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Radiation-induced cross-linking polymerization: Recent developments for coating and composite applications

Xavier Coqueret

Xavier Coqueret

Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS UMR CNRS 7312, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de ReimsReims, France
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Coqueret, Xavier
  
25 giu 2024
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Categoria dell'articolo: Original Paper
Pubblicato online: 25 giu 2024
Pagine: 37 - 44
Ricevuto: 20 nov 2023
Accettato: 09 feb 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2024-0006
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© 2024 Xavier Coqueret, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Principle of radiation curing that converts liquid formulation of reactive prepolymers and reactive diluents (monomers) into solid polymer networks.
Principle of radiation curing that converts liquid formulation of reactive prepolymers and reactive diluents (monomers) into solid polymer networks.

Fig. 2.

Generic structure and examples of prepolymers and monomers bearing acrylate functionalities that are typically used in radiation curable formulations polymerized by a free radical mechanism.
Generic structure and examples of prepolymers and monomers bearing acrylate functionalities that are typically used in radiation curable formulations polymerized by a free radical mechanism.

Fig. 3.

Plots representing the progress of monomer conversions as a function of the absorbed dose of radiation for (a) hexanediol diacrylate and (b) n-butyl acrylate treated as thin layers of monomer coated on an NaCl window covered with a 25 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, 150 keV electron accelerator.
Plots representing the progress of monomer conversions as a function of the absorbed dose of radiation for (a) hexanediol diacrylate and (b) n-butyl acrylate treated as thin layers of monomer coated on an NaCl window covered with a 25 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, 150 keV electron accelerator.

Fig. 4.

Plots representing the evolution of the fractional conversion of acrylate monomer units as a function of the absorbed dose of radiation in EB-irradiated thin layers of resin coated on an NaCl window and treated with 150 keV electron accelerator (various dose increments, same dose rate): (a) aliphatic polyurethanes triacrylate and (b) bisphenol-A epoxy diacrylate.
Plots representing the evolution of the fractional conversion of acrylate monomer units as a function of the absorbed dose of radiation in EB-irradiated thin layers of resin coated on an NaCl window and treated with 150 keV electron accelerator (various dose increments, same dose rate): (a) aliphatic polyurethanes triacrylate and (b) bisphenol-A epoxy diacrylate.

Fig. 5.

Plots representing the evolution of temperature in a bulk sample of an epoxy diacrylate resin sample placed in an aluminum box fitted with seven thermocouple probes (numbered 1–7) and submitted to an irradiation with a 10 MeV EB to ensure a 50 kGy dose in the front domain of the sample (the dotted line represents the relative dose vs. depth deposition of energy).
Plots representing the evolution of temperature in a bulk sample of an epoxy diacrylate resin sample placed in an aluminum box fitted with seven thermocouple probes (numbered 1–7) and submitted to an irradiation with a 10 MeV EB to ensure a 50 kGy dose in the front domain of the sample (the dotted line represents the relative dose vs. depth deposition of energy).

Fig. 6.

Sketch representing the structure of the network obtained by cross-linking polymerization of a rigid diacrylate at various dimension scales (a) repeat unit, (b) cross-links and entanglements in the network, (c) incipient formation of rigid nanoclusters, (d) nanoheterogeneous description at mesoscopic scale of the cured material to be compared with the (e) phase contrast image obtained by atomic force microscopy in the tapping mode that reveals the presence of rigid clusters (brighter zones of cross-section 10–15 nm) in an EB-cured aromatic epoxy diacrylate network with a degree of conversion of about 0.4.
Sketch representing the structure of the network obtained by cross-linking polymerization of a rigid diacrylate at various dimension scales (a) repeat unit, (b) cross-links and entanglements in the network, (c) incipient formation of rigid nanoclusters, (d) nanoheterogeneous description at mesoscopic scale of the cured material to be compared with the (e) phase contrast image obtained by atomic force microscopy in the tapping mode that reveals the presence of rigid clusters (brighter zones of cross-section 10–15 nm) in an EB-cured aromatic epoxy diacrylate network with a degree of conversion of about 0.4.
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