Military Spending and Personnel Dynamics: A Panel Data Analysis of NATO Members

[1] Narayan, P. K., & Singh, B. (2007). The military expenditure–employment nexus: New evidence from the panel cointegration approach. Applied Economics, 39(3), 315–320. Search in Google Scholar

[2] Dunne, J. P., & Smith, R. P. (1990). Military expenditure and unemployment in the OECD. Defence and Peace Economics, 1(1), 57–73. Search in Google Scholar

[3] Sezgin, S., & Yildirim, J. (2003). Military expenditure and employment in Turkey. Defence and Peace Economics, 14(2), 129–139. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Qayyum, A., Azam, M., Samsi, A., & Emirullah, C. (2015). Impact of defense spending on unemployment in five Asian countries. Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition, 11(3), 95–109. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). (2006). Military expenditure and development. In SIPRI Yearbook 2006. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

[6] Özşahin, Ş., & Üçler, G. (2021). The relationship between defense expenditures and employment in NATO member states: Bootstrap panel causality test. Istanbul Journal of Economics, 71(1), 1–19. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Pivetti, M. (1992). Military spending and employment in the United States, 1948–1988. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 16(2), 131–144. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Bezdek, R. (2006). The 1980 economic impact of compensated shifts in defense spending. Journal of Regional Science. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Adams, G., & Gold, D. (1987). Defense spending and the economy: Does the defense dollar make a difference? Stimson Center. Search in Google Scholar

[10] Corman, N. (2023). Analysis of budget allocations for personnel expenses in the national security system. Knowledge-Based Organization, 29(2). Search in Google Scholar

[11] Hanif, M.A., Uddin, M.S., Bakirtas, T., & Kader, S.A. (2023). Military expenditure and unemployment nexus in Bangladesh. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, 15(1), 157–184. https://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.v15.n1.2023.7 Search in Google Scholar

[12] Mittelstadt, J. (2001). “The army is a service, not a job”: Unionization, employment, and the meaning of military service in the late-twentieth-century United States. International Labor and Working-Class History, 80, 29–52. Search in Google Scholar