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First record of the abyssal bivalve Halicardia flexuosa (Bivalvia: Verticordiidae) in the Bay of Biscay

Andrés Arias
Andrés Arias
, 
Irene Fernández-Rodríguez
Irene Fernández-Rodríguez
 e 
Nuria Anadón
Nuria Anadón
   | 10 dic 2019
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Article Category: Short communication
Pubblicato online: 10 dic 2019
Pagine: 430 - 435
Ricevuto: 08 apr 2019
Accettato: 20 mag 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0037
© 2019 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Halicardia flexuosa. A: external view of the left valve; B: internal view of the left valve; C: external view of the right valve; D: internal view of the right valve; E: anterior view; F: posterior view; G: external view of the right valve with the attached brachiopod Hispanirhynchia cornea. All scale bars: 1 cm
Halicardia flexuosa. A: external view of the left valve; B: internal view of the left valve; C: external view of the right valve; D: internal view of the right valve; E: anterior view; F: posterior view; G: external view of the right valve with the attached brachiopod Hispanirhynchia cornea. All scale bars: 1 cm

Figure 2

Holotype of Mytilimeria flexuosa Verrill & S. Smith, 1881 (= Halicardia flexuosa (Verrill & S. Smith [in Verrill], 1881)). A: external view of the left valve; B: internal view of the left valve; C: external view of the right valve; D: internal view of the right valve. Scale bar: 1 cm. Adapted from the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History
Holotype of Mytilimeria flexuosa Verrill & S. Smith, 1881 (= Halicardia flexuosa (Verrill & S. Smith [in Verrill], 1881)). A: external view of the left valve; B: internal view of the left valve; C: external view of the right valve; D: internal view of the right valve. Scale bar: 1 cm. Adapted from the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History

Figure 3

Global distribution map of Halicardia flexuosa. Square: locality from the present study; circles: localities from bibliography data. Date of the first record of the species for each locality is included
Global distribution map of Halicardia flexuosa. Square: locality from the present study; circles: localities from bibliography data. Date of the first record of the species for each locality is included

Updated summary of the worldwide records of Halicardia flexuosa

Locality Coordinates Year Ocean Cruise Sampling method Depth (m) Substrate N⍛ Ind. Reference
Martha’s Vineyard (Massachusetts) n/a 1881 NW Atlantic U.S. Fish Commission rake-dredge 570 sand/mud 2 valves Verrill 1881
Cabo (Sahara) Blanco n/a 1883 NE Atlantic Talisman n/a 1495–2300 n/a 3 fresh specimens + 1 valve Locard 1898
Gulf of Maine n/a 1885 NW Atlantic Albatross/U.S. Fish Commission n/a 1238 brown sand 1 dead specimen Dall 1895
West coast of Scotland 57°41ʹN; 11°48ʹW 1910 NE Atlantic Michael Sars’ North Atlantic n/a 1853 n/a n/a Grieg 1920
New Scotland 42°40ʹN; 62°49ʹ30ʹʹW 1913 NW Atlantic Prince de Monaco trawling 1458 n/a 2 valves Dautzenberg 1927
Namibia 23°00ʹS; 12°45ʹE ?1968 SE Atlantic Atlanti s II n/a 1007–1014 n/a 1 ?dead specimen Allen & Turner 1974
Cape St. Vincent (South Iberian Peninsula) 36°45ʹN; 9°32ʹW 1984 NE Atlantic Balgim Expedition n/a 1592 ooze? 1 ?fresh specimen Salas 1996
Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone 52°58ʹN; 34°52ʹW 2004 Mid Atlantic G.O. Sars MAR-ECO cruise trawling 1650 n/a 1 ?fresh specimen Gebruk et al. 2010
Galician Bank (NW Spain) n/a 2010–2011 NE Atlantic INDEMARES Bou de Vara/GOC 1720 soft n/a IEO* 2014
Avilés Canyon System (central Cantabrian Sea) 43°58.01ʹN; 6°30.95ʹW 2013 NE Atlantic BIOCANT cruise Agassiz dredge 1200 sand 1 fresh specimen + 3 valves Present paper
SW Iceland 63°05.67ʹN; 26°52.12ʹW and 63°08.67ʹN; 26°52.92ʹW 2015 NE Atlantic R/V Árni Fridricksson trawling 1281–1300 clay 2 fresh specimens + some loose valves Delongueville et al. 2016
Rhode Island (Massachusetts) 41°13ʹN; 66°19.83ʹW n/a NW Atlantic n/a n/a 137–1210 n/a 1 valve Dall 1889
Cape Point (South Africa) n/a n/a SE Atlantic Pieter Faure n/a 840–1188 n/a some valves Soot-Ryen 1966
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