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Distribution of Didymosphenia, Gomphonema and Gomphosphenia diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in Turkish inland waters

Cüneyt Nadir Solak
Cüneyt Nadir Solak
, 
Agata Z. Wojtal
Agata Z. Wojtal
, 
Mateusz Rybak
Mateusz Rybak
 e 
Elif Yılmaz
Elif Yılmaz
   | 05 giu 2021
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 05 giu 2021
Pagine: 198 - 219
Ricevuto: 10 giu 2020
Accettato: 15 dic 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0018
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© 2021 Cüneyt Nadir Solak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Map of the study area. Sites codes (T1–T125) for each river basin are listed in Table 1.
Map of the study area. Sites codes (T1–T125) for each river basin are listed in Table 1.

Plate 1

2, 3 – Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M.Schmidt. Scale bar: 10 µm
2, 3 – Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M.Schmidt. Scale bar: 10 µm

Plate 2

4 – Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg; 5, 6 – G. cf. aequale W. Gregory; 7 – G. affine Kützing; 8, 9 – G. affine var. rhombicum E. Reichardt; 10, 11 – G. angustatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst; 12, 13 – G. angusticephalum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot; 14, 15 – G. angustius E. Reichardt; 16, 17 – G. augur Ehrenberg; 18 – G. brebissonii Kützing; 19, 20 – G. calcifugum Lange-Bertalot & E. Reichardt; 21 – G. capitatum Ehrenberg; 22 – Gomphonema cf. clavatulum E. Reichardt; 23, 24 – G. elegantissimum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot. Scale bar: 10 µm
4 – Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg; 5, 6 – G. cf. aequale W. Gregory; 7 – G. affine Kützing; 8, 9 – G. affine var. rhombicum E. Reichardt; 10, 11 – G. angustatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst; 12, 13 – G. angusticephalum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot; 14, 15 – G. angustius E. Reichardt; 16, 17 – G. augur Ehrenberg; 18 – G. brebissonii Kützing; 19, 20 – G. calcifugum Lange-Bertalot & E. Reichardt; 21 – G. capitatum Ehrenberg; 22 – Gomphonema cf. clavatulum E. Reichardt; 23, 24 – G. elegantissimum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot. Scale bar: 10 µm

Plate 3

25, 26 – Gomphonema exilissimum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & E.Reichardt; 27–29 – Gomphonema cf. gracile Ehrenberg; 30 – G. graciledictum E.Reichardt; 31 – G. italicum var. densistriatum Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 32, 33 – G. cf. latelanceolatum Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 34–36 – G. lateripunctatum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot; 37, 38 – G. linearoides Levkov; 39 – G. megalobrebissonii D.A.Chudaev, Kociolek & M.A.Golobova; 40, 41 – G. micropus Kützing; 42, 43 – G. minusculum Cleve-Euler; 44, 45 – G. minutum (C.Agardh) C.Agardh; 46, 47 – G. minutum f. syriacum Lange-Bertalot & E. Reichardt; 48 – G. olivaceoides Hustedt; 49 – G. olivaceum (Hornemann) Brébisson; 50, 51 – G. parvulum (Kützing) Kützing; 52, 53 – G. productum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & E. Reichardt; 54 – G. cf. pseudaffine Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 55 – G. pseudoaugur Lange-Bertalot; 56 – G. reediae Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 57, 58 – G. sarcophagus W. Gregory. Scale bar: 10 µm
25, 26 – Gomphonema exilissimum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & E.Reichardt; 27–29 – Gomphonema cf. gracile Ehrenberg; 30 – G. graciledictum E.Reichardt; 31 – G. italicum var. densistriatum Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 32, 33 – G. cf. latelanceolatum Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 34–36 – G. lateripunctatum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot; 37, 38 – G. linearoides Levkov; 39 – G. megalobrebissonii D.A.Chudaev, Kociolek & M.A.Golobova; 40, 41 – G. micropus Kützing; 42, 43 – G. minusculum Cleve-Euler; 44, 45 – G. minutum (C.Agardh) C.Agardh; 46, 47 – G. minutum f. syriacum Lange-Bertalot & E. Reichardt; 48 – G. olivaceoides Hustedt; 49 – G. olivaceum (Hornemann) Brébisson; 50, 51 – G. parvulum (Kützing) Kützing; 52, 53 – G. productum (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot & E. Reichardt; 54 – G. cf. pseudaffine Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 55 – G. pseudoaugur Lange-Bertalot; 56 – G. reediae Levkov, Mitic-Kopanja & E. Reichardt; 57, 58 – G. sarcophagus W. Gregory. Scale bar: 10 µm

Plate 4

59, 60 – G. cf subangustatum Lange-Bertalot, Cavacini, Tagliaventi & Alfinito; 61 – G. subcapitatum (Grunow) E. Reichardt & Levkov; 62, 63 – G. subclavatum (Grunow) Grunow; 64, 65 – G. vibrio Ehrenberg; 66 – Gomphonema sp. 1; 67 – Gomphonema sp. 2; 68, 69 – Gomphonema sp. 3; 70, 71 – Gomphonema sp. 4; 72 – Gomphosphenia holmquistii (Foged) Lange-Bertalot. Scale bar: 10 µm
59, 60 – G. cf subangustatum Lange-Bertalot, Cavacini, Tagliaventi & Alfinito; 61 – G. subcapitatum (Grunow) E. Reichardt & Levkov; 62, 63 – G. subclavatum (Grunow) Grunow; 64, 65 – G. vibrio Ehrenberg; 66 – Gomphonema sp. 1; 67 – Gomphonema sp. 2; 68, 69 – Gomphonema sp. 3; 70, 71 – Gomphonema sp. 4; 72 – Gomphosphenia holmquistii (Foged) Lange-Bertalot. Scale bar: 10 µm

Distribution of the species in Turkey according to Maraşlıoğlu & Gönülol (2019) and the current study.

Species Turkey (Maraşlıoğlu & Gönülol 2019) Our results River basin
Didymosphenia geminata C R EBL (T117, T118)
Gomphonema acuminatum C R KNY (T86); YŞL (T116)
G. cf. aequale R KNY (T86); ET (T120)
G. affine C R MrEr (T3, T4); KZL (T101)
G. affine var. rhombicum* R SSR (T17)
G. angustatum C R KNY (T86, T87)
G. angusticephalum* R SSR (T14); KZL (T99)
G. angustius R R SSR (T50, T56, T60)
G. augur C R MeEr (T7); SSR (T43); SKR (T77); YŞL (T107)
G. brebissonii R R KNY (T86)
G. calcifugum* C SSR (T34, T41, T44, T45, T49, T54)
G. capitatum R R KNY (T91)
G. cf. clavatulum R KZL (T99)
G. elegantissimum* R AKR (T73); KNY (T86)
G. exilissimum* C MrEr (T6); SSR (T37, T47, T57); SKR (T82); KNY (T94); YŞL (T115); ET (T123)
G. cf. gracile R KZL (T99); ET (T118)
G. graciledictum* R SSR (T17); GDZ (T62)
G. insignaffine R R GDZ (T60)
G. insigne F R SSR (T53); SKR (T81)
G. italicum R C SSR (T14, T24, T30, T40, T38); GDZ (T62, T65); SKR (T77, T80); KNY (T87); KZL (T99); YŞL (T108; T110)
G. italicum var. densistriatum* R ET (T125)
G. cf. latelanceolatum R MeEr (T8); KE (T59)
G. lateripunctatum R R GDZ (T68); KNY (T85, T93); KZL (T112)
G. laticollum R R GDZ (T61); AKR (T74); SKR (T77)
G. linearoides* R YŞL (T106)
G. megalobrebissonii* R KNY (T95)
G. micropus F C MrEr (T7); SSR (T34); GDZ (T66); KNY (T92); YŞL (T115)
G. minusculum* R SSR (T37, T53); SKR (T79, T80)
G. minutum F C MrEr (T4); SSR (T18, T25, T26, T29, T30, T31, T33, T36, T38, T39, T40); YŞL (T103, T105)
G. minutum f. syriacum* R SSR (T19, T22, T23, T42)
G. olivaceoides F R SSR (T21)
G. olivaceum C R MrEr (T9); SSR (T15); GDZ (T69); KNY (T87); ET (T121)
G. parvulum C C MrEr (T6); SKR (T82); KNY (T84); YŞL (T103, T111); ET (124)
G. productum F R SSR (T51)
G. cf. pseudaffine R KNY (T87); EBL (T118)
G. pseudoaugur R R SSR (T14)
G. pumilum F C MrEr (T10); MR (T12, T13); SSR (T19, T21, T23, T27, T28, T29, T32, T34, T35, T41, T42, T46, T54, T55, T56); ANT (T70); SKR (T76, T77, T78, T81); KNY (T86, T87, T90); KZL (T99, T101); YŞL (T103, T107); ET (T122, T124)
G. pumilum var. rigidum R R SSR (T54)
G. reediae* R GDZ (T61); KNY (T93)
G. sarcophagus* R MR (T11); KNY (T86, T91)
G. stonei R R SSR (T48)
G. cf. subangustatum R KNY (T86)
G. subcapitatum* R SKR (T83); EBL (T117)
G. subclavatum F R EBL (T118, T119)
G. supertergestinum R R MeEr (T6); SSR (T28, T46, T54); SKR (T77); YŞL (T114)
G. tergestinum F C SSR (T52); KZL (T96, T97, T98); YŞL (T103, T108, T114, T115); ET (T121)
G. vibrio F R SSR (T51)
Gomphonema sp. 1 R KZL (T99)
Gomphonema sp. 2 R KZL (101)
Gomphonema sp. 3 R YŞL (T113)
Gomphonema sp. 4 R SSR (T17, T33, T54); SKR (T77)
Gomphosphenia holmquistii* R SSR (T54); KZL (T102)

Sampling sites with the habitats (EPL: Epilithic, EPP: Epipelic, EPF: Epiphytic)

Site River Basin Abbreviation Water body name – Substrate Province
T1 1_Meriç-Ergene MrEr Süloğlu Reservoir – EPP Edirne
T2 Meriç River – Edirne Centrum – EPL
T3 Meriç River – Küplü Köyü District – EPL
T4 Kuleli Stream – EPL
T5 Ergene River – Çiftlikköy District – EPL
T6 Keşiflik Stream – EPL Kırklareli
T7 Kaynarlı Stream – EPL
T8 Ergene River – EPL Tekirdağ
T9 Bent Stream – EPL
T10 Ergene River – Uzunköprü District – EPL
T11 2_Marmara MR Ömerli Reservoir – EPP İstanbul
T12 Ilıca District – EPL Yalova
T13 Gökçedere – EPL
T14 3_Susurluk SSR Ulubat Lake – EPP Bursa
T15 Demirtaş Reservoir – EPP
T16 Nilüfer Reservoir – EPL
T17 Susurluk River – Karacabey District – EPL
T18 Gölayağı Stream – EPL
T19 Gölbaşı Reservoir – EPL
T20 Deliçay – Kestel District – EPL
T21 Kapıkaya Stream – EPL
T22 Nilüfer Stream – Osmangazi District – EPL
T23 Orhaneli Stream – Akçabük District – EPL
T24 İkizcetepeler Reservoir – EPL Balıkesir
T25 Manyas Reservoir – EPP
T26 Manyas Reservoir – EPL
T27 Susurluk River – Bademli District – EPL
T28 Susurluk River – Yeniköy District – EPL
T29 Mürüvetler Stream – EPL
T30 Simav Stream – Balıklı District – EPL
T31 Ovaköy District – EPL
T32 Simav Stream – Susurluk District – EPL
T33 Kocaçay – Kızılköy District – EPL
T34 Değirmendere Stream – EPL
T35 Dursunbey Stream – EPL
T36 Susurluk River – Sındırgı District – EPL
T37 Kayaboğazı Reservoir – EPL Kütahya
T38 Simav River – Demirci Köyü District – EPL
T39 Orhaneli Stream – Esatlar Köyü District – EPL
T40 Orhaneli Stream – Hamitabat Köyü District – EPL
T41 Aygırlar Stream – Domaniç District – EPL
T42 Orhaneli Stream – Domaniç District – EPL
T43 Topuk Stream – Domaniç District – EPL
T44 Safa Stream – Domaniç District – EPL
T45 Topuk/Safa junction – Domaniç District – EPL
T46 Kocasu Str., before Kayaboğazı Reservoir – EPL
T47 Kocasu Str., after Kayaboğazı Reservoir – EPL
T48 Ilıcaksu Deresi – Spring – EPL
T49 Karamanca District – EPL
T50 Simav River – Spring – EPL
T51 Mountainous stream – Egir District – EPL
T52 Mountainous stream – Yavru District – EPL
T53 Naşa District – EPL
T54 Güneyköy District – EPL
T55 Domaniç District – EPL
T56 Domaniç entrance – EPL
T57 Ilıcaksu-branch – EPL
T58 4_Kuzey Ege KE Şahindere – EPL Balıkesir
T59 Azap Lake – EPF Aydın
T60 5_Gediz GDZ Gediz River – Naşa District – EPL Kütahya
T61 Gördes Reservoir – EPL Manisa
T62 5_Gediz GDZ Marmara Lake – EPF Manisa
T63 Demirci Stream – EPL
T64 Gediz River – EPL
T65 Derbent Stream – EPL
T66 Alaşehir Stream – EPL
T67 Afşar 2 Reservoir – EPL
T68 Murat Stream – EPL
T69 Ağıl Stream – EPL
T70 6-Antalya ANT Aksu Stream – EPL Antalya
T71 Alara Stream – EPL
T72 Eğirdir Lake – EPF
T73 Kovada Lake – EPL
T74 7_Akarçay AKR Milyas Stream – EPL Afyon
T75 Kayalı Stream – EPL
T76 8_Sakarya SKR Ilıca Stream – EPL Kütahya
T77 Porsuk River – before Kütahya – EPL
T78 Porsuk River – Gelinkaya District – EPL
T79 Felent Stream – Spring – EPL
T80 Felent Stream – Köprüören District – EPL
T81 Kokar Stream – EPL
T82 Altıntaş District – EPL
T83 Büyük Akgöl Lake – EPF Sakarya
T84 9_Konya KNY Mamasın Reservoir – EPL Aksaray
T85 İbrala Reservoir – EPL Karaman
T86 Meram District – EPL Konya
T87 Beyşehir Lake – Chara sample – EPF
T88 Seydişehir District – EPL
T89 Kocacay Stream – Spring – EPL
T90 Derebucak Reservoir – EPP
T91 Büyükköprü Stream – EPL
T92 Susuz District – EPL
T93 Beysehir Lake – EPL
T94 İvriz Reservoir – EPP
T95 Dipsiz Lake – EPP
T96 10_Kızılırmak KZL Kızılırmak River – Şarkışla District – EPL Sivas
T97 Fadlım River – EPL
T98 Kızılırmak River – after Sivas – EPL
T99 Kesikköprü Reservoir – EPL Ankara
T100 Uyuz Lake – EPF
T101 Kızılırmak River – Bafra District – EPL Samsun
T102 Yay Lake – EPF Kayseri
T103 11_Yeşilırmak YŞL Çakmak Reservoir – EPL Samsun
T104 Derinöz Reservoir – EPL
T105 Mert River – EPL
T106 Yeşilırmak River-1 – EPL
T107 Kelkit River – EPL
T108 Kurtun River – EPL
T109 Elgazi Stream – EPL
T110 Karakuş Stream – EPL
T111 Terme Stream – EPL
T112 Yeşilırmak River-2 – EPL Sivas
T113 Yeşilırmak River-3 – EPL
T114 Çekerek River – EPL
T115 Çakraz Stream – EPL
T116 Gölbel Lake – EPP Çorum
T117 12_Eastern Black Sea EBL Moçar Stream – EPL Artvin
T118 Tatos Lake – EPL
T119 Uzungöl Lake – EPL Trabzon
T120 13_Euphrates–Tigris ET Gördelli Stream – EPL Erzurum
T121 Tuzla Stream – EPL Erzincan
T122 Karasu Stream – EPL Gaziantep
T123 Altınsu Stream – EPL Mardin
T124 Murat River – EPL Ağrı
T125 İnekli Lake – EPL Adıyaman
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