This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Arriagada, A., & Ibáñez, F. (2020). “You need at least one picture daily, if not, you’re dead”: Content creators and platform evolution in the social media ecology. Social Media + Society, 6(3), 205630512094462. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120944624ArriagadaA.IbáñezF.2020“You need at least one picture daily, if not, you’re dead”: Content creators and platform evolution in the social media ecology63205630512094462. https://doi.org/10.1177/205630512094462410.1177/2056305120944624Search in Google Scholar
Bell, A. (1991). The language of news media. Wiley-Blackwell.BellA.1991Wiley-BlackwellSearch in Google Scholar
Bengtsson, E., Källquist, R., & Sveningsson, M. (2018). Combining new and old viewing practices: Uses and experiences of the transmedia series “Skam”. Nordicom Review, 39(2), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2018-0012BengtssonE.KällquistR.SveningssonM.2018Combining new and old viewing practices: Uses and experiences of the transmedia series “Skam”3926378https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2018-001210.2478/nor-2018-0012Search in Google Scholar
Bengtsson, S., & Johansson, S. (2021). A phenomenology of news: Understanding news in digital culture. Journalism, 22(11), 2873–2889. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919901194BengtssonS.JohanssonS.2021A phenomenology of news: Understanding news in digital culture221128732889https://doi.org/10.1177/146488491990119410.1177/1464884919901194Search in Google Scholar
Bergström, A., & Jervelycke Belfrage, M. (2018). News in social media: Incidental consumption and the role of opinion leaders. Digital Journalism, 6(5), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1423625BergströmA.Jervelycke BelfrageM.2018News in social media: Incidental consumption and the role of opinion leaders65583598https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.142362510.1080/21670811.2018.1423625Search in Google Scholar
Boczkowski, P. J., Mitchelstein, E., & Matassi, M. (2018). “News comes across when I’m in a moment of leisure”: Understanding the practices of incidental news consumption on social media. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3523–3539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817750396BoczkowskiP. J.MitchelsteinE.MatassiM.2018“News comes across when I’m in a moment of leisure”: Understanding the practices of incidental news consumption on social media201035233539https://doi.org/10.1177/146144481775039610.1177/1461444817750396Search in Google Scholar
Brites, M. J., & Kõuts-Klemm, R. (2018). News definitions and motivations: Youth and adults in Portugal and in Estonia. Estudos Em Comunicação, 1(27), Article 27. http://ojs.labcom-ifp.ubi.pt/index.php/ec/article/view/294BritesM. J.Kõuts-KlemmR.2018News definitions and motivations: Youth and adults in Portugal and in Estonia127Article 27. http://ojs.labcom-ifp.ubi.pt/index.php/ec/article/view/29410.20287/ec.n27.v1.a11Search in Google Scholar
Bucht, C. (2018). Printing children's news: Three editors’ views on newspapers for a young audience. In Y. Andersson, U. Dalquist, & J. Ohlsson (Eds.), Youth and news in a digital media environment: Nordic-Baltic perspectives (pp. 79–87). Nordicom, University of Gothenburg. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-11874BuchtC.2018Printing children's news: Three editors’ views on newspapers for a young audienceInAnderssonY.DalquistU.OhlssonJ.(Eds.),7987Nordicom, University of Gothenburghttp://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-11874Search in Google Scholar
Burrows, D., & Kendall, S. (1997). Focus groups: What are they and how can they be used in nursing and health care research? Social Sciences in Health, 3, 244–253.BurrowsD.KendallS.1997Focus groups: What are they and how can they be used in nursing and health care research?3244253Search in Google Scholar
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Sage.CharmazK.2006SageSearch in Google Scholar
Clark, L. S., & Marchi, R. (Eds.). (2017). Hope and disillusionment with legacy news. In Young people and the future of news: Social media and the rise of connective journalism (pp. 55–78). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108116015.004ClarkL. S.MarchiR.(Eds.).2017Hope and disillusionment with legacy newsIn5578Cambridge University Presshttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108116015.00410.1017/9781108116015.004Search in Google Scholar
Conboy, M. (2010). The paradoxes of journalism history. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 30(3), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2010.505040ConboyM.2010The paradoxes of journalism history303411420https://doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2010.50504010.1080/01439685.2010.505040Search in Google Scholar
Costera Meijer, I. (2007). The paradox of popularity. Journalism Studies, 8(1), 96–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700601056874Costera MeijerI.2007The paradox of popularity8196116https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670060105687410.1080/14616700601056874Search in Google Scholar
Cunningham, S., & Craig, D. (2017). Being ‘really real’ on YouTube: Authenticity, community and brand culture in social media entertainment. Media International Australia, 164(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X17709098CunninghamS.CraigD.2017Being ‘really real’ on YouTube: Authenticity, community and brand culture in social media entertainment16417181https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1770909810.1177/1329878X17709098Search in Google Scholar
Dubied, A., & Hanitzsch, T. (2014). Studying celebrity news. Journalism, 15(2), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913488717DubiedA.HanitzschT.2014Studying celebrity news152137143https://doi.org/10.1177/146488491348871710.1177/1464884913488717Search in Google Scholar
Edgerly, S., & Vraga, E. K. (2019). News, entertainment, or both? Exploring audience perceptions of media genre in a hybrid media environment. Journalism, 20(6), 807–826. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917730709EdgerlyS.VragaE. K.2019News, entertainment, or both? Exploring audience perceptions of media genre in a hybrid media environment206807826https://doi.org/10.1177/146488491773070910.1177/1464884917730709Search in Google Scholar
Edgerly, S., Vraga, E. K., Bode, L., Thorson, K., & Thorson, E. (2018). New media, new relationship to participation? A closer look at youth news repertoires and political participation. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(1), 192–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017706928EdgerlyS.VragaE. K.BodeL.ThorsonK.ThorsonE.2018New media, new relationship to participation? A closer look at youth news repertoires and political participation951192212https://doi.org/10.1177/107769901770692810.1177/1077699017706928Search in Google Scholar
Ferrer-Conill, R., Foxman, M., Jones, J., Sihvonen, T., & Siitonen, M. (2020). Playful approaches to news engagement. Convergence, 26(3), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856520923964Ferrer-ConillR.FoxmanM.JonesJ.SihvonenT.SiitonenM.2020Playful approaches to news engagement263457469https://doi.org/10.1177/135485652092396410.1177/1354856520923964Search in Google Scholar
Groot Kormelink, T. G., & Meijer, I. C. (2018). What clicks actually mean: Exploring digital news user practices. Journalism, 19(5), 668–683. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916688290Groot KormelinkT. G.MeijerI. C.2018What clicks actually mean: Exploring digital news user practices195668683https://doi.org/10.1177/146488491668829010.1177/1464884916688290Search in Google Scholar
Haim, M., Karlsson, M., Ferrer-Conill, R., Kammer, A., Elgesem, D., & Sjøvaag, H. (2021). You should read this study! It investigates Scandinavian social media logics. Digital Journalism, 9(4), 406–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1886861HaimM.KarlssonM.Ferrer-ConillR.KammerA.ElgesemD.SjøvaagH.2021You should read this study! It investigates Scandinavian social media logics94406426https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.188686110.1080/21670811.2021.1886861Search in Google Scholar
Hanusch, F. (2012). Broadening the focus. Journalism Practice, 6(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.622895HanuschF.2012Broadening the focus61211https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.62289510.1080/17512786.2011.622895Search in Google Scholar
Harrison, J. (2008). News. In B. Franklin (Ed.), Pulling newspapers apart: Analysing print journalism (pp. 39–47). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203630709HarrisonJ.2008NewsInFranklinB.(Ed.),3947Routledgehttps://doi.org/10.4324/978020363070910.4324/9780203625538Search in Google Scholar
Himma-Kadakas, M., Rajavee, A., Orgmets, M.-L., Eensaar, L., & Kõuts-Klemm, R. (2018). The food chain of YouTubers: Engaging audiences with formats and genres. Observatorio (OBS*), 12(SPE1), 54–75.Himma-KadakasM.RajaveeA.OrgmetsM.-L.EensaarL.Kõuts-KlemmR.2018The food chain of YouTubers: Engaging audiences with formats and genres12SPE1547510.15847/obsOBS0001385Search in Google Scholar
Huang, E. (2009). The causes of youths’ low news consumption and strategies for making youths happy news consumers. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 15(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856508097021HuangE.2009The causes of youths’ low news consumption and strategies for making youths happy news consumers151105122https://doi.org/10.1177/135485650809702110.1177/1354856508097021Search in Google Scholar
Kalogeropoulos, A. (2018). Online news video consumption: A comparison of six countries. Digital Journalism, 6(5), 651–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1320197KalogeropoulosA.2018Online news video consumption: A comparison of six countries65651665https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.132019710.1080/21670811.2017.1320197Search in Google Scholar
Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (5th ed.). Sage.KruegerR. A.CaseyM. A.20155th ed.SageSearch in Google Scholar
Kõuts-Klemm, R., & Brites, M. J. (2017). Comparison of news consumption on online among Estonian and Portuguese audience. Participations, 14(2), 464–483. http://www.participations.org/Volume%2014/Issue%202/23.pdfKõuts-KlemmR.BritesM. J.2017Comparison of news consumption on online among Estonian and Portuguese audience142464483http://www.participations.org/Volume%2014/Issue%202/23.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Lindell, J. (2018). Distinction recapped: Digital news repertoires in the class structure. New Media & Society, 20(8), 3029–3049. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817739622LindellJ.2018Distinction recapped: Digital news repertoires in the class structure20830293049https://doi.org/10.1177/146144481773962210.1177/1461444817739622Search in Google Scholar
Lindell, J., & Sartoretto, P. (2018). Young people, class and the news: Distinction, socialization and moral sentiments. Journalism Studies, 19(14), 2042–2061. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1310628LindellJ.SartorettoP.2018Young people, class and the news: Distinction, socialization and moral sentiments191420422061https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.131062810.1080/1461670X.2017.1310628Search in Google Scholar
Loader, B. D. (Ed.). (2007). Young citizens in the digital age: Political engagement, young people and new media. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203946725LoaderB. D.(Ed.).2007Routledgehttps://doi.org/10.4324/978020394672510.4324/9780203946725Search in Google Scholar
Lomborg, S. (2011). Social media as communicative genres. MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research, 27(51), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v27i51.4012LomborgS.2011Social media as communicative genres27515571https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v27i51.401210.7146/mediekultur.v27i51.4012Search in Google Scholar
Moy, P., Torres, M., Tanaka, K., & McCluskey, M. R. (2005). Knowledge or trust? Investigating linkages between media reliance and participation. Communication Research, 32(1), 59–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650204271399MoyP.TorresM.TanakaK.McCluskeyM. R.2005Knowledge or trust? Investigating linkages between media reliance and participation3215986https://doi.org/10.1177/009365020427139910.1177/0093650204271399Search in Google Scholar
Nadler, A. M. (2016). Making the news popular: Mobilizing U.S. news audiences. University of Illinois Press.NadlerA. M.2016University of Illinois Press10.5406/illinois/9780252040146.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Neale, J. (2016). Iterative categorization (IC): A systematic technique for analysing qualitative data. Addiction, 111(6), 1096–1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13314NealeJ.2016Iterative categorization (IC): A systematic technique for analysing qualitative data111610961106https://doi.org/10.1111/add.1331410.1111/add.13314Search in Google Scholar
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., Levy, D. A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Reuters Institute digital news report 2018. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford. https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2018/NewmanN.FletcherR.KalogeropoulosA.LevyD. A.NielsenR. K.2018Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxfordhttps://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2018/Search in Google Scholar
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Schults, A., Andı, S., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). Reuters Institute digital news report 2020. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford. https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/NewmanN.FletcherR.SchultsA.AndıS.NielsenR. K.2020Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxfordhttps://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2020/Search in Google Scholar
Nyumba, T., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12860NyumbaT.WilsonK.DerrickC. J.MukherjeeN.2018The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation912032https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.1286010.1111/2041-210X.12860Search in Google Scholar
OECD. (2020). PISA 2018 results (volume V): Effective policies, successful schools. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2018-results-volume-v_ca768d40-enOECD2020Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmenthttps://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2018-results-volume-v_ca768d40-enSearch in Google Scholar
Open Society Institute – Sofia. (n.d.). Media literacy index 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2022, from https://osis.bg/?p=3750&lang=enOpen Society Institute – Sofia(n.d.).Retrieved March 9, 2022, from https://osis.bg/?p=3750&lang=enSearch in Google Scholar
Opermann, S. (2018). Youth news media use in Estonia. In Y. Andersson, U. Dalquist, & J. Ohlsson (Eds.), Youth and news in a digital media environment (pp. 91–104). Nordicom, University of Gothenburg. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-11875OpermannS.2018Youth news media use in EstoniaInAnderssonY.DalquistU.OhlssonJ.(Eds.),91104Nordicom, University of Gothenburghttp://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-11875Search in Google Scholar
Otto, L., Glogger, I., & Boukes, M. (2017). The softening of journalistic political communication: A comprehensive framework model of sensationalism, soft news, infotainment, and tabloidization. Communication Theory, 27(2), 136–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12102OttoL.GloggerI.BoukesM.2017The softening of journalistic political communication: A comprehensive framework model of sensationalism, soft news, infotainment, and tabloidization272136155https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.1210210.1111/comt.12102Search in Google Scholar
Östberg, L. (2018). Lilla Aktuellt: Public service producing news for young people. In Y. Andersson, U. Dalquist, & J. Ohlsson (Eds.), Youth and news in a digital media environment (pp. 51–58). Nordicom, University of Gothenburg. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-11871ÖstbergL.2018Lilla Aktuellt: Public service producing news for young peopleInAnderssonY.DalquistU.OhlssonJ.(Eds.),5158Nordicom, University of Gothenburghttp://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-11871Search in Google Scholar
Peer, L., & Ksiazek, T.B. (2011). YouTube and the challenge to journalism. New standards for news videos online. Journalism Studies, 12(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2010.511951PeerL.KsiazekT.B.2011YouTube and the challenge to journalism. New standards for news videos online1214563https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2010.51195110.1080/1461670X.2010.511951Search in Google Scholar
Ritchie, J., & Spencer, L. (2002). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In A. Huberman, & M. Miles (Eds.), The qualitative researcher's companion (pp. 305–329). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412986274.n12RitchieJ.SpencerL.2002Qualitative data analysis for applied policy researchInHubermanA.MilesM.(Eds.),305329Sagehttps://doi.org/10.4135/9781412986274.n1210.4135/9781412986274.n12Search in Google Scholar
Schrøder, K. C. (2015). News media old and new. Journalism Studies, 16(1), 60–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.890332SchrøderK. C.2015News media old and new1616078https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.89033210.1080/1461670X.2014.890332Search in Google Scholar
Shoemaker, P. J. (2006). News and newsworthiness: A commentary. Communications, 31(1), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1515/COMMUN.2006.007ShoemakerP. J.2006News and newsworthiness: A commentary311105111https://doi.org/10.1515/COMMUN.2006.00710.1515/COMMUN.2006.007Search in Google Scholar
Smithson, J. (2000). Using and analysing focus groups: Limitations and possibilities. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 3(2), 103–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/136455700405172SmithsonJ.2000Using and analysing focus groups: Limitations and possibilities32103119https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570040517210.1080/136455700405172Search in Google Scholar
Srivastava, P., & Hopwood, N. (2009). A practical iterative framework for qualitative data analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800107SrivastavaP.HopwoodN.2009A practical iterative framework for qualitative data analysis817684https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069090080010710.1177/160940690900800107Search in Google Scholar
Steensen, S., Ferrer-Conill, R., & Peters, C. (2020). (Against a) theory of audience engagement with news. Journalism Studies, 21(12), 1662–1680. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1788414SteensenS.Ferrer-ConillR.PetersC.2020(Against a) theory of audience engagement with news211216621680https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.178841410.1080/1461670X.2020.1788414Search in Google Scholar
Strøm Krogager, S. G., Povlsen, K. K., & Degn, H.-P. (2015). Patterns of media use and reflections on media among young Danes. Nordicom Review, 36(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2015-0019Strøm KrogagerS. G.PovlsenK. K.DegnH.-P.2015Patterns of media use and reflections on media among young Danes36297112https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2015-001910.1515/nor-2015-0019Search in Google Scholar
Sveningsson, M. (2015). “It's only a pastime, really”: Young people's experiences of social media as a source of news about public affairs. Social Media + Society, 1(2), 2056305115604855. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115604855SveningssonM.2015“It's only a pastime, really”: Young people's experiences of social media as a source of news about public affairs122056305115604855. https://doi.org/10.1177/205630511560485510.1177/2056305115604855Search in Google Scholar
Tamboer, S. L., Kleemans, M., & Daalmans, S. (2022). ‘We are a neeeew generation’: Early adolescents’ views on news and news literacy. Journalism, 23(4), 806–822. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920924527TamboerS. L.KleemansM.DaalmansS.2022‘We are a neeeew generation’: Early adolescents’ views on news and news literacy234806822https://doi.org/10.1177/146488492092452710.1177/1464884920924527Search in Google Scholar
Vihalemm, P. (2006). Media use in Estonia: Trends and patterns. Nordicom Review, 27(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0216VihalemmP.2006Media use in Estonia: Trends and patterns2711729https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-021610.1515/nor-2017-0216Search in Google Scholar
Wolf, C., & Schnauber, A. (2015). News consumption in the mobile era. Digital Journalism, 3(5), 759–776. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.942497WolfC.SchnauberA.2015News consumption in the mobile era35759776https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.94249710.1080/21670811.2014.942497Search in Google Scholar
Äripäev. (2019a, January 15). DIILIGA VÕI DIILITA: Britid ja Euroopa Liit lahutavad abielu [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h0iaeW1y-8Äripäev2019aJanuary15YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h0iaeW1y-8Search in Google Scholar
Äripäev. (2019b, January 1). KÕIGEST 5 MINUTIGA: Börsiköök [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CL9yFTnj34gÄripäev2019bJanuary1YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CL9yFTnj34gSearch in Google Scholar
Äripäev. (2019c, January 22). OLE TEADLIK: Kuidas saad sina ära hoida panganduskriisi? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm7EX-_QkgUÄripäev2019cJanuary22YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm7EX-_QkgUSearch in Google Scholar
Äripäev. (2019d, January 3). TULEVIK ON PRAEGU: Robotid kirjutavad majandusuudiseid [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJZ9uWyieDgÄripäev2019dJanuary3YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJZ9uWyieDgSearch in Google Scholar