Microstructural analysis of freeze–thaw degradation in rubber-modified cement-stabilized crushed stone using X-ray computed tomography

[1] Tian, X., Guo, L., Development status of recycling and resource utilization of waste tires, Prog. Mater. China, 2022, 41(1): 22–29 + 66–67 Tian X. Guo L. Development status of recycling and resource utilization of waste tires Prog. Mater. China 2022 41 1 22 29 + 66–67 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Han, X., The main index of transportation industry in the fourth quarter has an obvious upward trend, People’s Dly. (in Chinese), 2024. 10.28655/n.cnki.nrmrb.2024.016668 Han X. The main index of transportation industry in the fourth quarter has an obvious upward trend People’s Dly. (in Chinese) 2024 10.28655/n.cnki.nrmrb.2024.016668 Open DOI

[3] Cai, D., Ye, Y., Lou, L., Shi, Y., Pang, S., Research status and development trend of asphalt concrete structure of high-speed railway roadbed, J. Railw. Sci. (in Chinese), 2022, 44(10): 112–122. 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2022.10.015 Cai D. Ye Y. Lou L. Shi Y. Pang S. Research status and development trend of asphalt concrete structure of high-speed railway roadbed J. Railw. Sci. (in Chinese) 2022 44 10 112 122 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2022.10.015 Open DOI

[4] Ye, Y., Cai, D., Zhang, Q., Wei, S., Yan, H., Geng, L., Current status and development trend of design method for high-speed railway subgrade bed structure, China Railw. Sci., 2021, 42(3): 1–12 Ye Y. Cai D. Zhang Q. Wei S. Yan H. Geng L. Current status and development trend of design method for high-speed railway subgrade bed structure China Railw. Sci. 2021 42 3 1 12 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Zhang, J., Jie, S., Yue, Z., Mao, S., Zuo, Z., Analysis of dynamic characteristics of cement stabilized macadam mixed with rubber powder in high-speed railway subgrade bed, Sci. Technol. Eng. (in Chinese), 2023, 23(16): 7064–7073 Zhang J. Jie S. Yue Z. Mao S. Zuo Z. Analysis of dynamic characteristics of cement stabilized macadam mixed with rubber powder in high-speed railway subgrade bed Sci. Technol. Eng. (in Chinese) 2023 23 16 7064 7073 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Sun, X., Wu, X., Zhao, G., Yan, Z., Investigation on the micromechanical damage mechanism of cement-stabilized macadam after multiple freeze-thaw cycles, Front. Mater., 2025, 11: 1479306. 10.3389/fmats.2024.1479306 Sun X. Wu X. Zhao G. Yan Z. Investigation on the micromechanical damage mechanism of cement-stabilized macadam after multiple freeze-thaw cycles Front. Mater. 2025 11 1479306 10.3389/fmats.2024.1479306 Open DOI

[7] Jie, S., Yue, Z., Sun, Z., Zhang, H., Hu, T., Sun, T., et al., Frost resistance and mechanical degradation characteristics of cement-stabilized macadam under the long-term freezing–thawing cycles, Constr. Build. Mater., 2022, 347: 128545. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128545 Jie S. Yue Z. Sun Z. Zhang H. Hu T. Sun T. Frost resistance and mechanical degradation characteristics of cement-stabilized macadam under the long-term freezing–thawing cycles Constr. Build. Mater. 2022 347 128545 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128545 Open DOI

[8] Jie, S., Yue, Z., Sun, T., Yang, Z., Zhang, H., Freeze-thaw deterioration test and model study of cement stabilized gravel bed, Sci. Technol. Eng. (in Chinese), 2021, 21(8): 3318–3324 Jie S. Yue Z. Sun T. Yang Z. Zhang H. Freeze-thaw deterioration test and model study of cement stabilized gravel bed Sci. Technol. Eng. (in Chinese) 2021 21 8 3318 3324 Search in Google Scholar

[9] Jie, S.L., Mao, S., Yue, Z.R., Sun, Z.Q., Sun, T.C., Hu, T.F., et al., Frost resistance and mechanical characteristics of cement-stabilized macadam mixed with rubber powder, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2023, 35(7). 10.1061/jmcee7.Mteng-14871 Jie S.L. Mao S. Yue Z.R. Sun Z.Q. Sun T.C. Hu T.F. Frost resistance and mechanical characteristics of cement-stabilized macadam mixed with rubber powder J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2023 35 7 10.1061/jmcee7.Mteng-14871 Open DOI

[10] Liu, H., Qian, J., Jin, C., Qian, X., Investigation of mechanical performance and voids structure of cement-stabilised macadam under freeze-thaw actions, Int. J. Pavement Eng., 2023, 24(1): 2225120. 10.1080/10298436.2023.2225120 Liu H. Qian J. Jin C. Qian X. Investigation of mechanical performance and voids structure of cement-stabilised macadam under freeze-thaw actions Int. J. Pavement Eng. 2023 24 1 2225120 10.1080/10298436.2023.2225120 Open DOI

[11] Liang, C., Wang, Y., Tan, G., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Yu, Z., Analysis of internal structure of cement-stabilized macadam based on industrial CT scanning, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020, 2020(1): 5265243. 10.1155/2020/5265243 Liang C. Wang Y. Tan G. Zhang L. Zhang Y. Yu Z. Analysis of internal structure of cement-stabilized macadam based on industrial CT scanning Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020 2020 1 5265243 10.1155/2020/5265243 Open DOI

[12] Yasser, N., Abdelrahman, A., Kohail, M., Moustafa, A., Experimental investigation of durability properties of rubberized concrete, Ain Shams Eng. J., 2023, 14(6). 10.1016/j.asej.2022.102111 Yasser N. Abdelrahman A. Kohail M. Moustafa A. Experimental investigation of durability properties of rubberized concrete Ain Shams Eng. J. 2023 14 6 10.1016/j.asej.2022.102111 Open DOI

[13] Zhang, J., Wu, M., FitzGerald, P., Araujo, S., De Man, B., Development and tuning of models for accurate simulation of CT spatial resolution using CatSim, Phys. Med. Biol., 2024, 69(4): 045014 Zhang J. Wu M. FitzGerald P. Araujo S. De Man B. Development and tuning of models for accurate simulation of CT spatial resolution using CatSim Phys. Med. Biol. 2024 69 4 045014 Search in Google Scholar

[14] Sun, B.W., Xu, T.L., Zhang, H.W., Li, Y., Huang, X., Qi, L., et al., Analysis of alkali leaching mechanism on as-built cement concrete bridge deck pavement: View from the perspective of mesostructure characteristics, Constr. Build. Mater., 2023, 409: 134054. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134054 Sun B.W. Xu T.L. Zhang H.W. Li Y. Huang X. Qi L. Analysis of alkali leaching mechanism on as-built cement concrete bridge deck pavement: View from the perspective of mesostructure characteristics Constr. Build. Mater. 2023 409 134054 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134054 Open DOI

[15] Tu, Y.L., Long, H., Fang, Z., Chai, H.J., Liu, X.R., Zhang, L.Z., et al., A new numerical method for constructing the three-dimensional microstructure of S-RM using digital image processing technology, Granul. Matter., 2024, 26(1). 10.1007/s10035-023-01393-0 Tu Y.L. Long H. Fang Z. Chai H.J. Liu X.R. Zhang L.Z. A new numerical method for constructing the three-dimensional microstructure of S-RM using digital image processing technology Granul. Matter. 2024 26 1 10.1007/s10035-023-01393-0 Open DOI

[16] Huang, M., Xu, K., Liu, Z.J., Xu, C.S., Cui, M.J., Effect of drying-wetting cycles on pore characteristics and mechanical properties of enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation-reinforced sea sand, J. Rock. Mech. Geotech. Eng., 2024, 16(1): 291–302. 10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.032 Huang M. Xu K. Liu Z.J. Xu C.S. Cui M.J. Effect of drying-wetting cycles on pore characteristics and mechanical properties of enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation-reinforced sea sand J. Rock. Mech. Geotech. Eng. 2024 16 1 291 302 10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.032 Open DOI

[17] State Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China, Codes for design of high speed railway, People’s Communications Press, Beijing, 2014. TB10621-2014 State Railway Administration of the People’s Republic of China Codes for design of high speed railway People’s Communications Press Beijing 2014 TB10621-2014 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Yan, H., Zhao, G., Cai, D., Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Yao, J., Research on anti-frost heaving structure of permeable subgrade bed on high speed railway, Railw. Eng., 2015, 5: 98–102 Yan H. Zhao G. Cai D. Wang Z. Zhang Q. Yao J. Research on anti-frost heaving structure of permeable subgrade bed on high speed railway Railw. Eng. 2015 5 98 102 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Ding, J.S., Research and implementation of algorithms in FPGA-based image processing system, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China, 2015 Ding J.S. Research and implementation of algorithms in FPGA-based image processing system Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China 2015 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Gonzalez, R.C., Digital image processing, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, 2011, pp. 1–8 Gonzalez R.C. Digital image processing Publishing House of Electronics Industry Beijing 2011 pp. 1 8 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Meng, Q.L., Introduction to design standards and explanations for railway structures, Railw. Build., 2007, 10: 102 Meng Q.L. Introduction to design standards and explanations for railway structures Railw. Build. 2007 10 102 Search in Google Scholar