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Antibacterial activity and genomic characterisation of a novel Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolated from Xinjiang, China

Ming Wu

Ming Wu

Shihezi, China
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Wu, Ming
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Shuang Chen

Shuang Chen

Shihezi, China
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Chen, Shuang
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Guofei Li

Guofei Li

Shihezi, China
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Li, Guofei
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Huimei Zhang

Huimei Zhang

Shihezi, China
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Zhang, Huimei
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Fushuang Duan

Fushuang Duan

Shihezi, China
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Duan, Fushuang
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Yufei Zuo

Yufei Zuo

Shihezi, China
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Zuo, Yufei
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Xuepeng Cai

Xuepeng Cai

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou, China
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Cai, Xuepeng
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Jie Li

Jie Li

Shihezi, China
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Li, Jie
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Qingling Meng

Qingling Meng

Shihezi, China
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Meng, Qingling
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Jun Qiao

Jun Qiao

Shihezi, China
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Qiao, Jun
  
17 set 2025
Antibacterial activity and genomic characterisation of a novel Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolated from Xinjiang, China's Cover Image
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Pubblicato online: 17 set 2025
Ricevuto: 10 gen 2025
Accettato: 12 set 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0039
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© 2025 Ming Wu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Isolation and identification of Brevibacillus laterosporus. (A) Gram staining of five strains of lateral spore-forming bacteria; (B) Antibacterial activity of the sterile supernatants of the culture fluids of five suspected strains; (C) 1% gel electrophoresis of the 16S rRNA of the isolates; M – DNAmarker; N – negative control; (D) Phylogenetic tree constructed based on partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. Red circles mark the positions of strains XJ-24-1, XJ-24-2, XJ-24-3, XJ-24-4 and XJ-24-5 isolated in this experiment
Isolation and identification of Brevibacillus laterosporus. (A) Gram staining of five strains of lateral spore-forming bacteria; (B) Antibacterial activity of the sterile supernatants of the culture fluids of five suspected strains; (C) 1% gel electrophoresis of the 16S rRNA of the isolates; M – DNAmarker; N – negative control; (D) Phylogenetic tree constructed based on partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. Red circles mark the positions of strains XJ-24-1, XJ-24-2, XJ-24-3, XJ-24-4 and XJ-24-5 isolated in this experiment

Fig. 2.

Determination of antibacterial activity of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. (A) Bacteriostatic activity of bacteria-free supernatant and B. laterosporus XJ-24-3 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae; (B) The observation of MRSA treated by cultural supernatant of B. laterosporus XJ-24-3 using a scanning electron microscope; b1 – untreated MRSA; b2 and b3 – MRSA treated by the supernatant of B. laterosporus XJ-24-3 for 1 h and 2 h, respectively
Determination of antibacterial activity of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. (A) Bacteriostatic activity of bacteria-free supernatant and B. laterosporus XJ-24-3 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae; (B) The observation of MRSA treated by cultural supernatant of B. laterosporus XJ-24-3 using a scanning electron microscope; b1 – untreated MRSA; b2 and b3 – MRSA treated by the supernatant of B. laterosporus XJ-24-3 for 1 h and 2 h, respectively

Fig. 3.

Genome map of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. Kbp – kilobase pairs; rRNA – ribosomal RNA; tRNA – transfer RNA; sRNA – small RNA; CRISPR – clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; GC – guanine and cytosine; C G – Cluster of rthologous Groups
Genome map of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. Kbp – kilobase pairs; rRNA – ribosomal RNA; tRNA – transfer RNA; sRNA – small RNA; CRISPR – clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; GC – guanine and cytosine; C G – Cluster of rthologous Groups

Fig. 4A and B.

Functional annotation of the genome of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. (A) GO annotation; (B) KEGG analysis annotation
Functional annotation of the genome of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. (A) GO annotation; (B) KEGG analysis annotation

Fig. 4C, D and E.

Statistical analysis of secondary metabolic gene clusters in the genome of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. (C) Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme (CAZy) function prediction; (D) Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) analysis; (E) Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) annotation
Statistical analysis of secondary metabolic gene clusters in the genome of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate. (C) Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme (CAZy) function prediction; (D) Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) analysis; (E) Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) annotation

Fig. 5.

uantities of secondary metabolic gene clusters in the genome of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate
uantities of secondary metabolic gene clusters in the genome of the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate

Fig. 6.

Prediction of bacteriocin-related genes in seven regions (A–G) of the genome of Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 strain. (A) Lantibiotic ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (ATP – adenosine triphosphate) in red and 131.2 gene (encoding laterosporulin bacteriocin) in green; (B) 223.2 (uviB) gene in green; (C) 224.2 (uviB) gene in green; (D) Lantibiotic ABC transporter (encoding putative YheS) in red and bmbF gene (encoding ribosomal RNA large subunit methyltransferase Cfr) in blue; ( ) Lantibiotic HlyD transporter (encoding efflux resistance-nodulation-division transporter permease subunit) in red and bmbF gene (encoding radical s-adenosylmethionine domain protein) in blue; (F) Lantibiotic ABC transporter in red and 11.1 (bsaA2) gene in green; lanB, lanC and lanD genes (encoding lantibiotic biosynthesis proteins) in blue; (G) lapBotD genes (encoding lantibiotic biosynthesis proteins) in blue and lantibiotic ABC transporter in red
Prediction of bacteriocin-related genes in seven regions (A–G) of the genome of Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 strain. (A) Lantibiotic ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (ATP – adenosine triphosphate) in red and 131.2 gene (encoding laterosporulin bacteriocin) in green; (B) 223.2 (uviB) gene in green; (C) 224.2 (uviB) gene in green; (D) Lantibiotic ABC transporter (encoding putative YheS) in red and bmbF gene (encoding ribosomal RNA large subunit methyltransferase Cfr) in blue; ( ) Lantibiotic HlyD transporter (encoding efflux resistance-nodulation-division transporter permease subunit) in red and bmbF gene (encoding radical s-adenosylmethionine domain protein) in blue; (F) Lantibiotic ABC transporter in red and 11.1 (bsaA2) gene in green; lanB, lanC and lanD genes (encoding lantibiotic biosynthesis proteins) in blue; (G) lapBotD genes (encoding lantibiotic biosynthesis proteins) in blue and lantibiotic ABC transporter in red

Prediction of molecular sequences with antimicrobial activity in the Brevibacillus laterosporus XJ-24-3 isolate

Antimicrobial molecule Detected by Amino acid sequence
Laterosporulin BAGEL4 MACVNECPDAVDDWAYGDWKCHPVEGKYYRHVFAVCMNGANLYCKTEWSKGC
223.2 (UviB) BAGEL4 MEESVMNALLQQGPFAALFVWLLFSTKKEGRDRETRLVKQAQAREAKLMEHNERMVIQLERNTSTLQQIERSLSGLEMELQELKEKVE
224.2 (UviB) BAGEL4 MGSFGSLLYLPQGGDKERKSMEEPLFNALLSQGPFAGLFVWLLFSTKKEGRDRETRLVEQAQQREAKLMEHSERMVIQLERNTTTLQQIERSLNGLENELEELKE KVG
Linear azol(in)e-containing peptide BAGEL4 MDDFQNELKKLRVDKFQGGDVSPWENESQQDAMLVQRRCGRCHHCSCSCSCSCSCSCSCSCSCSCVCLFINCFRCSRCSRCF
Sactipeptide BAGEL4 MKNYTTPKVKVVNPGVIDVIDSCQCGSKNGAGA
Class I lanthipeptide BAGEL4 MKKEDLFDLDVQVKEASQAQGDSVVSDLICTTFCSATFCQSNCC
Bottromycin BAGEL4 MGPVVVFDCMTADFLNDDPNNAELSALELEELESWGVWSEDNQSV
BM1122 antiSMASH MNKTELIAKVAETSELTKKDATKAVDAVLDAISDALKEGDKVQLIGFGNFEVRERAARKGRNPQTGEEIEIASSKIPAFKPGKQLKDSIK
Lactococcin 972-like antiSMASH MDKSQKFPDSPLSKEEWRQLDETIVEMARRQLVGRRFIDIYGPLGEGIQTITN DIYDESRFGNMSLRGESLELTQPSKRVSLTIPIVYKDFMLYWRDMAQARTLG MPIDLSPAANAASSCALMEDDLIFNGNPEFDLPGIMNVKGRLTHIKSDWMES GNAFADIVEARNKLLKMGHSGPYALVVSPELYSLLHRVHKGTNVLEIDHIRN LVTDGVFQSPVIKGGALVATGRHNLDLAIAEDFDSAFLGDEQMNSLMRVYEC AVLRIKRPSAICTLETTEE
Holin antiSMASH MKVLFLLHKMRQGGKNGMEESVMNALLQQGPFAALFVWLLFSTKKEGRDR ETRLVKQAQAREAKLMEHNERMVIQLERNTSTLQQIERSLSGLEMELQELKE KVE
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Scienze biologiche, Biologia molecolare, Microbiologia e virologia, Scienze della vita, altro, Medicina, Medicina veterinaria
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