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Determination of heavy metals in some tissues of four fish species from the Karasu River (Erzincan, Turkey) for public consumption

Özge Zencir Tanır

Özge Zencir Tanır

Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Kemah Vocational SchoolErzincan, Turkey
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Tanır, Özge Zencir
  
05 giu 2021
Determination of heavy metals in some tissues of four fish species from the Karasu River (Erzincan, Turkey) for public consumption's Cover Image
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Categoria dell'articolo: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 05 giu 2021
Pagine: 232 - 246
Ricevuto: 20 ott 2020
Accettato: 01 dic 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0020
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© 2021 Özge Zencir Tanır, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Location of the Karasu River and the sampling sites
Location of the Karasu River and the sampling sites

Figure 2

Comparison of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in muscle of four freshwater fish species from the Karasu River, Erzincan
Comparison of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in muscle of four freshwater fish species from the Karasu River, Erzincan

Figure 3

Comparison of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in liver of four freshwater fish species from the Karasu River, Erzincan
Comparison of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in liver of four freshwater fish species from the Karasu River, Erzincan

Figure 4

Comparison of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in gills of four freshwater fish species from the Karasu River, Erzincan
Comparison of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in gills of four freshwater fish species from the Karasu River, Erzincan

Pearson correlation coefficient (R) and levels of significance (p) for the relationships between heavy metal concentrations in tissues of four fish species caught in the Karasu River and fish size (length and weight)

Tissue Fishes Al Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Cd Pb
A. marmid
Muscle Length R value 0.634 0.748 0.608 0.613 0.702 0.648 0.717 0.840 0.950 0.786
p value aNS NS NS NS NS NS NS b* c** *
Weight R value 0.798 0.893 0.774 0.783 0.857 0.803 0.848 0.933 0.968 0.915
p value * ** * * * * * ** ** **
Liver Length R value 0.777 0.905 0.964 0.879 0.980 0.989 0.778 0.883 0.992 0.988
p value * ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** **
Weight R value 0.899 0.984 0.964 0.971 0.912 0.947 0.916 0.957 0.965 0.975
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Gill Length R value 0.795 0.813 0.965 0.713 0.990 0.935 0.989 0.899 0.975 0.750
p value * * ** NS ** ** ** ** ** NS
Weight R value 0.922 0.940 0.937 0.859 0.943 0.980 0.963 0.827 0.974 0.877
p value ** ** ** * ** ** ** * ** **
C. umbla
Muscle Length R value 0.974 0.990 0.873 0.958 0.931 0.897 0.972 0.981 0.968 0.969
p value ** ** * ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Weight R value 0.946 0.967 0.939 0.981 0.986 0.938 0.990 0.965 0.932 0.932
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Liver Length R value 0.792 0.925 0.814 0.826 0.940 0.972 0.855 0.935 0.830 0.851
p value * ** * * ** ** * ** * *
Weight R value 0.908 0.954 0.917 0.928 0.962 00.991 0.936 0.883 0.918 0.899
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Gill Length R value 0.827 0.836 0.975 0.882 0.982 0.937 0.969 0.941 0.970 0.967
p value * * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Weight R value 0.930 00.939 0.895 0.967 0.976 0.994 0.921 0.991 0.960 0.971
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
C. trutta
Muscle Length R value 0.849 0.949 0.904 0.875 0.994 0.919 0.716 0.951 0.957 0.991
p value * ** ** ** ** ** NS ** ** **
Weight R value 0.932 0.949 0.933 0.927 0.961 0.928 0.833 0.952 0.969 0.967
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** **
Liver Length R value 0.777 0.568 0.903 0.683 0.880 0.928 0.571 0.989 0.717 0.756
p value * NS ** NS ** ** NS ** NS *
Weight R value 0.880 0.702 0.949 0.805 0.944 0.965 0.711 0.957 0.838 0.864
p value ** NS ** * ** ** NS ** * *
Gill Length R value 0.875 0.810 0.885 0.832 0.850 0.848 0.829 0.868 0.889 0.824
p value ** * ** * * * * * ** *
Weight R value 0.948 0.913 0.940 0.928 0.940 0.922 0.915 0.937 0.942 0.848
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** *
C. regium
Muscle Length R value 0.826 0.774 0.954 0.991 0.973 0.979 0.949 0.909 0.961 0.990
p value * * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Weight R value 0.867 0.821 0.973 0.986 0.961 0.978 0.980 0.935 0.932 0.969
p value * * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Liver Length R value 0.817 0.802 0.799 0.923 0.850 0.900 0.868 0.937 0.878 0.856
p value * * * ** * ** * ** ** *
Weight R value 0.868 0.858 0.856 0.930 0.902 0.936 0.905 0.958 0.931 0.895
p value * * * ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Gill Length R value 0.963 0.974 0.985 0.984 0.983 0.954 0.932 0.758 0.950 0.857
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** *
Weight R value 0.976 0.977 0.964 0.985 0.970 0.963 0.860 0.806 0.955 0.899
p value ** ** ** ** ** ** * * ** **

Size ranges and relationships between weight (W) and total length (TL) of the sampled fish caught in the Karasu River

Fish n TL ranges W ranges aEquation R value
A.marmid 35 11–20.9 20.0–82.0 y = 0.0312 x2.5535 0.9115
C. umbla 63 14.4–42.1 27.0–539.0 y = 0.0272 x2.6627 0.9476
C. trutta 28 11–34.2 12.0–344.0 y = 0.0076 x3.0490 0.9764
C. regium 49 11–24.2 10.0–99.0 y = 0.0439 x2.4025 0.8893

Heavy metal concentrations (mg kg−1) in muscle tissues of four fish species from the Karasu River and Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MACs) according to international standards

Heavy Metals Concentrations of heavy metals (mg kg−1) in different species Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MACs)
A. marmid C. umbla C. trutta C. regium TFCa 2002 FAOb 1983 WHOc 1985–1996 FAO/WHO 1989 ECd 2006
Al 129.99 130.63 108.58 95.12
Cr 3.08 2.18 2.15 2.84 – 0.15 0.5/1 –
Mn 5.65 6.13 3.88 6.98 20 0.5–1 2.5 –
Fe 150.92 86.05 55.96 62.02 50 100
Co 0.74 0.54 0.53 0.51 1
Ni 3.89 3.10 3.06 3.14 – 0.6 0.4 40
Cu 2.54 4.30 1.90 2.87 20 30 30 30
Zn 51.48 36.39 32.01 45.77 50 30–150 100 40
Cd 0.54 0.54 0.52 0.54 0.1 0.5 1 0.5 0.05
Pb 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.52 0.1 0.5 2.00 0.5 0.2–0.5

Concentrations of heavy metals (mean, standart deviation, minimum and maximum values; mg kg−1) in different tissues of four fish species from the Karasu River

Heavy Metals Tissue A. marmid C. umbla C. trutta C. regium
Al Muscle 129.99 ± 1.12 (52.65–487.52) 130.63 ± 1.35 (80.33–177.15) 108.58 ± 1.35 (44.05–227.77) 95.12 ± 1.34 (56.49–201.15)
Liver 156.77 ±1.98 (132.26–218.16) 184.12 ± 1.52 (73.59–542.38) 285.92 ± 1.15 (45.34–881.38) 597.37 ± 1.17 (79.79–2051.97)
Gill 447.52 ± 1.36 (143.50–1324.99) 284.98 ± 1.00 (102.14–834.00) 1809.94 ± 1.05 (117.61–4495.28) 1450.17 ± 1.06 (322.96–2601.41)
Cr Muscle 3.08 ± 1.64 (1.43–8.47) 2.18 ± 1.22 (1.63–2.85) 2.15 ± 1.14 (1.36–2.79) 2.84 ± 1.01 (1.41–7.25)
Liver 4.41 ± 1.19 (3.09–6.83) 3.47 ± 1.49 (2.17–5.24) 11.04 ± 0.79 (1.74–55.28) 18.13 ± 1.27 (2.04–67.34)
Gill 7.49 ± 1.05 (2.80–20.44) 4.45 ± 0.99 (2.01–11.43) 15.49 ± 0.99 (2.27–44.86) 11.15 ± 0.73 (3.74–20.76)
Mn Muscle 5.65 ± 1.30 (1.74–24.83) 6.13 ± 1.22 (2.88–12.58) 3.88 ± 0.71 (1.98–6.30) 6.98 ± 0.82 (3.43–11.18)
Liver 10.65 ± 1.24 (8.68–13.01) 20.11 ± 1.02 (8.54–48.48) 32.21 ± 0.97 (4.49–70.01) 26.34 ± 1.01 (7.67–85.28)
Gill 24.22 ± 0.94 (3.68–40.86) 53.64 ± 0.98 (25.63–74.13) 73.17 ± 1.41 (30.66–129.29) 85.21 ± 1.22 (29.13–142.59)
Fe Muscle 150.92 ± 1.38 (21.12–800.40) 86.05 ± 0.93 (25.58–168.14) 55.96 ± 0.94 (16.88–117.90) 62.02 ± 0.84 (34.44–89.42)
Liver 887.05 ± 1.12 (330.71–1890.51) 1395.39 ± 0.72 (364.09–4376.27) 2299.52 ± 0.85 (265.97–9314.15) 1445.84 ± 0.82 (235.29–3232.52)
Gill 620.34 ± 089 (93.23–2413.61) 315.25 ± 1.11 (165.85–681.08) 1360.95 ± 0.83 (152.01–3872.51) 1045.53 ± 0.97 (315.18–1778.37)
Co Muscle 0.74 ±1.07 (0.49–1.66) 0.54 ± 0.50 (0.41–0.81) 0.53 ± 0.85 (0.40–0.61) 0.51 ± 0.93 (0.37–0.67)
Liver 1.52 ± 0.99 (0.86–2.02) 1.47 ± 0.85 (0.73–2.58) 2.34 ± 0.89 (0.84–4.74) 1.44 ± 0.85 (0.94–2.61)
Gill 1.44 ± 0.77 (0.55–2.10) 1.30 ± 1.07 (0.71–1.99) 2.59 ± 0.95 (1.02–5.59) 2.17 ± 1.14 (0.92–3.19)
Ni Muscle 3.89 ± 1.60 (1.93–12.09) 3.10 ± 1.49 (2.66–3.79) 3.06 ± 1.61 (1.69–4.56) 3.14 ± 1.41 (1.85–4.38)
Liver 6.53 ± 1.59 (3.96–8.45) 8.40 ± 1.19 (5.15–13.47) 13.68 ± 1.42 (2.21–27.97) 11.77 ± 1.47 (3.85–26.02)
Gill 8.10 ± 1.14 (3.95–14.63) 7.06 ± 1.31 (3.17–14.50) 26.72 ± 0.87 (3.00–72.04) 20.71 ± 0.83 (6.21–40.15)
Cu Muscle 2.54 ± 1.27 (0.91–6.99) 4.30 ± 0.80 (1.26–8.81) 1.90 ± 1.05 (1.06–4.32) 2.87 ± 1.38 (0.90–5.93)
Liver 31.49 ± 0.93 (12.40–86.87) 108.35 ± 0.67 (23.73–271.28) 63.74 ± 0.87 (6.18–358.00) 103.28 ± 1.04 (5.95–338.15)
Gill 3.29 ± 1.15 (2.42–4.13) 5.93 ± 0.94 (2.74–8.39) 4.57 ± 0.79 (2.72–8.04) 4.93 ± 1.01 (3.23–5.70)
Zn Muscle 51.48 ± 0.71 (27.25–107.99) 36.39 ± 0.66 (18.85–58.36) 32.01 ± 0.79 (24.48–37.86) 45.77 ± 0.39 (24.97–87.29)
Liver 131.43 ± 0.86 (94.35–190.74) 111.10 ± 1.58 (70.04–137.79) 118.28 ± 1.02 (62.41–158.26) 120.96 ± 0.94 (70.67–204.07)
Gill 98.27 ± 0.77 (57.28–120.97) 135.66 ± 0.79 (86.82–219.12) 76.12 ± 0.83 (59.02–107.28) 117.16 ± 0.73 (88.43–218.23)
Cd Muscle 0.54 ± 0.39 (0.47–0.62) 0.54 ±0.22 (0.40–0.65) 0.52 ± 0.31 (0.39–0.64) 0.54 ± 0.23 (0.37–0.70)
Liver 1.29 ± 0.74 (0.64–1.85) 0.75 ± 0.79 (0.53–1.19) 0.90 ± 0.72 (0.73–1.41) 0.97 ± 0.75 (0.68–1.50)
Gill 0.57 ± 0.30 (0.46–0.69) 0.54 ± 0.30 (0.45–0.64) 0.55 ± 0.38 (0.46–0.67) 0.58 ± 0.52 (0.51–0.67)
Pb Muscle 0.57 ± 0.35 (0.46–0.84) 0.53 ± 0.32 (0.40–0.64) 0.51 ± 0.45 (0.38–0.60) 0.52 ± 0.44 (0.35–0.66)
Liver 1.06 ± 0.41 (0.47–1.62) 0.75 ± 0.60 (0.57–1.05) 1.08 ± 0.70 (0.51–2.47) 0.96 ± 0.44 (0.62–1.79)
Gill 1.79 ± 0.70 (0.50–5.29) 1.19 ± 0.80 (0.61–1.94) 1.19 ± 0.78 (0.88–1.59) 1.77 ± 0.83 (0.80–3.98)
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