–15 – materials selected at the KSK station); II – Carassius auratus gibelio (16–30: 16–22 – materials selected at the TPP station; 23–26 – materials selected at the Neftebaza station; 27–30 – materials selected at the KSK station).

Fig. 2

Box plots depicting the selected parameters of water quality in Lake Kenon.
Box plots depicting the selected parameters of water quality in Lake Kenon.

Fig. 3

The feed preferences of the dominant fishes of Lake Kenon.a – P. fluviatus; b – C. auratus gibelio.
The feed preferences of the dominant fishes of Lake Kenon.a – P. fluviatus; b – C. auratus gibelio.

Fig. 4

Bioaccumulation factors in the ecosystem of the Lake Kenon (values – n times).
Bioaccumulation factors in the ecosystem of the Lake Kenon (values – n times).

Fig. 5

Factors of trophic magnification in the ecosystem of the Lake Kenon.
Factors of trophic magnification in the ecosystem of the Lake Kenon.

Fig. 6

Correlation of heavy metals in the muscles with fish species in the space of latent variablesI – Perca fluviatus (1–15: 1–5 – samples collected at the station of the thermal power plant; 6–11 – samples collected at the station “Neftebaza”; 12–15 – samples collected at the station “KSK”); II – Carassius auratus gibelio (16–30: 16–22 – samples collected at the station of the thermal power plant; 23–26 – samples collected at the station “Neftebaza”; 27–30 – samples, collected at the station “KSK”).
Correlation of heavy metals in the muscles with fish species in the space of latent variablesI – Perca fluviatus (1–15: 1–5 – samples collected at the station of the thermal power plant; 6–11 – samples collected at the station “Neftebaza”; 12–15 – samples collected at the station “KSK”); II – Carassius auratus gibelio (16–30: 16–22 – samples collected at the station of the thermal power plant; 23–26 – samples collected at the station “Neftebaza”; 27–30 – samples, collected at the station “KSK”).

Dominantions of water (mg/L−1) in Lake Kenon in years 2000–2018.

Parameter Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ HCO3− SO42− {\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - } Cl− TDS
Minimum 49.3 2.1 36.8 48.1 93 196.9 68.1 495
Mean 54.4 ± 12.0 2.2 ± 0.1 42.5 ± 9.6 55.0 ± 14.2 131.8 ± 49.5 225.2 ± 87.8 55.0 ± 12.1 548 ± 64.4
Maximum 60.2 2.2 47.2 64.8 164.7 239.2 33.1 594

Results of analysis (μg g−1) of standard reference material (BOk-2) in comparison with certified values.

Metal [n = 6] Limit of quantification SRM, Baikal perch tissue, BOk-2 Measured BOk-2 Recovery [%]
Cr 5.100 0.80 ± 0.1 0.29 36
Mn 0.050 1.70 ± 0.3 2.10 123
Cu 0.040 1.90 ± 0.3 1.10 58
Zn 0.070 23.00 ± 2.0 23.00 100
Hg 0.160 0.50 ± 0.2 0.39 78
Pb 0.012 0.37 ± 0.1 0.26 70

The concentrations of chemical elements in the aquatic environment, bottom sediments, and food organisms of the fishes in Lake Kenon.

Ñomponents Unit Cr Mn Cu Zn Hg Pb
Water
n = 20 μg L−1 1 4.00 0.86 2.70 0.18 0.16
SD 0 1.78 0.11 1.04 0.08 0.07
MPL μg L−1 1 10.00 5.00 10.00 0.10 6.00
EPA μg L−1 50 50.00 1.00 5.00 2.00 50.00
Bottom sediments
damp 70%, n = 25 μg kg−1 13874 33 24535 43243 25 12072
SD 2114 10 3351 3694 20 2375
Ccrust μg kg−1 100000 900000 55000 70000 70 14000
The food organisms from the stomach of the fish
Chara sp. n = 10 μg kg−1 200 170563 1066 3488 5 320
SD 94 1232 255 1144 2 81
Amphipods, n = 7 μg kg−1 86 4920 9970 10400 16 70
SD 15 303 117 1130 8 16
Chironomus spp., n = 7 μg kg−1 500 23500 3570 14900 7 464
SD 30 1810 160 5200 1 20
DL, biota μg kg−1 20 50 40 70 4 10

Selected morphometrical and biological characteristics of the fishes collected in Lake Kenon.

Species Weight range (mean) Length range (mean) Age Number of individuals Male / Female
[g] [cm] [years]
Carassius auratus gibelio 76–246 (169) 13–19 (16) 4+ – 5+ 15 5♂/10♀
Perca fluviatilis 44–100 (73) 13–18 (15) 3+ – 4+ 15 6♂/9♀

Chemical elements in the fishes (N=10) of Lake Kenon (mg kg−1 of dry matter).

Fish species Cr Mn Cu Zn Hg Pb
In the muscles
P. fluviatus 0.18 ± 0.03 0.85 ± 0.15 0.91 ± 0.13 30.8 ± 4.36 0.47 ± 0.17 0.73 ± 0.10
C. auratus gibelio 0.23 ± 0.06 1.00 ± 0.25 1.20 ± 0.37 82.5 ± 56.00 0.27 ± 0.11 0.58 ± 0.09
MPL 1.00 1.00 10.00 40.00 0.30 1.00
EPA – 0.05 1.00 5.00 – 0.05
In the food components of the fish stomach
P. fluviatus 0.029 ± 0.004 277 ± 14.5 18.7 ± 6.2 179.9 ± 54.9 0.55 ± 0.08 0.19 ± 0.06
C. auratus gibelio 13.60 ± 4.21 485 ± 53.0 80.8 ± 14.5 673.5 ± 167.8 0.45 ± 0.01 3.07 ± 0.03
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