Glucose Concentration Monitoring Using Microstrip Spurline Sensor

This article reports a microstrip spurline sensor for glucose concentration monitoring. The microstrip spurline sensor is a low-cost and easy-to-fabricate device that uses printed circuit board (PCB) technology. It consists of a combination of four spurlines and transmission lines. The four spurlines are used to reject unwanted frequencies, while the transmission lines allow the desired frequencies to pass through. The resonance frequency (Fr) and reflection coefficient (S11) were recorded through meticulous simulations and experiments over a frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 4 GHz. In addition, the sensor was used to detect changes in glucose concentration, ranging from 0 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL. The findings of this study show that the antenna-based sensor proposed in this research can effectively measure glucose levels across the diabetes range, from hypoglycemia to normoglycemia to hyperglycemia, with a high degree of sensitivity of 7.82 x 10⁻³ dB/(mg/dL) and 233.33 kHz/(mg/dL).