When Charisma is no Longer Enough. Insights on Populist Parties’ Leadership from the (Northern) League

Aalberg, T., Esser, F., Reinemann, C., Stromback, J., & De Vreese, C. (eds.) (2016), Populist political communication in Europe, New York and London, Routledge.10.4324/9781315623016Search in Google Scholar

Albertazzi, D. (2007). Addressing ‘the People’: A Comparative Study of the Lega Nord’s and Lega dei Ticinesi’s Political Rhetoric and Styles of Propaganda. Modern Italy, 12(3), pp. 327–347.10.1080/13532940701633791Search in Google Scholar

Albertazzi, D. (2016). Going, Going, … Not Quite Gone Yet? Bossi’s Lega’ and the Survival of the Mass Party. Contemporary Italian Politics, 8 (1), pp. 1–16.10.1080/23248823.2016.1193349Search in Google Scholar

Albertazzi, D., & McDonnell, D. (eds.) (2008). Twenty-first century populism: The spectre of Western European democracy. Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan.Search in Google Scholar

Albertazzi, D., & McDonnell, D. (2015). Populists in power. London and New York, Routledge.10.4324/9781315725789Search in Google Scholar

Albertazzi, D., Giovannini, A., & Seddone, A. (2018). ‘No regionalism please, we are Leghisti!’ The transformation of the Italian Lega Nord under the leadership of Matteo Salvini. Regional & Federal Studies, 28(5), pp. 645–671.10.1080/13597566.2018.1512977Search in Google Scholar

Biorcio, R. (2017). The Northern League, in O. Mazzoleni and S. Mueller (eds.), Regionalist Parties in Western Europe: Dimensions of Success. London, Routledge, pp. 135–151.Search in Google Scholar

Blondel, J., & Thiébault, J.L. (eds.) (2009). Political leadership, parties and citizens. The personalisation of leadership. London and New York, Routledge.10.4324/9780203863435Search in Google Scholar

Bobba, G. (2018). Social Media Populism: Features and ‘Likeability’ of Lega Nord Communication on Facebook. European Political Science. doi:10.1057/s41304–017-0141–8.10.1057/s41304017-01418Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bordandini, P., Virgilio, A. D., & Raniolo, F. (2008). The birth of a party: the case of the Italian Partito Democratico. South European Society & Politics, 13(3), pp. 303–324.10.1080/13608740802349472Search in Google Scholar

Calise, M. (2010, first edition 2000). Il Partito Personale. Roma and Bari, Laterza.Search in Google Scholar

Canovan, M. [2002]. Taking politics to the people: Populism as the ideology of democracy, in Y. Mény & Y. Surel (eds.), Democracies and the populist challenge. London, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 25–44.10.1057/9781403920072_2Search in Google Scholar

Canovan, M. (1981). Populism. New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Search in Google Scholar

De Lange, S. & Art, D. (2011). Fortuyn versus Wilders: An Agency-Based Approach to Radical Right Party Building, West European Politics, 34 (6), pp. 1229–1249.Search in Google Scholar

Diamanti, I. (1996). Il male del Nord. Lega, localismo, secessione. Roma, Donzelli.Search in Google Scholar

Diamanti, I. (2017). La Lega oltre Bossi e la Padania. La Repubblica, March 17, 2017.Search in Google Scholar

Engesser, S., Ernst, N., Esser, F., & Büchel, F. (2017). Populism and social media: How politicians spread a fragmented ideology. Information, Communication & Society, 20(8), pp. 1109–1126.10.1080/1369118X.2016.1207697Search in Google Scholar

Garzia, D. (2011). The personalization of politics in Western democracies: Causes and consequences on leader-follower relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(4), pp. 697–709.10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.010Search in Google Scholar

Gerbaudo, P. (2018). Social media and populism: an elective affinity?. Media, Culture & Society, 40(5), pp. 745–753.10.1177/0163443718772192Search in Google Scholar

Itanes (2018). Vox populi. Il voto ad alta voce del 2018. Bologna, il Mulino.Search in Google Scholar

Jagers, J., & Walgrave, S. (2007). Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium. European Journal of Political Research, 46(3), pp. 319–345.10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.xSearch in Google Scholar

Karvonen, L. (2010). The personalisation of politics: a study of parliamentary democracies. Colchester, Ecpr Press.Search in Google Scholar

Katz, R.S., & Mair, P. (eds.) (1994). How parties organize: change and adaptation in party organizations in Western democracies. London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi, Sage.10.4135/9781446250570Search in Google Scholar

Kenig, O. [2008]. Democratization of Party Leadership Selection: Do Wider Selectorates Produce More Competitive Contests?. Electoral Studies, 28(2), pp. 240–247.10.1016/j.electstud.2008.11.001Search in Google Scholar

Kriesi, H. (2014). The populist challenge. West European Politics, 37(2), pp. 361–378.10.1080/01402382.2014.887879Search in Google Scholar

Kriesi, H., & Pappas, T.S. (eds.) (2015). European populism in the shadow of the great recession. Colchester, Ecpr Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S. & Frey, T. (2008). West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge, Cambridge U.P.10.1017/CBO9780511790720Search in Google Scholar

Lanzone, M.E., & Rombi, S. (2014). Who did participate in the online primary elections of the five star movement (M5S) in Italy? Causes, features and effects of the selection process. Partecipazione e conflitto, 7(1), pp. 170–191.Search in Google Scholar

McDonnell, D. & Vampa, D. (2016). The Italian Lega Nord, in R. Heinisch and O. Mazzoleni (eds.), Understanding Populist Party Organisation. The Radical Right in Western Europe. London, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 105–129.Search in Google Scholar

McDonnell, D. (2006). A weekend in Padania: regionalist populism and the Lega Nord. Politics, 26(2), pp. 126–132.10.1111/j.1467-9256.2006.00259.xSearch in Google Scholar

McDonnell, D. (2016). Populist leaders and coterie charisma. Political Studies, 64(3), pp. 719–733.10.1111/1467-9248.12195Search in Google Scholar

Mény, Y., & Surel, Y. (2001). Democracies and the populist challenge. London, Palgrave Macmillan.Search in Google Scholar

Moffitt, B., & Tormey, S. (2014). Rethinking populism: Politics, mediatisation and political style. Political Studies, 62(2), pp. 381–397.10.1111/1467-9248.12032Search in Google Scholar

Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), pp. 541–563.10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.xSearch in Google Scholar

Mudde, C., & Kaltwasser, C.R. (2017). Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford, Oxford University Press.10.1093/actrade/9780190234874.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Musella, F. (2015). Personal leaders and party change: Italy in comparative perspective. Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, 45(3), pp. 227–247.10.1017/ipo.2015.19Search in Google Scholar

Musella, F. (2018). Political leaders beyond party politics. London, Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-3-319-59348-7Search in Google Scholar

Musella, F., & Webb, P. (2015). The revolution of personal leaders. Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, 45(3), pp. 223–226.10.1017/ipo.2015.20Search in Google Scholar

Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural Backlash. Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781108595841.015Search in Google Scholar

Pasquino, G. [2014]. Italy: The Triumph of Personalist Parties. Politics & Policy, 42(4), pp. 548–566.10.1111/polp.12079Search in Google Scholar

Postill, J. [2018]. Populism and social media: a global perspective. Media, Culture & Society, 40(5), pp. 754–765.10.1177/0163443718772186Search in Google Scholar

Sandri, G., Seddone, A. & Venturino, F. [2014]. The Selection of Party Leaders in Italy, 1989–2012, in J.B. Pilet and W.P. Cross (eds.), The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies. A Comparative Study. London and New York, Routledge, pp. 93–107.Search in Google Scholar

Sandri, G., Seddone, A., and Bulli, G. (2015). Party membership in Italy. In: E. Van haute and A. Gauja (eds.) Party Membership and Activism. London: Routledge, pp. 117–133.Search in Google Scholar

Stanley, B. (2008). The thin ideology of populism. Journal of political ideologies, 13(1), pp. 95–110.10.1080/13569310701822289Search in Google Scholar

Taggart, P. (1995). New populist parties in Western Europe. West European Politics, 18(1), pp. 34–51.10.1080/01402389508425056Search in Google Scholar

Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham and Philadelphia, Open University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Taggart, P. (2004). Populism and representative politics in contemporary Europe. Journal of Political Ideologies, 9(3), pp. 269–288.10.1080/1356931042000263528Search in Google Scholar

Tarchi, M. (2002). Populism Italian Style, in Y. Mény & Y. Surel (eds.), Democracies and the populist challenge. London, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 120–138.10.1057/9781403920072_7Search in Google Scholar

Tarchi, M. (2015). Italy: The promised land of populism?. Contemporary Italian Politics, 7(3), pp. 273–285.10.1080/23248823.2015.1094224Search in Google Scholar

Vasilopoulou, S. (2011). European integration and the radical right: Three patterns of opposition. Government and opposition, 46(2), pp. 223–244.10.1111/j.1477-7053.2010.01337.xSearch in Google Scholar

Venturino, F. (2007). Le primarie nazionali dell’Unione: un’analisi della partecipazione con dati aggregati. Rivista italiana di scienza politica, 37(3), pp. 435–457.Search in Google Scholar

Venturino, F. (2015). Promoting internal democracy. An analysis of the statute of the Partito Democratico, in G. Sandri & A. Seddone (eds.), The primaries game. Primary elections and the Italian Democratic Party. Novi Ligure, Epoké, pp. 35–50.Search in Google Scholar

Venturino, F. (2017). Primarie e sindaci in Italia. Politica locale e democrazia intrapartitica in Italia, 2004–2015. Sant’Arcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli.Search in Google Scholar

Vercesi, M. (2015). Owner parties and party institutionalisation in Italy: is the Northern League exceptional?. Modern Italy, 20(4), 395–410.10.1017/S1353294400014848Search in Google Scholar