This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
AbdElrazek D.A., Ibrahim M.A., Hassan N.H., Hassanen E.I., Farroh K.Y., Abass H.I.: Neuroprotective effect of quercetin and nano-quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain: Role of Nrf2/HO-1/Keap-1 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2023, 98, 16–28, doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.06.008.AbdElrazekD.A.IbrahimM.A.HassanN.H.HassanenE.I.FarrohK.Y.AbassH.I.: Neuroprotective effect of quercetin and nano-quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain: Role of Nrf2/HO-1/Keap-1 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology2023, 98, 16–28, 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.06.008.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abdul-Ghani M.R., Naser A.S.: The protective impacts of lipoic acid on diclofenac-induced hepatorenal toxicity in broiler chicks. Iraqi J Vet Sci 2022, 36, 1023–1027, doi: 10.33899/ijvs.2022.132915.2148.Abdul-GhaniM.R.NaserA.S.: The protective impacts of lipoic acid on diclofenac-induced hepatorenal toxicity in broiler chicks. Iraqi J Vet Sci2022, 36, 1023–1027, 10.33899/ijvs.2022.132915.2148.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aebi H.: Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 1984, 105, 121–126, doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3.AebiH.: Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol1984, 105, 121–126, 10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ahmed A.Y., Gad A.M., El-Raouf O.M.A.: Curcumin ameliorates diclofenac sodium-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017, 31, e21951, doi: 10.1002/jbt.21951.AhmedA.Y.GadA.M.El-RaoufO.M.A.: Curcumin ameliorates diclofenac sodium-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol2017, 31, e21951, 10.1002/jbt.21951.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aithal G.P.: Diclofenac-induced liver injury: a paradigm of idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2004, 3, 519–523, doi: 10.1517/14740338.3.6.519.AithalG.P.: Diclofenac-induced liver injury: a paradigm of idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf2004, 3, 519–523, 10.1517/14740338.3.6.519.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Alabi Q.K., Akomolafe R.O.: Kolaviron Diminishes Diclofenac-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats Via Suppressing Inflammatory Events, Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses, and Improving Hematological Indices. Dose-Response 2020, 18, 155932581989925, doi: 10.1177/1559325819899256.AlabiQ.K.AkomolafeR.O.: Kolaviron Diminishes Diclofenac-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats Via Suppressing Inflammatory Events, Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses, and Improving Hematological Indices. Dose-Response2020, 18, 155932581989925, 10.1177/1559325819899256.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Alsherbiny M.A., Bhuyan D.J., Radwan I., Chang D., Li C.-G.: Metabolomic Identification of Anticancer Metabolites of Australian Propolis and Proteomic Elucidation of Its Synergistic Mechanisms with Doxorubicin in the MCF7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021, 22, 7840, doi: 10.3390/ijms22157840.AlsherbinyM.A.BhuyanD.J.RadwanI.ChangD.LiC.-G.: Metabolomic Identification of Anticancer Metabolites of Australian Propolis and Proteomic Elucidation of Its Synergistic Mechanisms with Doxorubicin in the MCF7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci2021, 22, 7840, 10.3390/ijms22157840.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aziz J.A., Elsayed-Aidaros A.E., Ali A.F., Sabry M.A.: Ameliorating Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid on Methotrexate-induced Histological and Biochemical Changes in the Lung of Adult Albino Rat. Egypt J Histol 2020, 43, 878–890, doi: 10.21608/ejh.2019.19780.1202.AzizJ.A.Elsayed-AidarosA.E.AliA.F.SabryM.A.: Ameliorating Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid on Methotrexate-induced Histological and Biochemical Changes in the Lung of Adult Albino Rat. Egypt J Histol2020, 43, 878–890, 10.21608/ejh.2019.19780.1202.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bhuyan D.J., Alsherbiny M.A., Low M.N., Zhou X., Kaur K., Li G., Li C.G.: Broad-spectrum pharmacological activity of Australian propolis and metabolomic-driven identification of marker metabolites of propolis samples from three continents. Food Funct 2021, 12, 2498–2519, doi: 10.1039/D1FO00127B.BhuyanD.J.AlsherbinyM.A.LowM.N.ZhouX.KaurK.LiG.LiC.G.: Broad-spectrum pharmacological activity of Australian propolis and metabolomic-driven identification of marker metabolites of propolis samples from three continents. Food Funct2021, 12, 2498–2519, 10.1039/D1FO00127B.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
El-Mancy E.M., Elsherbini D.M.A., Al-Serwi R.H., El-Sherbiny M., Ahmed Shaker G., Abdel-Moneim A.-M.H., Enan E.T., Elsherbiny N.M.: α-Lipoic Acid Protects against Cyclosporine A-Induced Hepatic Toxicity in Rats: Effect on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. Toxics 2022, 10, 442, doi: 10.3390/toxics10080442.El-MancyE.M.ElsherbiniD.M.A.Al-SerwiR.H.El-SherbinyM.Ahmed ShakerG.Abdel-MoneimA.-M.H.EnanE.T.ElsherbinyN.M.: α-Lipoic Acid Protects against Cyclosporine A-Induced Hepatic Toxicity in Rats: Effect on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. Toxics2022, 10, 442, 10.3390/toxics10080442.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Elbaz E.M., Ahme K.A., Abdelmonem M.: Resveratrol mitigates diclofenac‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats via modulation of miR‐144/Nrf2/GSH axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022, 36, e23129, doi: 10.1002/jbt.23129.ElbazE.M.AhmeK.A.AbdelmonemM.: Resveratrol mitigates diclofenac‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats via modulation of miR‐144/Nrf2/GSH axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol2022, 36, e23129, 10.1002/jbt.23129.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Elmosalamy S.H., Ahmed Z.S.O., Elleithy E.M.M., Rashad M.M., Ali G.E., Hassan N.H.: Novel therapeutic insights of Alpha lipoic acid: antioxidant, and steroidogenesis regulatory role in letrozole induced PCOS rat model. Vet Med J 2024, 70, 26–45, doi: 10.21608/vmjg.2024.255839.1029.ElmosalamyS.H.AhmedZ.S.O.ElleithyE.M.M.RashadM.M.AliG.E.HassanN.H.: Novel therapeutic insights of Alpha lipoic acid: antioxidant, and steroidogenesis regulatory role in letrozole induced PCOS rat model. Vet Med J2024, 70, 26–45, 10.21608/vmjg.2024.255839.1029.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Elmosalamy S.H., Elleithy E.M.M., Ahmed Z.S.O., Rashad M.M., Ali G.E., Hassan N.H.: Dysregulation of intraovarian redox status and steroidogenesis pathway in letrozole-induced PCOS rat model: a possible modulatory role of l-Carnitine. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 2022, 11, 146, doi: 10.1186/s43088-022-00329-6.ElmosalamyS.H.ElleithyE.M.M.AhmedZ.S.O.RashadM.M.AliG.E.HassanN.H.: Dysregulation of intraovarian redox status and steroidogenesis pathway in letrozole-induced PCOS rat model: a possible modulatory role of l-Carnitine. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci2022, 11, 146, 10.1186/s43088-022-00329-6.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Emil A.B., Hassan N.H., Ibrahim S., Hassanen E.I., Eldin Z.E., Ali S.E.: Propolis extract nanoparticles alleviate diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats: antidiabetic, antioxidant, and steroidogenesis modulatory role. Sci Rep 2024, 14, 1–22, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81949-z.EmilA.B.HassanN.H.IbrahimS.HassanenE.I.EldinZ.E.AliS.E.: Propolis extract nanoparticles alleviate diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats: antidiabetic, antioxidant, and steroidogenesis modulatory role. Sci Rep2024, 14, 1–22, 10.1038/s41598-024-81949-z.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gomes B.A.Q., Santos S.M.dos, Gato L.daS., Espíndola K.M.M., Silva R.K.M.da, Davis K., Navegantes-Lima K.C., Burbano R.M.R., Romao P.R.T., Coleman M.D., Monteiro M.C.: Alpha-Lipoic Acid Reduces Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Dapsone in an Animal Model. Nutrients 2025, 17, 791, doi: 10.3390/nu17050791.GomesB.A.Q.dosSantos S.M.daSGato L.EspíndolaK.M.M.daSilva R.K.M.DavisK.Navegantes-LimaK.C.BurbanoR.M.R.RomaoP.R.T.ColemanM.D.MonteiroM.C.: Alpha-Lipoic Acid Reduces Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Dapsone in an Animal Model. Nutrients2025, 17, 791, 10.3390/nu17050791.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gu L., Li S., Bai J., Zhang Q., Han Z.: α‐Lipoic acid protects against microcystin‐LR induced hepatotoxicity through regeneration of glutathione via activation of Nrf2. Environ Toxicol 2020, 35, 738–746, doi: 10.1002/tox.22908.GuL.LiS.BaiJ.ZhangQ.HanZ.: α‐Lipoic acid protects against microcystin‐LR induced hepatotoxicity through regeneration of glutathione via activation of Nrf2. Environ Toxicol2020, 35, 738–746, 10.1002/tox.22908.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hashem M.M., Hassanen E.I., Hassan N.H., Ibrahim M.A., Issa M.Y., Farag M.A., Hamdy S.A.: Physalis peruviana calyces extract ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune loss in rats-exposed to hexaflumuron. BMC Complement. Med Ther 2025, 25, 21, doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04750-z.HashemM.M.HassanenE.I.HassanN.H.IbrahimM.A.IssaM.Y.FaragM.A.HamdyS.A.: Physalis peruviana calyces extract ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune loss in rats-exposed to hexaflumuron. BMC Complement. Med Ther2025, 25, 21, 10.1186/s12906-025-04750-z.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hassan N., Rashad M., Elleithy E., Sabry Z., Ali G., Elmosalamy S.: L-Carnitine alleviates hepatic and renal mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression induced by letrozole in female rats through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP - 3 signaling. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023, 46, 357–368, doi: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2039180.HassanN.RashadM.ElleithyE.SabryZ.AliG.ElmosalamyS.: L-Carnitine alleviates hepatic and renal mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression induced by letrozole in female rats through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP-3 signaling. Drug Chem Toxicol2023, 46, 357–368, 10.1080/01480545.2022.2039180.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hassanen E.I., Hassan N.H., Hussien A.M., Ibrahim M.A., Ali M.E.: Betaine alleviates methomyl-triggered oxidative stress-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation in rats through iNOS/Cox2 and Nrf2/HO1/Keap1 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2025, 495, 117223, doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117223.HassanenE.I.HassanN.H.HussienA.M.IbrahimM.A.AliM.E.: Betaine alleviates methomyl-triggered oxidative stress-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation in rats through iNOS/Cox2 and Nrf2/HO1/Keap1 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2025, 495, 117223, 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117223.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hassanen E.I., Hassan N.H., Mehanna S., Hussien A.M., Ibrahim M.A., Mohammed F.F., Farroh K.Y.: Oral supplementation of curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoconjugates as an innovative strategy for mitigating nickel-mediated hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2025, doi: 10.1007/s00210-025-03799-4HassanenE.I.HassanN.H.MehannaS.HussienA.M.IbrahimM.A.MohammedF.F.FarrohK.Y.: Oral supplementation of curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoconjugates as an innovative strategy for mitigating nickel-mediated hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol2025, 10.1007/s00210-025-03799-4.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Heidarian E., Nouri A.: Hepatoprotective effects of silymarin against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity in male rats based on biochemical parameters and histological study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021, 127, 112–118, doi: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1620785.HeidarianE.NouriA.: Hepatoprotective effects of silymarin against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity in male rats based on biochemical parameters and histological study. Arch Physiol Biochem2021, 127, 112–118, 10.1080/13813455.2019.1620785.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ishak K., Baptista A., Bianchi L., Callea F., De Groote J., Gudat F., Denk H., Desmet V., Korb G., MacSween R.N.M., Phillips M.J., Portmann B.G., Poulsen H., Scheuer P.J., Schmid M., Thaler H.: Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 1995, 22, 696–699, doi: 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80226-6.IshakK.BaptistaA.BianchiL.CalleaF.De GrooteJ.GudatF.DenkH.DesmetV.KorbG.MacSweenR.N.M.PhillipsM.J.PortmannB.G.PoulsenH.ScheuerP.J.SchmidM.ThalerH.: Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol1995, 22, 696–699, 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80226-6.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Karimi-Matloub S., Namavari R., Hatefi-Hesari F., Sadeghi A., Karimi-Matloub R., Khaledi,M., Bakhtiari A., Nouri A.: The nephroprotective effect of ellagic acid against diclofenac-induced renal injury in male rats: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/TNF-α pathways. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022, 77, 3633–3643, doi: 10.1007/s11756-022-01217-1.Karimi-MatloubS.NamavariR.Hatefi-HesariF.SadeghiA.Karimi-MatloubR.KhalediM.BakhtiariA.NouriA.: The nephroprotective effect of ellagic acid against diclofenac-induced renal injury in male rats: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/TNF-α pathways. Biologia (Bratisl)2022, 77, 3633–3643, 10.1007/s11756-022-01217-1.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kaya-Dagistanli F., Tanriverdi G., Altinok A., Ozyazgan S., Ozturk M.: The effects of alpha lipoic acid on liver cells damages and apoptosis induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem Toxicol 2013, 53, 84–93, doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.026.Kaya-DagistanliF.TanriverdiG.AltinokA.OzyazganS.OzturkM.: The effects of alpha lipoic acid on liver cells damages and apoptosis induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem Toxicol2013, 53, 84–93, 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.026.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Maritim A.C., Sanders R.A., Watkins J.B.: Effects of α-lipoic acid on biomarkers of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem 2003, 14, 288–294, doi: 10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00036-6.MaritimA.C.SandersR.A.WatkinsJ.B.: Effects of α-lipoic acid on biomarkers of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem200314, 288–294, 10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00036-6.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mohammed M.A., Gharib D.M., Reyad H.R., Mohamed A.A., Elroby F.A., Mahmoud H.S.: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of alpha-lipoic acid protect against valproic acid–induced liver injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021, 99, 499–505, doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0456.MohammedM.A.GharibD.M.ReyadH.R.MohamedA.A.ElrobyF.A.MahmoudH.S.: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of alpha-lipoic acid protect against valproic acid– induced liver injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol2021, 99, 499–505, 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0456.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Morgan A.M., Ogaly H.A., Kamel S., Rashad M.M., Hassanen E.I., Ibrahim M.A., Galal M.K., Yassin A.M., Dulmani S.A.A., Al-Zahrani F.A.M., Hussien A.M.: Protective effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine against penconazole-triggered hepatorenal toxicity in adult rats. J Vet Res 2023, 67, 459–469, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0039.MorganA.M.OgalyH.A.KamelS.RashadM.M.HassanenE.I.IbrahimM.A.GalalM.K.YassinA.M.DulmaniS.A.A.Al-ZahraniF.A.M.HussienA.M.: Protective effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine against penconazole-triggered hepatorenal toxicity in adult rats. J Vet Res2023, 67, 459–469, 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0039.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ramm S., Mally A.: Role of drug-independent stress factors in liver injury associated with diclofenac intake. Toxicology 2013, 312, 83–96, doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.002.RammS.MallyA.: Role of drug-independent stress factors in liver injury associated with diclofenac intake. Toxicology2013, 312, 83–96, 10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.002.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Riane K., Sifour M., Ouled-Haddar H., Espinosa C., Esteban M.A., Lahouel M.: Effect of probiotic supplementation on oxidative stress markers in rats with diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity. Braz J Microbiol 2020, 51, 1615–1622, doi: 10.1007/s42770-020-00302-4.RianeK.SifourM.Ouled-HaddarH.EspinosaC.EstebanM.A.LahouelM.: Effect of probiotic supplementation on oxidative stress markers in rats with diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity. Braz J Microbiol2020, 51, 1615–1622, 10.1007/s42770-020-00302-4.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ross D., Siegel D.: The diverse functionality of NQO1 and its roles in redox control. Redox Biol 2021, 41, 101950, doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101950.RossD.SiegelD.: The diverse functionality of NQO1 and its roles in redox control. Redox Biol2021, 41, 101950, 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101950.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Simon J.P., Evan Prince S.: Diclofenac-induced renal toxicity in female Wistar albino rats is protected by the pre-treatment of aqueous leaves extract of Madhuca longifolia through suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and cytokine formation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018, 98, 45–51, doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.028.SimonJ.P.Evan PrinceS.: Diclofenac-induced renal toxicity in female Wistar albino rats is protected by the pre-treatment of aqueous leaves extract of Madhuca longifolia through suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and cytokine formation. Biomed Pharmacother2018, 98, 45–51, 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.028.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sriuttha P., Sirichanchuen B., Permsuwan U.: Hepatotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Hepatol 2018, 1–13, doi: 10.1155/2018/5253623.SriutthaP.SirichanchuenB.PermsuwanU.: Hepatotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Hepatol2018, 1–13, 10.1155/2018/5253623.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Profilo Orcid