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Effects of seasonal changes and environmental factors on bioindicator bacteria levels in Çardak Lagoon, Çanakkale Strait, Turkey

İbrahim Ender Künili
İbrahim Ender Künili
 e 
A. Suat Ateş
A. Suat Ateş
   | 02 set 2021
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 02 set 2021
Pagine: 299 - 309
Ricevuto: 20 gen 2021
Accettato: 26 mar 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0025
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© 2021 İbrahim Ender Künili et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Study area
Study area

Figure 2

Summary graphs of bioindicator bacteria levels with their national and international threshold levels by season and location
Summary graphs of bioindicator bacteria levels with their national and international threshold levels by season and location

Figure 3

(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2018 autumn season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2018 autumn season
(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2018 autumn season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2018 autumn season

Figure 4

(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2019 winter season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2019 winter season
(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2019 winter season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2019 winter season

Figure 5

(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2019 spring season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2019 spring season
(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2019 spring season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2019 spring season

Figure 6

(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2019 summer season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2019 summer season
(A) Changes in total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and fecal streptococci (FS) levels as a function of physicochemical parameters at different sampling locations in the 2019 summer season. (B) Pearson correlations of environmental parameters with bioindicator bacteria levels for the 2019 summer season

Coordinates and maximum depths of the sampling locations

Sites Coordinates Max depth (cm)
1 40°22′906″N 26°43′103″E 150
2 40°23′053″N 26°43′264″E 100
3 40°23′203″N 26°43′491″E 150
4 40°23′345″N 26°43′399″E 100
5 40°23′278″N 26°42′988″E 180
6 40°23′236″N 26°42′800″E 150
7 (reference) 40°22′931″N 26°42′768″E 100

Summary of environmental data by season

Temp. Sal. pH O2* COD* ORP PO4-P* TP* NO2+N3* NH4* TN* SiO2*
Oct. 18 Min. 13.25 20.74 7.85 6.40 < 40.00 70.30 < 0.01 0.015 0.014 < 0.01 0.20 0.03
Max 16.89 20.81 8.35 9.51 277.00 91.00 < 0.01 0.195 0.195 < 0.01 0.99 0.55
Mean 14.77 20.78 8.14 8.08 197.83 80.41 < 0.01 0.019 0.129 < 0.01 0.61 0.34
SD 1.15 0.02 0.17 1.13 84.92 7.78 n.a. 0.004 0.061 n.a. 0.32 0.19
Feb. 19 Min. 7.57 22.74 7.78 6.33 125.00 −87.60 < 0.01 0.016 0.060 < 0.01 0.10 0.25
Max 8.72 23.47 8.27 8.95 296.00 −74.50 < 0.01 0.025 0.120 < 0.01 0.40 0.60
Mean 7.99 24.40 8.16 7.46 178.86 −83.37 < 0.01 0.018 0.086 < 0.01 0.23 0.39
SD 0.44 0.62 0.17 0.91 59.18 4.34 n.a. 0.004 0.024 n.a. 0.11 0.14
Apr. 19 Min. 13.7 22.14 8.04 5.90 < 40.00 −99.80 < 0.01 0.020 0.025 < 0.01 0.20 0.05
Max 17.3 22.78 8.45 8.20 95.00 −78.70 0.030 0.070 0.085 < 0.01 0.60 0.25
Mean 15.5 22.54 8.31 6.48 80.75 −92.24 0.025 0.040 0.059 < 0.01 0.44 0.17
SD 1.44 0.22 0.14 0.82 28.54 7.51 0.006 0.021 0.021 n.a. 0.18 0.06
June 19 Min. 24.07 20.17 8.12 7.21 < 40.00 −111.0 < 0.01 0.040 0.015 < 0.01 0.15 0.17
Max 27.34 22.17 8.56 8.47 106.00 −88.00 0.030 0.170 0.045 < 0.01 0.33 1.50
Mean 25.67 21.04 8.30 7.84 74.00 −100.61 0.023 0.097 0.029 < 0.01 0.21 0.83
SD 1.13 0.75 0.15 0.45 24.52 8.54 0.005 0.059 0.010 n.a. 0.06 0.63
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