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Distribution and ecology of two interesting diatom species Navicula flandriae Van de Vijver et Mertens and Planothidium nanum Bąk, Kryk et Halabowski in rivers of Southern Poland and their spring areas

Dariusz Halabowski
Dariusz Halabowski
, 
Małgorzata Bąk
Małgorzata Bąk
 e 
Iga Lewin
Iga Lewin
   | 05 giu 2021
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 05 giu 2021
Pagine: 137 - 149
Ricevuto: 21 set 2020
Accettato: 15 dic 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0013
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© 2021 Dariusz Halabowski et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Location of the study area and the diatom sampling sites.Abbreviations: S1 – the upper reaches of the Bolina River, S2 – the lower reaches of the Bolina River, S3 – the upper reaches of the Centuria River, S4 – the lower reaches of the Centuria River, S5 – the lower reaches of the Mitręga River, S6 – the lower reaches of the Mleczna River, S7 – the upper reaches of the Wiercica River
Location of the study area and the diatom sampling sites.Abbreviations: S1 – the upper reaches of the Bolina River, S2 – the lower reaches of the Bolina River, S3 – the upper reaches of the Centuria River, S4 – the lower reaches of the Centuria River, S5 – the lower reaches of the Mitręga River, S6 – the lower reaches of the Mleczna River, S7 – the upper reaches of the Wiercica River

Figure 2

LM (a–e) and SEM (f, g) micrographs of Navicula flandriae Van de Vijver & A. MertensScale bars = 10 µm in a–e; 5 µm in f, g
LM (a–e) and SEM (f, g) micrographs of Navicula flandriae Van de Vijver & A. MertensScale bars = 10 µm in a–e; 5 µm in f, g

Figure 3

LM (a–g) and SEM (h) micrographs of Planothidium nanum Bąk, Kryk & HalabowskiScale bars = 10 µm in a–g; 2 µm in h
LM (a–g) and SEM (h) micrographs of Planothidium nanum Bąk, Kryk & HalabowskiScale bars = 10 µm in a–g; 2 µm in h

Percentage of taxa (%) in diatom assemblages at the sampling sites (relative abundance >5% at least at one site).

Taxa S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki 1.0 0.5 16.9 16.4 - 0.9 0.9
Amphora inariensis Krammer - - 1.4 3.7 - - 5.5
Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow - 0.5 - 1.5 - - 9.1
Cocconeis euglypta Ehrenberg - - 0.7 5.2 - - 2.7
Cocconeis placentula var. placentula Ehrenberg - - 0.7 18.7 - - 0.9
Cocconeis pseudolineata (Geitler) Lange-Bertalot - - - 5.2 - - -
Encyonema ventricosum (C.Agardh) Grunow - - 9.2 - - - -
Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst 0.5 5.4 - - - - -
Gyrosigma peisonis (Grunow) Hustedt - 10.3 - - - - -
Halamphora coffeiformis (C.Agardh) Levkov 1.5 7.6 - - 10.2 15.1 -
Karayevia clevei (Grunow) Round - - 2.1 1.5 - - 9.1
Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot - - 19.7 - - - -
Navicula erifuga Lange-Bertalot 3.4 8.7 - - - - -
Navicula flandriae Van de Vijver & A.Mertens 28.2 6.0 - 0.8 75.2 74.9 -
Navicula lacuum Lange-Bertalot, Hofmann, Werum & Van de Vijver 0.5 8.2 - - - - -
Navicula salinarum var. salinarum Grunow - 5.4 - - 4.4 0.5 -
Navicula supergregaria Rumrich & Lange-Bertalot - 6.0 - - - - -
Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow 10.2 6.5 - - 0.7 - -
Planothidium dubium (Grunow) Round & Bukhtiyarova - - 0.7 0.8 - - 5.5
Sellaphora raederae (Lange-Bertalot) Wetzel - - - - - - 6.4
Seminavis sp. 17.0 0.5 - - - - -
Staurosirella martyi (Héribaud-Joseph) Morales & Manoylov - - 5.6 3.0 - - -
Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenberg) Williams & Round - 0.5 2.8 1.5 - - 33.6

Physical and chemical parameters of water, velocity, morphometric features of the studied rivers (sampling sites).

Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
Riverbed width m 7.10 4.30 4.07 3.60 2.70 8.10 7.00
Riverbed depth cm 27.0 21.0 14.0 58.5 30.0 105.0 26.5
Flow velocity m s−1 0.055 0.451 0.105 0.722 0.023 0.170 0.143
Temperature °C 19.3 19.4 10.4 11.8 17.5 16.5 11.0
pH 8.3 8.2 8.7 8.6 6.9 7.8 6.8
Conductivity μS cm−1 14 630 35 700 280 320 400 9290 330
Total dissolved solids mg dm−3 7320 17 840 140 150 200 4640 160
Chlorides 6160 16 180 10 12 29 3960 14
Dissolved oxygen 4.54 5.29 4.07 4.35 3.24 2.24 4.21
Sulfates 660 480 40 41 42 212 12
Iron 0.36 0.91 0.06 0.25 0.86 0.30 0.01
Ammonium 0.58 1.83 0.00 0.12 0.38 1.03 0.01
Nitrites 0.532 2.687 0.000 0.143 0.069 2.702 0.054
Nitrates 0.00 0.00 2.66 6.65 1.33 21.26 11.08
Total nitrogen 1.9 4.1 2.3 2.5 5.9 2.5 4.1
Phosphates 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.25 0.44 0.11
Total phosphorus 0.210 0.240 0.130 0.100 0.065 0.380 < 0.050
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 7 23 < 3 < 3 < 3 4 < 3
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 2.5 3.5 < 2.0 < 2.0 9.8 8.7 < 2.0
Calcium 412 696 57 60 70 190 78
Magnesium 75.57 476.64 0.73 0.12 35.36 91.25 19.56
Total hardness mg CaCO3 dm−3 1340 3700 145 150 320 850 275
Alkalinity 360 280 95 130 150 235 150

Number of diatom taxa, values of the diatom index (IO) for the studied rivers (sampling sites)

Characteristic the Bolina River, upper reaches the Bolina River, lower reaches the Centuria River, upper reaches the Centuria River, lower reaches the Mitręga River, lower reaches the Mleczna River, lower reaches the Wiercica River, upper reaches
Number of taxa 39 45 43 48 15 19 24
Diatom index (IO) 0.254 0.294 0.582 0.557 0.285 0.236 0.632

General characteristics of the studied rivers (sampling sites)

Geographic coordinates/Characteristic features the Bolina River, upper reaches the Bolina River, lower reaches the Centuria River, upper reaches the Centuria River, lower reaches the Mitręga River, lower reaches the Mleczna River, lower reaches the Wiercica River, upper reaches
Coordinate N 50°13′47.6″ 50°14′44.5″ 50°24′52.7″ 50°21′55.2″ 50°26′04.2″ 50°07′01.1″ 50°41′18.0″
Coordinate E 19°05′08.5″ 19°06′04.7″ 19°29′11.4″ 19°29′40.9″ 19°17′57.4″ 19°04′29.2″ 19°24′42.0″
Altitude (m a.s.l.) 262 257 343 311 300 236 309
Abiotic type (type 5) mid-altitude siliceous streams with a fine particulate substrate (type 6) mid-altitude calcareous streams with a fine particulate substrate on loess (type 17) lowland sandy streams
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