The role of Polish musicians in shaping the Ukrainian school of composition in the 19th and early 20th centuries

The article presents a system organizing the forms and ways of influencing Polish musicians on Ukrainian composers in the era of the most intensive development of national schools. In the discussed system, there are four main levels at which professional Ukrainian musicians absorb influences from Polish musical culture. The first level—“empirical”, concerning the use of elements of folk music as a quotation, or vice versa, of folk melodies of a neighboring nation recorded by Polish musicians in instrumental or theatrical works by Ukrainian composers. The second level—“integrative”, related to the activities of the so-called “Ukrainian school” of Polish musicians—Antoni Kocipiński, Michał Zawadzki, Władysław Zaremba active in Podolia and Kiev. The third level—“ephemeral”—takes into account the legacy of Tomasz Padura and Wojciech Sowiński, who, reaching for the sources of Ukrainian folklore, treated them in an absolutely subjective way. The fourth, “dialogic” level - idiolects of F. Chopin’s style in the works of Mykola Lysenko and subsequent generations of Ukrainian musicians.