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Modelling the Structure of Terrestrial Landscapes in Urban Areas

Natalya Krutskikh

Natalya Krutskikh

Institute of Geology, Karelian Research CenterPetrozavodsk, Russia
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Krutskikh, Natalya
  
29 gen 2021
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Pubblicato online: 29 gen 2021
Pagine: 39 - 49
Ricevuto: 17 dic 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0003
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© 2021 Natalya Krutskikh, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Public License.

Fig. 1

Location of the research area.
Location of the research area.

Fig. 2

Digital elevation model of Petrozavodsk.
Digital elevation model of Petrozavodsk.

Fig. 3

Scheme of creating a model of landscape structure.
Scheme of creating a model of landscape structure.

Fig. 4

Topographic position index (TPI)A – radius of the environs is 200 m; B – radius of the environs is 500 m; and C – radius of the environs is 1000 m. Standardised TPI: D – radius of the environs is 200 m; E – radius of the environs is 500 m; and F – radius of the environs is 1000 m.
Topographic position index (TPI)A – radius of the environs is 200 m; B – radius of the environs is 500 m; and C – radius of the environs is 1000 m. Standardised TPI: D – radius of the environs is 200 m; E – radius of the environs is 500 m; and F – radius of the environs is 1000 m.

Fig. 5

The ratio of relief classes when changing the estimated radius of the environs.
The ratio of relief classes when changing the estimated radius of the environs.

Fig. 6

Map of slope.
Map of slope.

Fig. 7

Map of general curvature.
Map of general curvature.

Fig. 8

Elementary landscapes. Decoding of indices in Table 2.
Elementary landscapes. Decoding of indices in Table 2.

Fig. 9

Scheme of distribution of quaternary deposits 1 – loamy-clayey lacustrine-glacial deposits; 2 – moraine sandy loam; and 3 – sandy lacustrine-glacial and lacustrine deposits.
Scheme of distribution of quaternary deposits 1 – loamy-clayey lacustrine-glacial deposits; 2 – moraine sandy loam; and 3 – sandy lacustrine-glacial and lacustrine deposits.

Fig. 10

Map of functional zoning.
Map of functional zoning.

Fig. 11

Distribution of functional areas on the territory of Petrozavodsk.
Distribution of functional areas on the territory of Petrozavodsk.

Fig. 12

Landscape model of Petrozavodsk.Landscape areas: I – northern area; II – central area; III – western area; and IV – north-east area.
Landscape model of Petrozavodsk.Landscape areas: I – northern area; II – central area; III – western area; and IV – north-east area.

Fig. 13

The ratio of the area occupied by landscape zones. Decoding of indices in Figure 12.
The ratio of the area occupied by landscape zones. Decoding of indices in Figure 12.

Results of assessing the accuracy of DEM by control points_

Parameter Value [m]
Minimum −3.6
Maximum 11.4
MAE 3.5
RMSE 5.4
SD 4.4

Criteria for distinguishing elementary landscapes_

Elementary landscapes Index Landforms Morphometric parameters
TPI Slope Curvature
Eluvial E Flat watershed surfacesConvex tops of hills and ridgesAbove the floodplain terrace, clearly expressed in relief >1SD <5 0, +
>1SD 3–10 +
Transeluvial (moderate offset) TE2 Slopes of medium steepness −1SD1SD<- 1SD 5–10 −, 0, +0, +
Transeluvial (low offset) TE1 Gentle slopes −1SD -00 − 1SD <5 0, +−, 0, +
Transeluvial-accumulative TeA The foot of the slope −1SD − 0<- 1SD <32–5<55–10 −, 0−0, +−
Super-aquatic Sa Depressions and ravines, floodplains <- 1SD <3 −
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