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Monitoring of the trophic ecology of pipefish species (Syngnathus abaster, Syngnathus acus) in an alluvial lake habitat (Lake Bafa, Turkey)

Sule Gurkan
Sule Gurkan
, 
Deniz Innal
Deniz Innal
 e 
Iskender Gulle
Iskender Gulle
   | 21 mar 2021
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 21 mar 2021
Pagine: 24 - 32
Ricevuto: 20 lug 2020
Accettato: 31 ago 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0003
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© 2021 Sule Gurkan et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Fish samples
Fish samples

Figure 2

Relationship between the total length and the stomach fullness index in S. abaster
Relationship between the total length and the stomach fullness index in S. abaster

Figure 3

Relationship between the total length and the stomach fullness index in S. acus
Relationship between the total length and the stomach fullness index in S. acus

Figure 4

Relationships between the total length and the mouth width in pipefish species
Relationships between the total length and the mouth width in pipefish species

Figure 5

Relationship between the total length and the total weight of ingested food in pipefish species
Relationship between the total length and the total weight of ingested food in pipefish species

Food composition in S.abaster stomachs in two seasons

Prey items Autumn Spring
F% IRI% F% IRI%
Copepods
  Calanipeda aquaedulcis 0.00 0.00 96.00 97.55
  Other cyclopoids 6.67 3.22 0.00 0.00
Ostracods 16.67 3.63 0.00 0.00
Amphipods 53.33 76.81 64.00 2.17
Amphipod pieces 43.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diptera
  Chironomidae larvae 6.67 16.14 0.00 0.00
Fish larvae (Syngnathus sp.) 3.33 0.18 4.00 0.002
Unknown eggs 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.28

Food composition in S. abaster size groups

Prey items Fish length groups
< 60 mm 60–100 mm 100 mm >
F% IRI% F% IRI% F% IRI%
Copepods
  Calanipeda aquaedulcis 0.00 0.00 56.10 0.49 7.37 28.99
  Other cyclopoids 0.00 0.00 4.88 0.88 0.00 0.00
Ostracods 0.00 0.00 14.63 1.66 0.00 0.00
Amphipods 0.00 0.00 56.10 82.12 75.00 57.56
Amphipod pieces 0.00 0.00 36.59 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diptera
  Chironomidae larvae 0.00 0.00 4.88 7.31 0.00 0.00
Fish larvae (Syngnathus sp.) 0.00 0.00 2.44 0.06 8.33 0.61
Unknown eggs 0.00 0.00 2.44 0.95 8.33 12.84

Food composition in S. acus size groups

Prey Items Length groups
< 60 mm 60–100 mm 100 mm >
F% IRI% F% IRI% F% IRI%
Algae
  Diatom (Surirella sp.) 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.004 4.00 0.00
  Brown algae pieces 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00
Copepods
  Calanipeda aquaedulcis 100.00 100.00 51.06 76.57 16.00 3.23
  Other Calanoids 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.01 0.00 0.00
  Oithona sp. 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.004 0.00 0.00
  Other Cyclopoids 0.00 0.00 14.89 0.72 4.00 0.02
  Harpacticoids 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.004 0.00 0.00
Ostracods 0.00 0.00 4.26 0.02 4.00 0.02
Mysids 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.02
Amphipods 0.00 0.00 59.57 22.47 60.00 96.65
Amphipod pieces 0.00 0.00 31.91 0.00 40.00 0.00
Gastropods 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.04 0.00 0.00
Diptera
  Chironomidae larvae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.03
  Other Diptera larvae 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.18 0.00 0.00
Fish larvae (Syngnathus sp.) 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.01 4.00 0.02
Fish scales 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.004 0.00 0.00

Prey groups consumed by S. acus during two seasons

Prey items Autumn Spring
F% IRI% F% IRI%
Algae
  Diatom (Surirella sp.) 3.13 0.22 0.00 0.00
  Brown algae pieces 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.00
Copepods
  Calanipeda aquaedulcis 3.13 0.22 37.84 93.19
  Other calanoids 3.13 0.44 0.00 0.00
  Oithona sp. 3.13 0.23 0.00 0.00
  Other cyclopoids 3.13 0.23 8.11 0.0002
  Harpacticoids 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.0002
Ostracods 9.38 1.98 0.00 0.00
Mysids 3.13 0.22 0.00 0.00
Amphipods 50.00 85.18 36.49 6.75
Amphipod pieces 43.75 0.00 13.52 0.00
Gastropods 3.13 0.23 0.00 0.00
Diptera
  Chironomidae larvae 3.13 9.18 0.00 0.00
  Other Diptera larvae 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.06
Fish larvae (Syngnathus sp.) 6.25 1.42 0.00 0.00
Fish scales 3.13 0.22 0.00 0.00

Stomach contents in Syngnathus acus

Prey items F% N% W% IRI %
Algae
  Diatom (Surirella sp.) 1.54 0.15 0.00 0.004
  Brown algae pieces 1.53 0.00 0.00 0.00
Copepods
  Calanipeda aquaedulcis 44.62 51.35 1.58 42.37
  Other Calanoids 1.54 0.30 0.002 0.009
  Oithona sp. 1.54 0.15 0.009 0.004
  Other cyclopoids 10.77 3.61 0.64 0.82
  Harpacticoids 1.54 0.15 0.0002 0.004
Ostracods 4.61 0.45 0.24 0.06
Mysids 1.54 0.15 0.09 0.007
Amphipods 66.15 42.62 2.90 54.04
Amphipod pieces 36.92 0.00 0.00 0.00
Gastropods 3.08 0.15 0.01 0.009
Diptera
  Chironomidae larvae 1.54 0.15 46.96 1.29
  Other Diptera larvae 1.54 0.15 46.69 1.29
Fish larvae (Syngnathus sp.) 3.08 0.30 4.35 0.08
Fish scales 1.54 0.15 0.00 0.04
Total prey number 664
Number of full stomachs 65

Stomach contents in Syngnathus abaster

Prey items F% N% W% IRI%
Copepods
  Calanipeda aquaedulcis 51.06 64.71 1.26 10.99
  Other cyclopoids 4.26 1.76 0.20 0.03
Ostracods 10.64 0.79 0.16 0.03
Amphipods 68.09 18.44 0.81 4.28
Amphipod pieces 10.64 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diptera
  Chironomidae larvae 4.26 0.48 93.67 1.31
Fish larvae (Syngnathus sp.) 2.13 0.32 0.74 0.01
Unknown eggs 2.13 13.51 3.16 0.12
Total prey number 629
Number of full stomachs 52
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