[Atwell, J. W., Cardoso, G. C., Whittaker, D. J., Campbell- Nelson, S., Robertson, K. W. & Ketterson, E. D. 2012. Boldness behavior and stress physiology in a novel urban environment suggest rapid correlated evolutionary adaptation. - Behavioral Ecology 23: 960-969. doi: 10.1093/beheco/ars05910.1093/beheco/ars059]Search in Google Scholar
[Axelrod, J. & Reisine, T. D. 1984. Stress hormones: Their interaction and regulation. - Science 224: 452-459. doi: 10.1126/science.614340310.1126/science.6143403]Search in Google Scholar
[Bell, A. M. 2005. Behavioural differences between individuals and two populations of stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). - Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18: 464-473. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00817.x 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00817.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Bell, A. M. 2007. Future directions in behavioural syndromes research. - Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274: 755-761. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.019910.1098/rspb.2006.0199]Search in Google Scholar
[Bell, A. M., Hankison, S. J. & Laskowski, K. L. 2009. The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis. - Animal Behaviour 77: 771-783. doi: 10.1016/j. anbehav.2008.12.022]Search in Google Scholar
[Bell, A. M., Henderson, L. & Huntingford, F. A. 2010. Behavioral and respiratory responses to stressors in multiple populations of Three-spined Sticklebacks that differ in predation pressure. - Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 180: 211-220. doi: 10.1007/s00360-009-0395-810.1007/s00360-009-0395-8]Search in Google Scholar
[Bókony, V., Seress, G., Nagy, S., Lendvai, A. Z. & Liker, A. 2012. Multiple indices of body condition reveal no negative effect of urbanization in adult house sparrows. - Landscape and Urban Planning 104: 75-84. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.10.00610.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.10.006]Search in Google Scholar
[Brodie, E. D. 1978. Biting and vocalization as antipredator mechanisms in terrestrial salamanders. - Copeia 1: 127-129.10.2307/1443832]Search in Google Scholar
[Buchanan, K. L. 2000. Stress and the evolution of condition-dependent signals. - Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15: 156-160. doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01812-110.1016/S0169-5347(99)01812-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Carere, C. & van Oers, K. 2004. Shy and bold Great Tits (Parus major): body temperature and breath rate in response to handling stress. - Physiology & Behavior 82: 905-912. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh. 2004.07.009]Search in Google Scholar
[Cohen, J. 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. - 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey ]Search in Google Scholar
[Conover, M. R. 1994. Stimuli eliciting distress calls in adult passerines and response of predators and birds to their broadcast. - Behaviour 131: 19-37. doi: 10.1163/156853994X0019010.1163/156853994X00190]Search in Google Scholar
[Coppens, C. M., de Boer, S. F. & Koolhaas, J. M. 2010. Coping styles and behavioural flexibility: towards underlying mechanisms. - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 365: 4021-4028. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.021710.1098/rstb.2010.0217299275021078654]Search in Google Scholar
[Deviche, P. J., Hurley, L. L., Fokidis, H. B., Lerbour, B., Silverin, B., Silverin, B., Sabo, J. & Sharp, P. J. 2010. Acute stress rapidly decreases plasma testosterone in a free-ranging male songbird: Potential site of action and mechanism. - General and Comparative Endocrinology 169: 82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.00910.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.009]Search in Google Scholar
[Eilam, D. 2005. Die hard: A blend of freezing and fleeing as a dynamic defense - implications for the control of defensive behavior. - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 29: 1181-1191. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.02710.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.027]Search in Google Scholar
[Fucikova, E., Drent, P. J., Smits, N. & van Oers, K. 2009. Handling stress as a measurement of personality in Great Tit nestlings (Parus major). - Ethology 115: 366-374. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01618.x 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01618.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Högstedt, G. 1983. Adaptation unto death: function of fear screams. - American Naturalist 121: 562-570. doi: 10.1086/284083 10.1086/284083]Search in Google Scholar
[Koolhaas, J. M., De Boer, S. F., Coppens, C. M. & Buwalda, B. 2010. Neuroendocrinology of coping styles: Towards understanding the biology of individual variation. - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 31: 307-321. doi: 10.1016/j. yfrne.2010.04.001]Search in Google Scholar
[Koolhaas, J. M., Korte, S. M., De Boer, S. F., Van Der Vegt, B. J., Van Reenen, C. G., Hopster, H., De Jong, I. C., Ruis, M. A. W. & Blokhuis, H. J. 1999. Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology. - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 23: 925-935. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(99)00026-310.1016/S0149-7634(99)00026-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Laiolo, P., Banda, E., Lemus, J. A., Aguirre, J. I. & Blanco, G. 2009. Behaviour and stress response during capture and handling of the Redbilled Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Aves: Corvidae). - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96: 846-855. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01174.x 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01174.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Laiolo, P., Tella, J. L., Carrete, M., Serrano, D. & Lopez, G. 2004. Distress calls may honestly signal bird quality to predators. - Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 271: S513- S515. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2004.023910.1098/rsbl.2004.0239181009515801619]Search in Google Scholar
[Lambrechts, M. M., Adriaensen, F., Ardia, D. R., Artemyev, A. V., Atiénzar, F., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Bouvier, J. C., Camprodon, J., Cooper, C. B., Dawson, R. D., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Faivre, B., Garamszegi, L. Zs., Goodenough, A. E., Gosler, A. G., Grégoire, A., Griffith, S. C., Gustafsson, L., Johnson, L. S., Kania, W., Keišs, O., Llambias, P. E., Mainwaring, M. C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Mazgajski, T. D., Møller, A. P., Moreno, J., Naef-Daenzer, B., Nilsson, J. A., Norte, A. C., Orell, M., Otter, K. A., Park, C. R., Perrins, C. M., Pinowski, J., Porkert, J., Potti, J., Remes, V., Richner, H., Rytkönen, S., Shiao, M. T., Silverin, B., Slagsvold, T., Smith, H. G., Sorace, A., Stenning, M. J., Stewart, I., Thompson, C. F., Tryjanowski, P., Török, J., van Noordwijk, A. J., Winkler, D. W. & Ziane, N. 2010. The design of artificial nestboxes for the study of secondary hole-nesting birds: a review of methodological inconsistencies and potential biases. - Acta Ornithologica 45: 1-26. doi: 10.3161/000164510X51604710.3161/000164510X516047]Search in Google Scholar
[Liker, A. & Bókony, V. 2009. Larger groups are more successful in innovative problem solving in House Sparrows. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 7893-7898. doi: 10.1073/pnas.090004210610.1073/pnas.0900042106268307019416834]Search in Google Scholar
[Møller, A. P. 2008. Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life. - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 63: 63-75. doi: 10.1007/s00265-008-0636-y 10.1007/s00265-008-0636-y]Search in Google Scholar
[Nakagawa, S. & Schielzeth, H. 2010. Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists. - Biological Reviews 85: 935-956. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00141.x10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00141.x20569253]Search in Google Scholar
[ Peig, J. & Green, A. J. 2009. New perspectives for estimating body condition from mass/length data: the scaled mass index as an alternative method. - Oikos 118: 1883-1891. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17643.x 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17643.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Peig, J. & Green, A. J. 2010. The paradigm of body condition: a critical reappraisal of current methods based on mass and length. - Functional Ecology 24: 1323-1332. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01751.x 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01751.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Perrone, M. 1980. Factors affecting the incidence of distress calls in passerines. - Wilson Bulletin 92: 404-408. ]Search in Google Scholar
[R Development Core Team. 2012. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. - Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing ]Search in Google Scholar
[Réale, D., Garant, D., Humphries, M. M., Bergeron, P., Careau, V. & Montiglio, P. O. 2010. Personality and the emergence of the pace-of-life syndrome concept at the population level. - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 365: 4051-4063. doi: 10.1098/ rstb.2010.020810.1098/rstb.2010.0208299274721078657]Search in Google Scholar
[Romero, L. M. 2004. Physiological stress in ecology: lessons from biomedical research. - Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19: 249-255. doi: 10.1016/j. tree.2004.03.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Sih, A., Cote, J., Evans, M., Fogarty, S. & Pruitt, J. 2012. Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes. - Ecology Letters 15: 278-289. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01731.x 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01731.x22239107]Search in Google Scholar
[Sih, A., Kats, L. B. & Maurer, E. F. 2003. Behavioural correlations across situations and the evolution of antipredator behaviour in a sunfish-salamander system. - Animal Behaviour 65: 29-44. doi: 10.1006/anbe.2002.202510.1006/anbe.2002.2025]Search in Google Scholar
[Svensson, L. 2002. Identification guide to European passerines. - Svensson, Stockholm ]Search in Google Scholar
[Torné-Noguera, A., Pagani-Núñez, E. & Señar, J. C. in press. Great Tit (Parus major) breath rate in response to handling stress: urban and forest birds differ. - Journal of Ornithology doi: 10.1007/ s10336-013-1025-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Woodland, D. J., Jaafar, Z. & Knight, M. L. 1980. The pursuit deterrent function of alarm signals. - American Naturalist 115: 748-753. doi: 10.1086/283596 10.1086/283596]Search in Google Scholar